[116] Hygiama is said to be a food consisting of condensed milk, with (fatless) cocoa and cereals added to it (Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine and Surgery, 1907).

[117] The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station has recently published (Bulletin 22, 1915, p. 386) a complete chemical analysis of Nutrolactis. It contains only 0.60 per cent. solids (including strychnin and emodin). It has a bitter taste. The alcohol content was 3.5 per cent. The report concludes: “a little strychnin, a little alcohol, and a little laxative is about all there is to cause an increase in the milk secretion.”

[118] Millbank: New York M. J. 50:544, 1889.

[119] Those who are interested in the relative merits of the Rideal-Walker, the Lancet and the Hygienic Laboratory methods for the valuation of disinfectants, should read the following: Method of Standardizing Disinfectants with and without Organic Matter, J. A. M. A., Aug. 24, 1912, p. 667; Standard­ization of disinfectants, Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, J. A. M. A., April 26, 1913, p. 1316; Standardizing Disinfectants, J. A. M. A., Sept. 30, 1916, p. 883.

[120] Alpha-napthol was also found to be the basis of the nostrum Benetol. See The Journal, April 15, 1911, p. 1128.

[121] U. S. Dept. of Agric., Insecticide and Fungicide Board, Service and Regulatory Announcements, No. 16, issued Aug. 8, 1917. No. 244, Misbranding of “Ziratol.” U. S. v. 100 bottles, more or less, of “Ziratol”; consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture; product ordered released on bond, p. 248. No. 256, Misbranding of “Ziratol.” U. S. v. 936 bottles and 6 jugs of Ziratol, consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture; product ordered released on bond, p. 260.

[122] Carlson, Lebensohn and Pearlman, The Journal, Jan. 15, 1916, p. 178.

[123] Carlson: The Control of Hunger in Health and Disease, Chicago, 1916.

[124] “... it is equally unethical to prescribe or dispense secret medicines or other secret remedial agents,...” Sec. 6, Art. I, Chapter II, Principles of Medical Ethics.

[125] The evolution of “Phillips’ Phospho-Muriate of Quinine Comp.” from “Phillips’ Wheat Phosphates” may be interesting. Every one knows that therapeutics tends to fashions, and “Phillips’ Wheat Phosphates” appears to have had its inception as the result of the observation that super-refined white flour contains less phosphates than the corresponding amount of wheat. It was assumed that such flour must be deficient in an essential constituent, and the Wheat Phosphates preparation was apparently designed to fill the want. It was exploited for the relief of numerous conditions that were supposed, without satisfactory evidence, to result from this deficiency. When iron, quinin and strychnin mixtures became the vogue a quarter of a century ago, it was only natural to ride on the wave of popularity and the already widely advertised “Wheat Phosphates” was further enhanced—commercially—by the addition of the iron, quinin and strychnin, the amount of alkaloid added being practically negligible. Those who are not familiar with the various phases of the phosphorus, phosphoric acid, lactophosphate, lecithin, nuclein and glycero­phosphate propaganda are referred to a report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry in The Journal A. M. A., Sept. 30, 1916, p. 1033.