[13]. D. G. Brinton, The Floridian Peninsula, its Literary History, Indian Tribes and Antiquities, p. 177–181 (Philadelphia, 1859). The shell-heaps along the Tennessee River I described in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, for 1866, p. 356.
[14]. His accounts were principally in the Fourth and Seventh Reports of the Peabody Museum.
[15]. See the Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, 1886, 1887, 1888.
[16]. I have brought out the distinction between the epoch of simple implements and that of compound implements in an article which is reprinted in this collection. The expressions “early” and “late” applied to these epochs do not refer to absolute periods of time, but are relative to the progress of individual civilizations.
[17]. Exceptions are some of the Floridian shell-heaps and a limited number elsewhere.
[18]. Florentine Ameghino, La Antiguedad del Hombre en el Plata, Tomo II, p. 434, et al. (Buenos Ayres, 1881.) The bow and arrow, being a compound implement, nowhere belonged to the earliest stage of human culture. See also H. W. Haynes’ article, “The Bow and Arrow unknown to Palæolithic Man,” in Proceedings of Boston Soc. Nat. History, Vol. XXIII.
[19]. Dr. C. C. Abbott, the discoverer and principal explorer of these gravels, reported his discoveries in numerous papers, and especially in his work Primitive Industry, chap. xxxii.
[20]. Expedition durch Central-Brasilien, pp. 310–314 (Leipzig, 1886).
[21]. The reference is to Mr. Horatio Hale’s Address “On the Origin of Language and the Antiquity of Speaking Man.” See Proc. of the Am. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science, vol. xxxv., p. 239, sq.
[22]. Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala, p. 157 (Zurich, 1884).