1. Boroughs having asylums: Birmingham, Bristol (in St. Peter's Hospital), Hull.
2. Boroughs erecting or about to erect asylums: Maidstone, Bristol, City of London.
3. Boroughs in union with counties: Cambridge, Colchester, Maldon, Gloucester, Leicester, Grantham, Lincoln, Stamford, Hereford, Nottingham, Abingdon, Oxford, Reading, Shrewsbury, Wenlock, Worcester.
4. Boroughs whose pauper lunatics are sent to asylums under contract or arrangements between justices, etc.: Plymouth, Chichester, Portsmouth, Southampton, Devizes, Salisbury, Chester, Derby, Barnstaple, Bideford, Dartmouth, Exeter, South Molten, Tiverton, Tewkesbury, Bridgewater, Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Penzance, Poole, Winchester, Newark, Oswestry, Bath, Lichfield, Scarborough.
5. Boroughs which have not made any statutory provision for the care of their pauper lunatics: Bedford, Newbury, Buckingham, Carmarthen, Andover, Canterbury, Dover, Hythe, Rochester, Sandwich, Tenterden, King's Lynn, Norwich, Thetford, Yarmouth, Northampton, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, New Radnor, Bury St. Edmunds, Ipswich, Guildford, Hastings, York.
In 1862 the expense of pauper lunatics in asylums was thrown upon the common fund of the union, instead of on the particular parish. The effect was natural. Many patients were removed from workhouses to the county asylums, some of whom might well have remained there. There could be no objection to this, if the latter cost no more than the former; but seeing that where the one costs £200 per bed, the other would only cost £40, the effect is, from the point of view of the ratepayer, who usually objects to contribute to the formation of a free library, a very serious one.
Twenty years after the census of the insane made in 1844, and ten after the period to which the table given at [p. 230] refers, we find the numbers as follow[192]:—
| Where confined. | Private patients. | Paupers. | Total. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M. | F. | Total. | M. | F. | Total. | M. | F. | Total. | |
| 42 county and borough asylums | 118 | 113 | 231 | 9,690 | 11,630 | 21,320 | 9,808 | 11,743 | 21,551 |
| 1 military and naval hospital | 153 | — | 153 | — | — | — | 153 | — | 153 |
| 2 Bethlem and St. Luke's Hospitals | 264 | 215 | 479 | — | — | — | 264 | 215 | 479 |
| 13 other public asylums | 708 | 591 | 1,299 | 170 | 178 | 348 | 878 | 769 | 1,647 |
| Licensed houses— | |||||||||
| 37 metropolitan | 831 | 649 | 1,480 | 253 | 589 | 842 | 1,084 | 1,238 | 2,322 |
| 65 provincial | 987 | 698 | 1,685 | 256 | 192 | 448 | 1,243 | 890 | 2,133 |
| Workhouses and elsewhere | — | — | — | 8,125 | 8,126 | 16,251 | 8,125 | 8,126 | 16,251 |
| Broadmoor | — | — | — | — | 95 | 95 | — | 95 | 95 |
| Total[193] | 3,061 | 2,226 | 5,327 | 18,494 | 20,810 | 39,304 | 22,555 | 23,076 | 44,631 |
We must not pass by the year 1867 without recording that at this period a statute important in its bearing on the provision made for the insane poor of London was enacted. This was the Metropolitan Poor Act, which established what are known as the Metropolitan District Asylums for Imbeciles at Leavesden (Hertfordshire), Caterham (Surrey), Hampstead, and Clapton. Legally these institutions are classed under workhouses.