Bygone Cumberland and Westmorland

by Daniel Scott

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Index.

Acorn Bank, Privileges of tenants of, [67]
Ale possets, [202]
Allendale, Old school-days at, [250]
Alms corn, Payments of, [88]
Altar, Horn of the, at Carlisle, [74]
Ambleside—curious church tradition, [49]
Appleby, Privileges of burgesses of, [69];
Barring out custom at, [254-255];
Curious assize incident at, [7];
Bull-baiting at, [195];
Excommunication at, [102];
Grammar School, [242];
Public whipping at, [126-128];
Stocks at, [125]
Appleby Castle, Old corn measures at, [159-160];
Curfew bell at, [238]
Applethwaite (Windermere), Curious regulations at, [89]
Apprentices and salmon, [178]
Apprenticeship custom, An, [233]
Archdeacon’s Court, [59-60]
Archery, [196-199]
Arlecdon, Rector of, chasing a parishioner, [42];
Church font used as water-trough, [50];
Church, Dogs in, [63];
Tradition concerning buried church, [133];
An old school at, [249];
Barring out custom at, [252]
Armathwaite, Gibbeting of Whitfield at, [94]
Armboth Hall, Skulls at, [147]
"Web-stone at, [237]
Armour in churches, [13], [34]
Assessors of bread and ale, [89]
Assize incident, A curious, [7]
Atkinson, Execution of Captain, [97]
Bampton, Arrangement of families in church, [53];
Punishment of Quakers, [107-109]
Barguest, The, [141]
Barring out custom at school, [252-255]
Barton, Probable fortified church at, [34];
Curious manorial custom at, [80]
Beacons, [10-13]
Beating the bounds, [227]
Bees, Telling the, [138]
Beetham Church, Penance at, [111]
Bell-gate at Dalston, [238]
Bell-horses, [217], [238]
Bell legends, [132]
Bell, Mayor of Wreay’s old silver, [201]
Bells, Carlisle racing, [191]
Bishop of Carlisle and cock-fighting, [195]
Bishops excommunicated, [100]
Bishops, Fighting, [22-28]
Blackmail rent, [75]
Bode, bodesmen, bodeword, bode-hill, [14]
Boggles, [139]
Bongate—A reminder of serfdom, [66]
Boon services, [76-79]
Bootle, Beacon at, [15]
Border service, [9-16], [68-70], [229]
Bridekirk, Excommunication at, [101]
Brigham, Fortified church at, [33]
Brough, Probable fortified church at, [34];
Church font in private grounds, [50];
Holly Night at, [205]
Brougham, Curious horn at, [73];
Countess’s Pillar at, [223]
Bull and boar, Obligation to keep, [87]
Bull-baiting, [195]
Burgh Barony Cup, Races for, [190]
Burgh-by-Sands, Fortified church at, [30]
Burrell Green, Luck of, [151]
Burton, Curious dispute at, [40]
“Burying the old wife” custom, [233]
Calgarth skulls, [146]
Caldbeck, Manorial customs at, [83]
Carleton—A reminder of serfdom, [65]

Carlisle, Watch and ward at, [19];
Cathedral, Rioting in, [37];
Cathedral used as a prison, [37];
Charter Horn at, [74];
Pillory and stocks at, [124];
Racing Bells, [191]
Cartmell Church, Troops quartered in, [37]
Carriage money service, [89]
Castleward, Service of, [71]
Charms, [136]
Charter Horn at Carlisle, [74]
Chimney and hearth tax, [182-186]
Church curiosities, [38-63];
Stock, [51], [52];
Holding manorial courts in, [58];
Dog-whippers in, [60-63];
Legends, [131-133], [139];
Fined for not going to, [226]
Churchwardens’ duties, [51], [52], [107], [108], [226];
Selection of, [245]
Churchyards, Keeping swine out of, [60];
Announcing sales in, [158]
Churches, Fortified, [28-37];
Armour in, [13], [34];
Division of sexes in, [53];
Seating arrangements in, [51];
Swallowed by the earth, [131-132]
Churning, Superstitions about, [137]
Christmas festivals, [202]
Clergy, Old-time, [40-46]
Clergymen as publicans, [41];
as schoolmasters, [248-252]
Cliburn, A probable fortified church at, [34]
Clifton, Old school-days at, [251]
Clogs, [171]
Cloth searchers, [164]
“Clothe Dightinge,” [163]
Coaching days, The old, [213-216]
Coals carried on horse-back, [217]
Cockermouth tolls dispute, [83];
Old manorial officers at, [90]
Cock-fighting, [192-195], [201], [242]
Cockpenny, [242], [243]
Corby Castle, Radiant Boy of, [146]
Cordwainers, Rules for, [164]
Cornage, Service of, [15], [69], [70], [73]
Coronation festivities, [205]
Corryhole at Great Salkeld Church, [32]
Councils, Old Parish, [230-232]
Countess’s Pillar at Brougham, [223]
County guinea incident near Penrith, [20]
Courts in church, Holding, [58]
Courts, Old, [58], [90], [181]
Crack Nut Sunday, [225]
Croglin, Manorial customs at, [82]
Crosby Garrett, A probable fortified church at, [33]
Crosby-on-Eden, Old school-days at, [249]
Crosby Ravensworth Church, Keeping dogs out of, [61]
Cross Fell, Legend of, [132]
Crosthwaite, Rivalry between Cockermouth and, [157]
“Culyet,” [52]
Cumin tenure, [85]
Cumwhitton, Manorial customs at, [82]
Curfew Bell, Ringing the, [238]
Customs, Old, [223-239];
Old School, [240-255]
Dacre Church, Curious custom at, [55]
Dalston Church, Whipping dogs from, [61-62];
Holy well at, [207]
“Dalston Black-reeds,” [194]
Dearham Church tower used as a beacon, [32]
Death stroke superstition, [137]
Dissenters, Punishment of, [107-109]
Dog-laws at Egremont, Old, [87]
Dog-whippers in church, [60-63]
Downies and Uppies at Workington, [200]
Drengage tenements, [66]
Drenges, [66]
Dress, Old-time, [171-173]
Drigg, Manorial customs at, [82]
Drunkards, Punishment of, [119-121]
Edenhall, Church tower used as a beacon, [13];
Manorial customs at, [81];
A possible plague stone at, [237]
Eden Hall, Luck of, [148]
Egremont, Manorial customs at, [77], [87], [90]
Epidemics, Old-time, [235-238]
Excommunication and penance, [98-119]
Executions, Wholesale, for political offences, [97]
Expeditious wagons, [216]
Fairies, [137]
Fairs, Old laws concerning, [155];
Churchyard, [155-158]

