-hikan, tidal water; kittahikan, the ocean; shajahikan, the sea shore.
-hilleu, it is so, it is true; impersonal form from lissin.
-hittuck, river, water in motion.
-igan, instrumental; also shican and can.
A participial termination used with inanimate objects.
-in or ini, of the kind; like; predicative form of the demonstrative pronoun.
-ink or unk, place where.
-is or -it, diminutive termination.
-leu, it is so, it is true.
-meek, a fish; maschilamek, a trout.
-min, a fruit.
-peek, a body of still water; menuppek, a lake.
-sacunk, an outlet of a stream into another; also saquik.
-sipu, stream; lit., stretched, extended.
-tin, with, or in common.
-tit, diminutive termination; amentit, a babe.
-wagan, abstract verbal termination;
machelemuxowagan, the being honored.
-wehelleu, a bird.
-wi, the verb-substantive termination, predicating being;
tehek, cold; tehekwi, he or it is cold.
-wi, negative termination in certain verbal forms.
-xit, indicates the passive recipient of the action;
machelemuxit, the one who is honored.

The analysis of a series of derivatives from the same root offers a most instructive subject for investigation in the Lenape. Not only does it reveal the linguistic processes adapted, but it discloses the psychology of the native mind, and teaches us the associations of its ideas, and the range of its imaginative powers. By no other avenue can we gain access to the intimate thought-life of this people. Here it is unfolded to us by evidence which is irrefragable.

These considerations lead me to present a few examples of the derivatives from roots of different classes.

EXAMPLES OF LENAPE DERIVATIVES.

Subjective Root NI, I, mine.
1. In a good sense.
Nihilleu, it is I, or, mine.
Nihillatschi, self, oneself.
Nihillapewi, free (ape, man = I am my own man).
Nihillapewit, a freeman.
Nihillasowagan, freedom, liberty.
Nihillapeuhen, to make free, to redeem.
Nihillapeuhoalid, the Redeemer, the Saviour.
2. In a bad sense.
Ni´hillan, he is mine to beat, I beat him.
Nihil´lan, I beat him to death, I kill him.
Nihillowen, I put him to death, I murder him.
Nihillowet, a murderer.
Nihillowewi, murderous.
3. In a demonstrative sense.
Ne, pl. nek, or nell, this, that, the.
Nall, nan, nanne, nanni, this one, that one.
Nill, these.
Naninga, those gone, with reference to the dead.
4. In a possessive sense.
Nitaton, in-my-having, I can, I am able, I know how.
Nitaus, of-my-family, sister-in-law.
Nitis, of-mine, a friend, a companion.
Nitsch! my child! exclamation of fondness.

The strangely conflicting ideas evolved from this root already attracted the attention of Mr. Duponceau[166]. That the notions for freedom and servitude, murderer and Saviour, should be expressed by modifications of the same radical is indeed striking! But the psychological process through which it came about is evident on studying the above arrangement.

Objective-intensive root GISCH or KICH (Cree, KIS or KIK).

Signification—successful action.
1. Applied to persons.
A. Initial successful action.
Gischigin, to begin life, to be born.
Gischihan, to form, to make with the hands.
Gischiton, to make ready, to prepare.
Gischeleman, to create with the mind, to fancy.
Gischelendam, to meditate a plan, to lie.
B. Continuous successful action.
Gischikenamen, to increase, to produce fruit.
Giken, to grow better in health.
Gikeowagan, life, health.
Gikey, long-living, old, aged,
C. Final successful action.
Gischatten, finished, ready, done, cooked.
Gischiton, to make ready, to finish.
Gischpuen, to have eaten enough.
Gischileu, it has proved true.
Gischatschimolsin, to have resolved, to have decreed.
Gischachpoanhe, baked, cooked (the bread is).
2. Applied to things.
A. Initial successful action.
Gischuch, sun, moon, day, month. The idea appears
to be the beginning of a period of time with the
collateral notion of prosperous activity. The
correctness of the derivation is shown by the next word.
Gischapan, day-break, beginning day-light.
From wapan, the east, or light.
Gischuchwipall, the rays of the sun.
Gischcu, or Gisckquik, day.
B. Continuous successful action.
Gischten, clear, light, shining.
Gischachsummen, to shine, to enlighten.
Gischuten, warm, tepid.

Numerous other derivatives could be added, but the above are sufficient to show the direction of thoughts flowing from this root. Howse considers it identical with the root kitch, great, large[167]. This would greatly increase its derivatives. They certainly appear allied. In Cree, Lacombe gives kitchi, great, and kije, finished, perfect, both being terms applied to divinity[168].

{L}
General Algonkin root 8{N} I.  Abnaki, 8RI; Micmac, 8E´LI,
{R}
Chippeway, GWAN-; Del., two forms, WUL and WIN.
It conveys the idea of pleasurable sensation.
A. First form, wul.
Wulit, well, good, handsome, fine.
Wullihilleu, it is good, etc.
Wuliken, it grows well.
Wulamoe, he truth-speaks.
Wulamoewagan, truth.
Wulistamen, to believe, to accept as truth.
Wulenensin, to be fine in appearance, to dress.
Wulenensen, to be fine to oneself, to be proud.
B. Second form, won or win.
Winu, ripe, good to eat.
Wonita, he is ripe for it, he can, he is able.
Wingan, sweet, savory.
Winktek, done, boiled, fit to eat.
Winak, sassafras. From its sweet leaves.
Wingi, gladly, willingly.
Winginamen, to delight in.