***
'If the world existed from eternity, there would be records prior to the Mosaic; and if it were produced by chance, it would not bear marks of design: there are no records prior to the Mosaic, and the world does bear marks of design: therefore it neither existed from eternity, nor is it the work of chance.'
Two theorems are here mixed together, both fallacies of contrast—
| Existence of records | would prove the w. etern. |
| Records do not exist | the w. is non-eternal |
| Non‑existence of marks | wd. pr. w. made by chance |
| The marks exist | w. was not made by chance |
***
'If this man were wise, he would not speak irreverently of Scripture in jest; and if he were good he would not do so in earnest; but he does it, either in jest or earnest; therefore he is either not wise or not good.'
As it stands this is quite circular, but it might be rendered valid by generalisation:—
| VI. | |
| To speak irrev. of Scr. in jest or earnest | indicates that a man is not wise or not good |
| This man does it | we must infer that he is not w. or not g. |