15. Elements in the Russian revolution. [Sir S. Buchanan in Fortnightly Rev., 1918, 110: 819 ff.; P. Vinogradoff in Quarterly Review, July, 1917, 228: 184-200.]
16. The Soviets. [Spargo, chap. 2, 3.]
17. The land question and the revolution. [Spargo, chap. 5.]
18. Industry under the Soviets. [Spargo, chap. 8.]
19. Nationalization of industry. [Spargo, chap. 9, 10.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The German government supplied no official statistics of trade during the period of the war, and the student is obliged to look to the publications of other governments for information. C. D. Snow and J. J. Kral, *German trade and the war, Washington, 1918, Bureau of For. and Dom. Commerce, Misc. Series no. 65, will be found a convenient compilation; this covers trade, manufacture, raw materials and substitutes, cartels, labor, finance, etc.
References to the effect of the peace settlement on the interests of Germany and Austria-Hungary will be found in the Questions and topics, and in the bibliography of the preceding chapter.
Literature on the new states in central and eastern Europe is mainly in foreign languages; readers of English have to depend on accounts in annual encyclopedias, on statistics gathered in annuals such as the Statesman’s Year Book, and on reports of American and English consular agents. On Poland the reader may consult a brief encyclopedic account edited in the English version by E. Piltz, entitled *Poland; her people, history, industries, etc., London, 1916; A. B. Boswell, Poland and the Poles, N. Y., 1919; and an elaborate study on The Polish peasant in Europe and America, by W. S. Thomas and F. Znaniecki, in 5 volumes, Chicago 1918, Boston 1919-1920.
On the Russian revolution John Spargo, **The greatest failure in all history, N. Y., 1920, can be recommended as a book filled with facts, which has in general stood well the criticism of those inclined to favor the Bolsheviks. The failure of Bolshevism is amply evidenced by the writings of honest partisans of the revolution, such as Albert H. Williams, Lenin, N. Y., 1919; Arthur Ransome, The crisis in Russia, London, 1921; C. L. Malone, The Russian republic, N. Y., 1920; Bertrand Russell, The practice and theory of Bolshevism, London, 1920. Maurice G. Hindus, *The Russian peasant and the revolution, N. Y., 1920, gives a good account of the agrarian question, and a questionnaire prepared from documentary material by the International Bureau of Labor, entitled in the English version Labour conditions in Soviet Russia, London, 1920, throws much light on the industrial conditions.