[824] So Frazer, Totemism and Exogamy, iv, 173.
[825] Cf. H. Webster, Primitive Secret Societies, pp. 1, 121 ff.; Crawley, The Mystic Rose, pp. 41 f., 45, 350, 454 ff.; Westermarck, Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, ii, 28 ff.; Hobhouse, Morals in Evolution, i, 183 ff., 188 ff.
[826] C. G. Seligmann, The Melanesians of British New Guinea, chaps. xxxv, 1.
[827] Such a belief is said to exist in the Aru archipelago (Papuan) west of New Guinea. There the family, and not the clan, is the social unit; every family has its badge or crest.
[828] Melanesia is here taken to include the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireland, and adjacent islands) and the islands lying to the eastward as far as the 180th meridian of longitude, though in this area there is in some places Polynesian influence.
[829] So Reverend George Brown, Melanesians and Polynesians, p. 28.
[830] This usage is reported for Florida Island.
[831] On the question whether these gods are a development out of totem animals see below, § 577.
[832] On the relation of this idea to Frazer's theory of "conceptional totemism" see below, § 548.
[833] It might then seem that the deity was originally the animal; see below, § 577.