MIXED VACCINE AND PHYLACOGENS[AO]
The noted advance in therapeutics shown in the development of vaccine therapy has brought with it grave dangers as well as advantages. We have, on a number of occasions, discussed in special articles and in editorials the dangers which threatened from the rapid commercialization of this new method. The unscientific character of mixed vaccines and of the mixed filtered products of a number of vaccines marketed as “Phylacogens” has been especially emphasized and the danger from their indiscriminate use pointed out. A little over a year ago we published a series of articles dealing with the whole subject in which the nature of mixed vaccines was described[117] as follows:
“The mixed stock vaccine of commerce is a makeshift. It is offered as a substitute for correct diagnosis. Like all such makeshifts in science, it is doomed to failure.... A burden is being forced on the profession which will speedily assume the proportions attained by proprietary drug combinations. The menace cannot be counteracted unless physicians will accept the guidance of unselfish, non-commercial interests and refuse to purchase and use mixed commercial vaccines.”
This admonition to seek the guidance of unbiased scientific observers is deserving of special emphasis at the present time. Five weeks ago we published the address of the chairman of the Section on Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dr. John F. Anderson,[118] one of our foremost workers in this branch of biologic science, in which attention was very forcibly drawn to the dangers involved in the use of biologic products of non-specific character. He says:
“Bacterial therapy undoubtedly in some cases is a most valuable method of treatment; but when the claim is made that a combination of the dead bodies or the filtered products of a number of different bacteria are useful for the treatment of certain diseases with a different specific cause, it would seem that the suggestion closely approaches quackery.”
Further he says:
“Aside from the doubtful practice of the indiscriminate use of unproved methods of treatment, it has seemed to me that a great injustice is done the patient by their use, since some of the preparations that have been widely exploited have been shown to be harmful in certain instances and even to have caused death. So the first step in attempting to remedy conditions is to awaken the physician to the importance of ignoring the claims of those who are pushing these new methods until their usefulness and harmlessness has been clearly demonstrated by those best in a position to do so.”
As a result of scientific methods in teaching therapeutics, physicians have gradually given up almost entirely the use of “shotgun” prescriptions and now prescribe a drug or a combination of a few drugs, each given for the purpose of exerting a definite action. On the other hand, the purveyors of bacterial vaccines have gradually increased the number of different bacteria in their mixed vaccines until some of those now advertised for sale contain as many as seven different kinds of bacteria, and some of the “Phylacogens” contain the filtered products of at least eleven bacterial species!