The wide differences between the four main Peruvian stocks are seen in the above vocabularies. The Kechua and Aymara alone have anything in common. The Yunca is presented in the Mochica dialect, which is that adopted by Carrera in his Grammar. The vocabulary of the Etenes, as furnished by Bastian, differs from it only in the word for “eye,” tassack, and “head,” chätz, which is remarkable, considering the extreme difficulty of the Yunca phonetics. The grammars of these three tongues are carefully analyzed by Fr. Müller.
The Atacameño words are from the authorities quoted on p. [227]. Of its grammar we have only the imperfect account furnished by San Roman, which seems to remove it from the character of the Kechua and Aymara.
SOUTH ATLANTIC LINGUISTIC STOCKS.
| Arawak. | Tapuya. | Tupi. | Kiriri. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Man, | wadili, | samnaha, waha, | apyaba, | klöh. |
| Woman, | hiaeru, | zokna, | cunhá, | kütsi. |
| Sun, | haddali, | taru te mu, | curasse, | utschih. |
| Moon, | katti, | kmuniak, | jaçi, | cayacu. |
| Fire, | hikkihi, | chompek, | tatá, | issuh. |
| Water, | wuini, | muniā, | hy, | dzu. |
| Head, | krain, | canga, | tzambu. | |
| Eye, | akussi, | ketom, | tesa, | po-nubi. |
| Ear, | adikkehi, | nunk-hōn, | namby, | benjen. |
| Mouth, | uelleru kuhu, | nimā, | juru, | oriza. |
| Nose, | issirihi, | kigin, | iting, | nambih. |
| Tongue, | uejehi, | kzigiok, | japecong, | nunuh. |
| Tooth, | ari, | zhún, yune, | ainha, | dza. |
| Hand, | uekabbu, | po, | ypo, | mnssang. |
| Foot, | ukutti, | po, | py, | bouih. |
| House, | bahü, | kjiemm, | oka, | era, bate. |
| 1, | abba, | pogik, | jebe, | bihe. |
| 2, | biama, | nom, | mucuing, | wachani. |
| 3, | kabbuhin, | tscho caorhu, | musapui, | wachani dikie. |
| 4, | bibiti, | iapes chacoron, | erundi. | |
| 5, | abbatekabbe, | nonhoron. |
The four chief stocks of the eastern Amazon region present a fundamental diversity both in vocabulary and grammar. The Arawak is shown as it is, as current in Guiana and along the northern affluents of the Amazon; the Tapuya is in the dialect of the Botocudos, as presented by Dr. Paul Ehrenreich; the Tupi is the “lingua geral” of Brazil; and the Kiriri is from the Arte of Mamiani.
In most of the South Atlantic stocks the numerals are imperfectly developed, all quantities above three being usually expressed by compound words.
DIALECTS OF THE ARAWAK STOCK.
| Chontaquiro. | Baniva. | Piapoco. | Guana. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Man, | geji, | enami, | ima, | hapohitai, tahanan. |
| Woman, | sichuné, | neyau, | inanahi, | zeeno. |
| Sun, | intiti, | amorci, | ureri, | kat-hai. |
| Moon, | cachiri, | pia, achita, | keri, | kohaivai. |
| Fire, | chichi, | arsi, | kitsai, | incu. |
| Water, | uné, | ueni, | huni, | houna. |
| Head, | huejijua, | ibupi, nombo, | ivita, | kombaipoi. |
| Eye, | huijarsajé, | nu puri, | nouto ui, | onguei. |
| Ear, | huijepe, | notarifara, | gua-wui, | guaihaino. |
| Mouth, | huespé, | e-noma, | wa-numa, | baho. |
| Nose, | huisiri, | pe-yapa, | nouïacou, | agueiri. |
| Tongue, | guenè, | n-hotare, | wa-nimi, | nahainai. |
| Tooth, | huisé, | na-si, | yai, | onhai. |
| Hand, | huamianuta, | capi, | ha-capi, | no. |
| Foot, | huisiqui, | itsipara, | ouabari, | djahavai. |
| House, | panchi, | panisi, | capi, | maihaino. |
| 1, | suriti, | abehita, | poikoja. | |
| 2, | apiri, | pucheibata, | pid-djaho. | |
| 3, | noquiri, | maisibba, | mopoa. | |
| 4, | ticti, | bainoco, | honaton. | |
| 5, | tictisiri, | abemo hacapi, | houakoo. |