RIFLE WOUNDS.
PlatePage.

HEAD.
1.Gunshot fracture, skull, lodgment of missile[12]
2.Gunshot fracture, head, lodgment of missile[14]
3.Gunshot fracture, lower jaw, ramus[16]
4.Gunshot fracture, lower jaw, ramus[18]
5.Gunshot fracture, lower jaw, body[20]

SPINAL REGION.
6.Gunshot wound, spinal region, lodgment of missile[22]
7.Gunshot wound, spinal region, lodgment of missile[24]

UPPER EXTREMITY.
8.Gunshot fracture, humerus[26]
9.Gunshot fracture, humerus, lodgment of missile[28]
10.Gunshot fracture, humerus, lodgment of missile[30]
11.Gunshot fracture, humerus[32]
12.Gunshot fracture, humerus[34]
13.Gunshot fracture, humerus[36]
14.Gunshot fracture, humerus, lodgment of missile[38]
15.Gunshot fracture, humerus, external condyle[40]
16.Gunshot fracture (a) humerus, (b) ulna[42]
17.Gunshot fracture, elbow[44]
18.Gunshot fracture, elbow[46]
19.Gunshot fracture, elbow[48]
20.Gunshot fracture, elbow[50]
21.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[52]
22.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[54]
23.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[56]
24.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[58]
25.Gunshot fracture, radius[60]
26.Gunshot fracture, radius[62]
27.Gunshot fracture, radius[64]
28.Gunshot fracture, radius[66]
29.Gunshot fracture, radius, lower end[68]
30.Gunshot fracture, radius, lower end[70]
31.Gunshot fracture, radius, lower end[72]
32.Gunshot fracture, ulna[74]
33.Gunshot fracture, ulna[76]
34.Gunshot fracture, ulna[78]
35.Gunshot fracture, ulna[80]
36.Gunshot fracture, ulna[82]
37.Gunshot fracture, ulna[84]
38.Gunshot fracture, ulna[86]
39.Gunshot fracture, ulna[88]
40.Gunshot fracture, ulna[90]
41.Gunshot fracture, wrist[92]
42.Gunshot fracture, wrist[94]
43.Gunshot fracture, metacarpus[96]
44.Gunshot fracture, phalanx[98]

CHEST.
45.Gunshot wound, chest[100]

PELVIS.
46.Gunshot wound, pelvis[102]

LOWER EXTREMITY.
47.Gunshot wound, gluteal region[104]
48.Gunshot wound, thigh[106]
49.Gunshot wound, thigh[108]
50.Gunshot wound, thigh[110]
51.Gunshot wound, thigh[112]
52.Gunshot fracture, femur[114]
53.Gunshot fracture, femur[116]
54.Gunshot fracture, femur[118]
55.Gunshot fracture, femur[120]
56.Gunshot fracture, femur[122]
57.Gunshot fracture, femur[124]
58.Gunshot fracture, femur[126]
59.Gunshot wound, knee[128]
60.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[130]
61.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[132]
62.Gunshot fracture, tibia[134]
63.Gunshot fracture, tibia[136]
64.Gunshot fracture, tibia[138]
65.Gunshot fracture, tibia[140]
66.Gunshot fracture, tibia[142]
67.Gunshot fracture, tibia[144]
68.Gunshot fracture, tibia[146]
69.Gunshot fracture, tibia[148]
70.Gunshot fracture, tibia[150]
71.Gunshot fracture, fibula[152]
72.Gunshot fracture, ankle[154]
73.Gunshot wound, heel[156]
74.Gunshot wound, heel[158]

SHRAPNEL WOUNDS.

HEAD.
75.Gunshot fracture, vertex[160]
76.Gunshot fracture, vertex[162]
77.Gunshot fracture, zygoma[164]
78.Gunshot fracture, mastoid process[166]
79.Gunshot fracture, maxilla[168]
80.Gunshot fracture, supra-orbital[170]
81.Gunshot fracture, supra-orbital[172]
82.Gunshot wound, shoulder[174]
83.Gunshot wound, shoulder[176]
84.Gunshot wound, shoulder[178]
85.Gunshot wound, shoulder[180]
86.Gunshot fracture, clavicle[182]
87.Gunshot fracture, humerus[184]
88.Gunshot fracture, humerus[186]
89.Gunshot fracture, humerus[188]
90.Gunshot fracture, humerus[190]
91.Gunshot fracture, humerus[192]
92.Gunshot fracture, humerus[194]
93.Gunshot fracture, humerus[196]
94.Gunshot fracture, humerus[198]
95.Gunshot fracture, humerus[200]
96.Gunshot fracture, humerus and elbow[202]
97.Gunshot fracture, elbow[204]
98.Gunshot fracture, elbow[206]
99.Gunshot fracture, elbow[208]
100.Gunshot fracture, elbow[210]
101.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[212]
102.Gunshot fracture, radius[214]
103.Gunshot fracture, radius[216]
104.Gunshot fracture, ulna[218]
105.Gunshot fracture, metacarpus[220]
106.Gunshot fracture, metacarpus[222]
107.Gunshot fracture, metacarpus[224]
108.Gunshot wound, hand[226]
109.Gunshot wound, multiple, hand and forearm[228]

