[141] I have followed in this obscure subject W. H. Dall, “On the so-called Chukchi and Namollo People of Eastern Siberia” in the American Naturalist, 1881, p. 857. Rittich says, erroneously, that the Namollos are not related to the Chukchis. (Die Ethnographie Russland, s. 15.) The relationship of the Chukchi, Korak and Kamschatkan is demonstrated by Heinrich Winkler, Uralaltäische Völker und Sprachen, s. 120.
[142] J. Deniker, Les Ghiliaks d’après les derniers Renseignements, pp. 5, 17. (Paris, 1884.)
[143] The date of the foundation of the Japanese ecclesiastical empire is put at 660 B.C. D’Escayrac de Lauture, La Chine et les Chinois, Vol. I, p. 17.
[144] For details, see Hovelacque et Hervé, Precis d’ Anthropologie, p. 468-470.
[145] An admirable analysis of the physical traits of the Japanese will be found in the Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. VI., written by Benjamin Smith Lyman, long a resident among them.
[146] This subject has been presented with great amplitude of illustration by the late Moritz Wagner. See Die Entstehung der Arten durch räumliche Sonderung, Basel, 1889.
[147] Dr. Finsch, for instance, mentions that on the little island of Tanna, in Melanesia, nearly every village has a dialect unintelligible to its neighbors. Anthrop. Ergebnisse einer Reise in der Sudsee, s. 38. (Berlin, 1884.)
[148] This lost continent is sometimes called Gondwana land, from the recurrence of the Gondwana formation in Hindostan, Madagascar, and the east coast of Africa. See Suess, Das Antlitz der Erde, Bd. ii.
[149] The word aëta is Malayan, and means “black.” There is some doubt about the Semangs, as some of them are fair. See Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1886, p. 429, and compare F. de Castelnau in the Revue de philologie et d’ ethnographie, 1876, p. 174, sq.
[150] The Susians in the lower valley of the Euphrates show in color and hair an infusion of Negro blood, but this is attributable to the introduction of slaves into that region from Africa. (Cf. Revue d’ Anthropologie, 1888, p. 79.)