The Sayings of Confucius

by Confucius

FOOTNOTES:

[184] This chapter shows the principles on which China was governed in old times. Yao and Shun were the legendary founders of the Chinese Empire, Yü, T'ang, and Chou were the first emperors of the houses of Hsia, Shang and Chou, which had ruled China up till the time of Confucius.

[185] Said by King Wu (Chou). The people blamed him for not dethroning at once the tyrant Chou Hsin.

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INDEX

The Index has been reprinted with few changes from the first edition, whilst the book itself has been revised. There are therefore slight differences here and there between the two.

(Aspirated and unaspirated letters have been treated as different letters. The aspirated letter follows immediately the unaspirated; e.g. t'a comes after tung.)

• Ai, Duke of Lu, name Chiang, reigned 494-68 b.c.;
  • [ii.] 19, asks how to make his people loyal;
  • [iii.] 21, asks Tsai Wo about the shrines to guardian spirits;
  • [vi.] 2, asks which disciples are fond of learning;
  • [xii.] 9, asks what to do in this year of dearth;
  • [xiv.] 22, does not avenge the murder of Duke of Ch'i.
• Ao, [xiv.] 6, a man of the Hsia dynasty famous for his strength.

• Chang, [xix.] 15, 16 = Tzu-chang, whom see.
• Chao, [vi.] 14, Prince of Sung, his beauty.
• Chao, Duke of Lu, reigned 541-10 b.c.;
  • [vii.] 30 (and note), the Master deems him well bred.
• Chao, one of the great families that governed the state of Chin;
  • [xiv.] 12, Meng Kung-ch'o, fit to be steward of.
• Chao-nan, [xvii.] 10, the first book of the Book of Poetry, a collection of old Chinese songs.
• Cheng, a state of ancient China;
  • [xv.] 10, its wanton music;
  • [xvii.] 18, its strains confound sweet music.
• Chi, or Chi-sun, one of the three great houses of Lu, who had grasped all power in the state. The others were Meng-sun and Shu-sun. They were all descended from Duke Huan by a concubine.
• Chi, the Chi, head of the Chi clan, first Chi Huan and then Chi K'ang;
  • [iii.] 1, had eight rows of dancers in his hall;
  • [iii.] 6, worshipped on Mount T'ai;
  • [vi.] 7, wishes to make Min Tzu-ch'ien governor of Pi;
  • [xi.] 16, richer than the Duke of Chou;
  • [xiii.] 2, Chung-kung is his steward;
  • [xvi.] 1, is about to chastise Chuan-yü;
  • [xviii.] 3, Ching, Duke of Ch'i, would set him above Confucius.
• Chi, [xiv.] 6 = Hou Chi, director of husbandry under the Emperor Yao, and ancestor of the Chou dynasty.
• Chi, [iii.] 9, a small state.
• Chi, [xviii.] 1, another small state. Lord of Chi: an uncle of the tyrant Chou, last of the Yin dynasty. He was imprisoned for chiding the emperor, and to escape death feigned madness.
• Chi Huan, head of the Chi clan + 491 b.c.;
  • [xviii.] 4, accepts singing girls from Ch'i.
• Chi-kua, [xviii.] 11, an officer of Chou.
• Chi K'ang, of the great house of Chi of Lu, succeeded Chi Huan as chief, 491 b.c. (see note to [xii.] 17);
  • [ii.] 20, told how to make the people respectful, faithful, and willing;
  • [vi.] 6, asks whether certain disciples were fit for power;
  • [x.] 11, presents the Master with medicine;
  • [xi.] 6, asks which disciples were fond of learning;
  • [xii.] 17, asks how to rule;
  • [xii.] 18, is vexed by robbers;
  • [xii.] 19, asks whether we should kill the bad;
  • [xiv.] 20, asks how Duke Ling escapes ruin.
• Chi-lu, another name for Tzu-lu.
• Chi-sui, [xviii.] 11, an officer of Chou.
• Chi-sun, [xiv.] 38, or Chi (which see), probably Chi Huan, the head of the house.
• Chi Tzu-ch'eng, [xii.] 8, a lord of Wei, says, A gentleman is all nature.
• Chi Tzu-jan, younger brother of Chi Huan;
  • [xi.] 23, asks whether Yu and Ch'iu are statesmen.
• Chi Wen, [v.] 19, a lord of Lu, thought thrice before acting.
• Chieh-ni, [xviii.] 6, says the world is a seething torrent.
• Chieh-yü, [xviii.] 5, a famous man of Ch'u, who, disapproving of his king's conduct, supported himself by husbandry, and feigned madness in order to escape being forced into the king's service.
