[129]. This is also the view of W. Edwards (“Physical Characteristics of the Human Races”).
[130]. Besides the Jews, I might also mention the Gipsies. There is, further, the case where a people speaks two languages. In Grisons almost all the peasants of the Engadine speak Roumansch and German with equal facility, the former among themselves, the latter to foreigners. In Courland there is a district where the peoples speak Esthonian (a Finnish dialect) to each other and Lithuanian to every one else (Pott, op. cit., p. 104).
[131]. See pp. 97–102.
[132]. The way was not so long from rustic Latin, lingua rustica Romanorum, to the lingua romana and thence to corruption, as it was from the classical tongue, the precise and elaborate forms of which offered more resistance to decay. We may add that, as every foreign legionary brought his own provincial patois into the Gallic colonies, the advent of a common dialect was hastened, not merely by the Celts, but by the immigrants themselves.
[133]. Sulp. Severus, Dial. I de virtutibus monachorum orientalium.
[134]. Both troubadours who flourished in the latter half of the twelfth century.—Tr.
[135]. Macaulay, “History of England,” ad init. The Albigenses are the special favourites of revolutionary writers, especially in Germany (see Lenau’s poem, Die Albigenser). Nevertheless the sectaries of Languedoc were recruited mainly from the knightly orders and the dignitaries of the Church. Their doctrines were indeed anti-social; and for this reason much may be pardoned to them.
[136]. See the curious remarks of Génin in his preface to the Chanson de Roland (edited 1851).
[137]. See Hickes, Thesaurus litteraturæ septentrionalis; also L’Histoire littéraire de France, vol. xvii, p. 633.
[138]. Published in the Revue des Deux Mondes.