Burnt Sienna
Is used with the greatest advantage in shading gold or silver (particularly the former), intensified with lamp-black. It is used in figure-drawing for the hair, eyebrows, etc. In combination with burnt carmine and lamp-black, it forms a rich brown for backgrounds, and touches up foliage to much advantage.
Lamp-black
For its intensity, is preferable to Indian ink, and is very effective for backgrounds. To add to its intensity, you may mix a little gum arabic with it, when required as a shadow on the same colour.
Middle Tints
Or opaque colours, which form so conspicuous a feature in the old missals, such as pink, salmon, gray, lilac, pale green, primrose, or pale blue, are severally produced, by the addition of enamel white with the following colours: carmine, vermilion,[B] black, cobalt and carmine, Hooker's green, yellow and ultramarine, in such proportion as the tint requires to be high or faint; but care must be taken in laying these on evenly to preserve an equal surface, which is easily displaced by going over it a second time.
Enamel White
Forms a distinguished feature in illuminating; its utility for various objects is apparent; a small dot, the size of a pin's point, tells on the blue, red, pink, or lilac with most delicate effect. It adds, also, a brightness to the gold and on colours, when judiciously applied. The artist can extensively avail himself of it, and may modify its intensity as circumstances require. It forms a hard enamel over the gold size, which then may be painted over with gold or silver from the shell; and when perfectly dry, may be burnished richly over with the agate, and forms a bright gold or silver raised ornament. It aids him, also, to repair any damage or imperfection which may accidentally occur; and its general utility will soon be discoverable, when the student begins to advance in the art.
With respect to other colours, not enumerated here, they may be used as occasion requires; and those acquainted with water-colour painting, can apply them to the painting of flowers, landscapes, miniatures, etc., in the same manner as on drawing-board. The delicacy of vellum, however, is much better fitted for the purposes of painting than either ivory or paper; I need not add, that the most pleasing and the highest finished drawing may be successfully executed on it.