[ [40] See chap. ccix.
[ [41] This cannot be taken as an absolute rule; it must be left in a great measure to the judgment of the painter. For much graceful softness and grandeur is acquired, sometimes, by blending the lights of the figures with the light part of the ground; and so of the shadows; as Leonardo himself has observed in chapters cxciv. cxcv. and Sir Joshua Reynolds has often put in practice with success.
[ [42] See chap. cclxv.
[ [43] See chap. cxcvi.
[ [44] He means here to say, that in proportion as the body interposed between the eye and the object is more or less transparent, the greater or less quantity of the colour of the body interposed will be communicated to the object.
[ [45] See the note to chap. cc.
[ [46] See the preceding chapter, and chap. cc.
[ [47] The appearance of motion is lessened according to the distance, in the same proportion as objects diminish in size.
[ [48] See chap. ccxvii. and ccxix.
[ [49] See chap. ccxv. and ccxix.