a. Shoshonian Branch.
- Bannacks, in Montana and southern Idaho.
- Cahuillos, in southern California.
- Chemehuevis, branch of Pi-utes, on Cottonwood Island.
- Comanches, in northern Texas, on both banks of Rio Grande.
- Kauvuyas, southern California, near the Pacific.
- Kechis, in southern California, branch of Kauvuyas.
- Kizh, in southern California, branch of Kauvuyas.
- Moquis, in Moqui Pueblo, Arizona.
- Netelas, in southern California.
- Pa-Vants, south of Great Salt Lake.
- Pi-utes, in southern and central Nevada, Arizona, California, Utah.
- Shoshonees or Snakes, in New Mexico and Colorado, Idaho and southern Oregon.
- Utes or Utahs, in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, etc.
- Wihinasht, in Oregon, south of Columbia river.
b. Sonoran Branch.
- Acaxees, (?) in the Sierra de Topia.
- Cahitas, south of Rio Yaqui.
- Coras, in the Sierra de Nayarit.
- Eudeves, a sub-tribe of Opatas.
- Guaymas, on Rio de Guaymas.
- Mayos, on R. Mayo, sub-tribe of Cahitas.
- Nevomes, see Pimas.
- Opatas, head-waters of Rio Yaqui.
- Papayos, or Papagos, sub-tribe of Pimas.
- Pimas, from Rio Yaqui to Rio Gila.
- Sabaguis, sub-tribe of Pimas.
- Tarahumaras, in the Sierra of Chihuahua.
- Tehuecos, on R. del Fuerte, dialect of Cahita.
- Tecoripas, speak dialect of Pima.
- Tepehuanas, in Durango.
- Tubares, in upper Sinaloa.
- Yaquis, on Rio Yaqui.
c. Nahuatlecan Branch.
- Alaguilacs, on Rio Motagua in Guatemala.
- Aztecs, in the valley of Mexico.
- Cuitlatecos, south and west of Michoacan.
- Mexicans, see Aztecs.
- Meztitlatecas, in the Sierra of Meztitlan.
- Nicaraos, in Nicaragua between Lake Nicaragua and the Pacific.
- Niquirans, see Nicaraos.
- Pipiles, on Pacific coast in Soconusco and Guatemala.
- Seguas, near Chiriqui Lagoon.
- Tecos, see Cuitlatecos.
- Tezcucans, in valley of Mexico.
- Tlascalans, in Tlascala, east of valley of Mexico.
- Tlascaltecans, in San Salvador.
2. THE OTOMIS.
According to Aztec tradition, the Otomis were the earliest owners of the soil of Central Mexico. Their language was at the conquest one of the most widely distributed of any in this portion of the continent. Its central regions were the states of Queretaro and Guanajuato; from the upper portion of the valley of Mexico it extended north to the Rio Verde, on the west it adjoined the Tarascans of Michoacan, and on the east the Huastecs of Panuco.
The Otomis are below the average stature, of dark color, the skull markedly dolichocephalic,[157] the nose short and flattened, the eyes slightly oblique. Following the lead of some of the old writers, modern authors have usually represented the Otomis as rude savages, far inferior to the Nahuas. Doubtless the latter often so represented them, but this does not correspond with what we learn of them from other sources. Although subjected by the Nahuas, they do not seem to have been excessively ignorant. Agriculture was not neglected, and from their cotton the women wove clothing for both sexes. Ornaments of gold, copper and hard stones were in use; their religion was conducted with ceremony;[158] and they were famous for their songs and musical ability.[159] The members of the nation to-day are laborious, good tempered, and endowed with a remarkable aptitude for imitation, especially in sculpture. Some of the women are quite handsome.[160]