CHEST.
110.Gunshot wound, chest[230]
111.Gunshot wound, chest[232]
112.Gunshot wound, chest[234]
113.Gunshot wound, chest[236]
114.Gunshot wound, chest[238]

PELVIS.
115.Gunshot fracture, ilium[240]

LOWER EXTREMITY.
116.Gunshot wound, thigh[242]
117.Gunshot wound, thigh[244]
118.Gunshot wound, thigh[246]
119.Gunshot wound, femur[248]
120.Gunshot wound, femur[250]
121.Gunshot wound, femur[252]
122.Gunshot wound, femur[254]
123.Gunshot wound, femur[256]
124.Gunshot wound, femur[258]
125.Gunshot wound, femur[260]
126.Gunshot wound, femur[262]
127.Gunshot wound, femur[264]
128.Gunshot wound, knee[266]
129.Gunshot wound, knee[268]
130.Gunshot wound, knee[270]
131.Gunshot wound, knee[272]
132.Gunshot wound, knee[274]
133.Gunshot wound, knee[276]
134.Gunshot wound, knee[278]
135.Gunshot wound, leg[280]
136.Gunshot wound, leg[282]
137.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[284]
138.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[286]
139.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[288]
140.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[290]
141.Gunshot fracture, tibia[292]
142.Gunshot fracture, fibula[294]
143.Gunshot fracture, fibula[296]
144.Gunshot fracture, fibula[298]
145.Gunshot fracture, fibula[300]
146.Gunshot fracture, fibula[302]
147.Gunshot fracture, fibula[304]
148.Gunshot fracture, “Pott’s”[306]
149.Gunshot wound, multiple, leg[308]
150.Gunshot fracture, astragalus[310]
151.Gunshot fracture, calcaneus[312]
152.Gunshot wound, heel[314]
153.Gunshot wound, heel[316]
154.Gunshot wound, foot[318]
155.Gunshot wound, foot[320]
156.Gunshot wound, foot, multiple[322]

OPERATIVE INTERFERENCE, GUNSHOT WOUNDS.

157.
Gunshot fracture, humerus
[324]
158.Gunshot fracture, ulna[326]
159.Gunshot fracture, radius and ulna[328]
160.Gunshot fracture, tibia and fibula[330]
161.Amputation, knee[332]
162.Excision, head of humerus[334]

INTRODUCTION

These roentgenograms are not presented as exhibiting a state of perfection in the art or method by which they were produced, although they show the results of some of the best and most modern apparatus of Europe employed in the hands of very skillful operators. Some plates are included which are indistinct and generally so unsatisfactory from a technical viewpoint as to be of little interest, if all of them were not intended to show the general character of the diagnostic assistance that the roentgenologist rendered the military surgeon in the base hospitals of Constantinople during the Turko-Balkan War.

The collection of these plates resulted from a systematic visiting of the hospitals of Constantinople in the winter of 1912-13, during the course of the first Balkan War, and including all of the military hospitals of the military zone, with the incidental purpose of selecting from the roentgenographic plates, which had been prepared wherever apparatus was installed, such examples of the roentgenography of gunshot wounds as might show characteristic lesions without relation to detailed clinical record.

More than 1,500 plates were examined, and from them more than 200 were selected as exhibiting some lesion that seemed to be characteristic of some form of gunshot wound, even though the case history could not be obtained. From these selected plates photographic prints were made. As some of these photographs displayed somewhat similar conditions, only 162 of them are herewith produced.

As the photographic and reproduction processes have transferred the rights and lefts of the original negatives several times, the plates as they appear here are interpreted, for right and left, as though they were the original photographic plates, which are physically positive although they are chemically negative; i. e., the right and left sides of the page should be read as the right and left sides anatomically. If this distinction be not observed, some confusion may arise from the habit of roentgenologists in regarding a roentgenograph as a positive print of a negative plate.

I regret that I can not here acknowledge by name my appreciation and gratitude to the roentgenologists of all hospitals from which I secured permission to reproduce their plates. To Prof. Wieting Pasha, the commandant of Gulhané Hospital; to Dr. Ishmael Bey, the roentgenologist of the Hamedian Hospital; to Dr. Englander, the roentgenologist of the Austrian Hospital—to all of whom I am particularly indebted—I wish to acknowledge my thanks.

Projectiles.—The projectiles which figure in the illustrations were those employed by the nations at war. They are derived (1) from the Turkish pointed bullet weighing approximately 15.0 grams—it is fired from the German Mauser and has all the ballistic values of the projectile from this weapon; (2) the Bulgarian bullet, blunt nosed or ogival headed and the same as the steel-jacketed bullet of the Austrian Mannlicher; (3) shrapnel balls and fragments of the shrapnel, and (4) fragments of steel shells from field artillery.