[82]. C. C. Jones, Monumental Remains of Georgia, p. 32.
[83]. Ibid., Antiquities of the Southern Indians, p. 169.
[84]. Squier & Davis, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, p. 29.
[85]. Origin of the Big Mound of St. Louis, a paper read before the St. Louis Academy of Science.
[86]. Thomas E. Pickett, The Testimony of the Mounds: Considered with especial reference to the Pre-historic Archæology of Kentucky and the Adjoining States, pp. 9, 28, (Maysville, 1876.)
[87]. Myths of the New World. By D. G. Brinton, chap. vi. passim.
[88]. Especially in American Hero Myths, a study in the Native Religions of the Western Continent, pp. 35, 64, 82, etc. (Philadelphia, 1882.)
[89]. M. Charnay, in his essay, La Civilisation Toltèque, published in the Revue d’ Ethnographie, T. iv., p. 281, 1885, states his thesis as follows: “Je veux prouver l’existence du Toltèque que certains ont niée; je veux prouver que les civilisations Américaines ne sont qu’une seule et même civilisation; enfin, je veux prouver que cette civilisation est toltèque.” I consider each of these statements an utter error. In his Anciennes Villes du Nouveau Monde, M. Charnay has gone so far as to give a map showing the migrations of the ancient Toltecs. As a translation of this work, with this map, has recently been published in this country, it appears to me the more needful that the baseless character of the Toltec legend be distinctly stated.
[90]. Ixtlilxochitl, in his Relaciones Historicas (in Lord Kingsborough’s Antiquities of Mexico, Vol. ix., p. 333), says that during the reign of Topiltzin, last king of Tula, the Toltec sovereignty extended a thousand leagues from north to south and eight hundred from east to west; and in the wars that attended its downfall five million six hundred thousand persons were slain!!
[91]. Sahagun (Hist. de la Nueva España, Lib. viii, cap. 5) places the destruction of Tula in the year 319 B. C.; Ixtlilxochitl (Historia Chichimeca, iii, cap. 4) brings it down to 969 A. D.; the Codex Ramirez (p. 25) to 1168; and so on. There is an equal variation about the date of founding the city.