[2064] Hopkins, Religions of India, Index, s.v. Monks.
[2065] Rhys Davids, Buddhism, chap. vi.
[2066] Cf. H. Weingarten, Ursprung des Mönchthums, cited with approval by Meyer, Geschichte des Alten Aegyptens, p. 401; cf. Lehmann-Haupt, in Roscher's Lexikon, article "Sarapis," col. 362 ff.
[2067] Cf. Hopkins, Religions of India, chap. xix; J. Estlin Carpenter, "Buddhist and Christian Parallels" in Studies in the History of Religions presented to C. H. Toy.
[2068] Against this view see Breastad, History of Egypt, p. 578 ff.
[2069] De Vita Contemplativa; see the edition of F. C. Conybeare. The work is probably to be considered genuine.
[2070] Philo, Quod omnis probus liber; Pliny, Historia Naturalis, v, 17; Josephus, Antiquities, xviii, 1, and War, ii, 8; Schürer, The Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ (Eng. tr.), II, ii, 188 ff. (and the bibliography there given); articles in Cheyne, Encyclopædia Biblica, and Hastings Dictionary of the Bible.
[2071] From the geographical and historical conditions a Pythagorean origin (perhaps indirect) seems the more probable.
[2072] The earliest appearance of an Essene is in the latter part of the second century B.C. (Josephus, Antiquities, xiii, 11, § 2).
[2073] Roscher, Lexikon, article "Sarapis," col. 362 f.