19. Reviewing the list of ports, which of the following factors seems to have been most important in determining their relative rank in the import trade: nearness to Europe, excellence of harbor, facilities for distributing goods by waterways, railroad facilities? Can you add other factors of importance to the list?
20. Make a chart of the figures, sect. 660, and compare it with the chart for the earlier period.
21. Effect on commerce with Canada of the reciprocity treaty of 1854. [Haynes, Robinson.]
22. History of the commerce between the United States and South America. [Rutter; Curtis in Senate Exec. doc., first session, 51st Cong., vol. 8; check list 2685.]
23. Development of American commerce in the Pacific. [Callahan.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
See chapter xlviii.
CHAPTER LI
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 1860-1914
663. Survey of commercial development, 1860-1914.—In the chapters introductory to the history of commerce in the nineteenth century, attention was directed to the increasing rapidity of movement, which makes the second half of the century a period by itself, distinguished above all others by its wonderful commercial development. That the United States enjoyed a full measure of the world’s progress in commerce is shown by the following table, which gives the figures of imports and exports in millions of dollars.
| Imports | Domestic exports | Foreign exports | Total general | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 534 | 316 | 17 | 687 |
| 1870 | 436 | 377 | 16 | 829 |
| 1880 | 668 | 824 | 12 | 1,504 |
| 1890 | 789 | 845 | 13 | 1,647 |
| 1900 | 850 | 1,371 | 24 | 2,244 |
| 1910 | 1,557 | 1,710 | 35 | 3,302 |
| 1913 | 1,813 | 2,429 | 37 | 4,279 |