• Chien, [xiv.] 22, Duke of Ch'i, murdered by Ch'en Ch'eng 481 b.c.
• Chih, music-master of Lu; [viii.] 15, how grand was the ending of the Kuan-chü in his day;
  • [xviii.] 9, went to Ch'i.
• Chin, [xiv.] 16, an ancient state. Duke Wen of Chin was deep but dishonest.
• Ching, Duke of Ch'i. Confucius was in Ch'i in 517 b.c.;
  • [xii.] 11, asks what is kingcraft;
  • [xvi.] 12, had a thousand teams of horses, but no man praised him;
  • [xviii.] 3, would set Confucius between the Chi and the Meng.
• Ching, [xiii.] 8, of ducal house of Wei, was wise in his private life.
• Chiu, brother of Duke Huan of Ch'i;
  • [xiv.] 17, 18, slain by his brother.
• Chou, the reigning dynasty in Confucius's time, [ii.] 23, [iii.] 14, [iii.] 21, [xv.] 10, [xviii.] 11.
• Chou, [viii.] 20 = King Wen.
• Chou, [xx.] 1 = King Wu.
• Chou, the Duke of, see note to [vii.] 5;
  • [vii.] 5, Confucius sees him no more in his dreams;
  • [viii.] 11, his gifts, if coupled with pride and meanness, would not be worth a glance;
  • [xi.] 16, the Chi richer than he;
  • [xviii.] 10, his instructions to his son.
• Chou, or Chou Hsin (reigned 1154-22 b.c.), the last emperor of the house of Yin, an infamous tyrant, finally overthrown by King Wu, when he perished in his burning palace;
  • [xix.] 20, his wickedness was not so great.
• Chou Jen, an ancient worthy;
  • [xvi.] 1, said, He that can put forth his strength....
• Chu-chang, [xviii.] 8, a man who fled the world.
• Chuan-yü, a small state in Lu, tributary to Lu;
  • [xvi.] 1, the Chi proposes to chastise it.
• Chuang of Pien, [xiv.] 13, his boldness.
• Chung-hu, [xviii.] 11, an officer of Chou.
• Chung-kung, a disciple of Confucius: name Jan Yung, style Chung-kung, born 523 b.c.;
  • [v.] 4, said to have a glib tongue;
  • [vi.] 1, might fill the seat of a prince: his views on laxity;
  • [vi.] 4, likened to the red calf of a brindled cow;
  • [xi.] 2, was of noble life;
  • [xii.] 2, asks what is love;
  • [xiii.] 2, when steward of the Chi asks how to rule.
• Chung-mou, a town in Chin, belonging to the Chao family;
  • [xvii.] 7, held by Pi Hsi in rebellion.
• Chung-ni, [xix.] 22, 23 = Confucius.
• Chung-shu Yü, minister of Wei, son of K'ung-wen;
  • [xiv.] 20, in charge of the guests.
• Chung-tu, [xviii.] 11, an officer of Chou.
• Chung Yu: see [Tzu-lu].
• Chü-fu, [xiii.] 17, a town in Lu, Tzu-hsia governor of it.
• Chüeh, [xviii.] 9, bandmaster of Lu, went to Ch'in.
• Ch'ai, a disciple of Confucius, name Kao Ch'ai, style Tzu-kao;
  • [xi.] 17, is simple;
  • [xi.] 24, made governor of Pi.
• Ch'ang-chü, [xviii.] 6, says Confucius knows the ford.
• Ch'en, a state in China; [v.] 21, [xi.] 2, [xv.] 1.
• Ch'en, judge of; [vii.] 30, asks whether Duke Chao was well bred.
• Ch'en Ch'eng, posthumous title of Ch'en Heng, minister of Ch'i;
  • [xiv.] 22, murders Duke Chien of Ch'i.
• Ch'en K'ang, [xvi.] 13 = Tzu-ch'in, whom see.
• Ch'en Tzu-ch'in = Tzu-ch'in, whom see.
• Ch'en Wen, a lord of Ch'i;
  • [v.] 18, forsook his land when Ts'ui murdered the king.
• Ch'i, a state in ancient China, [vii.] 13, [xviii.] 3, [xviii.] 9;
  • v. 18, its king slain by Ts'ui;
  • [vi.] 3, Tzu-hua sent there;
  • [vi.] 22, by a single revolution might equal Lu;
  • [xiv.] 16, Duke Huan of, was honest but shallow;
  • [xvi.] 12, Duke Ching of, had a thousand teams of horses;
  • [xviii.] 4, the men of, send singing girls to Chi Huan.
• Ch'i-tiao K'ai, a disciple of Confucius, style Tzu-jo;
  • [v.] 5, wants confidence to take office.
• Ch'ih, the name of Kung-hsi Hua, whom see.
• Ch'in, a state in western China, [xviii.] 9.
• Ch'iu, the name of Jan Yu, whom see; [xiv.] 34, the name of Confucius.
• Ch'u, an ancient state, [xviii.] 5, 9.
• Ch'ü Po-yü, minister of Wei, a friend of Confucius, who stayed with him when in Wei;
  • [xiv.] 26, sends an envoy to Confucius;
  • [xv.] 6, what a gentleman he was!
• Ch'üeh, a village;
  • [xiv.] 47, a lad from, made messenger by Confucius.