Farleton Knott beacon, [13]
Festivities and sports, Old, [188-208]
Fighting Bishops and Fortified Churches, [22-37]
Firebote, [75]
Fire, Old methods for quenching, [186]
“First-foot” superstition, [147]
Flimby, Old tenure at, [71]
Fonts in private grounds, [50-51]
Food-stuffs, Old-time, [174-178]
Fools, Old-time, [232]
Football, [199-200], [243]
Forest Court at Hesket, [69], [73]
Forestalling and regrating, Laws against, [165-167], [169]
Fortified churches, [28-37]
Foster-oats, An old manorial rent, [78]
Free-bench, [81]
Furth-neets at Orton and Ravenstonedale, [228-229]
Gallows Hills, [94], [98]
Gambling, Punishment for, [115]
Gaol-life, Old-time, [122]
Ghosts, [142-143]
Giant’s Cave Sunday, [207]
Giant’s Thumb at Penrith, [124]
Gibbeting of criminals, [94-97]
Gilcrux, Old tenure at, [70]
Glassonby, Manorial customs at, [80]
Glove service, [72]
God’s penny custom, [83]
“Gospel side” of a church, [54]
Gowrie Plot celebration, [203]
Great Salkeld, Fortified church at, [31]
Greenhue rent, [77]
Greystoke, Anchorites at, [46];
Sanctuary stone at, [115];
“Pelican in her piety” at, [58];
Church miserere used as church sign at, [58];
Manorial customs at, [78], [80];
Penance at, [113];
Excommunication at, [101];
Foot stocks at, [124];
Gowrie Plot celebration at, [203];
Gunpowder Plot celebration at, [203]
Guilds and old trade societies, [162-4]
Gunpowder Plot celebration, [203]
Hack-pudding, [227]
Halts, [218]
“Hanging days,” The, [123]
Hanging, drawing, and quartering, [91], [97], [98]
Harcla, The execution of Sir Andrew de, [91]
Hawk service, The, [69], [70]
Hawkshead, Dog-whippers at, [63]
Hayton paupers hired to contractors, [234]
Hedge-lookers, [89]
Helton, Old Council at, [231]
Heriots, [79], [85], [100]
Hesket Thorn Court, [70], [73]
Holme Cultram, Abbey of, also a fortress, [29];
Petition of inhabitants to Cromwell, [29];
Curious dispute at, [39];
Old-time school life at, [244]
Holy bell at Ravenstonedale, [114]
Holy wells, [206-208]
Holly Night at Brough, [205]
Homage, Service of, [15], [65]
Horn tenures, [73]
Hospitals, Old-time, [211], [212]
House-boot, [76], [82]
House in two parishes, [228]
Inglewood Forest, [70], [73], [74], [197], [212]
Ireby, Manorial customs at, [77]
Irthington, Old school-days at, [249]
Jesters, Old-time, [232]
Journeys, Some noteworthy old-time, [209-221]
Judges, Perils of the King’s, [212]
Kaber Rigg Rising, The, [98]
Kattstick and Bullvett, [199]
Kendal, Scolds’ bridle at, [115];
Punishments at, [115-121];
Watch and ward at, [17-19];
Parson of moiety of church of, [38];
Church incident at, [35-37];
Bowmen, [198];
Barring out custom at, [254]
Kentmere, Reminders of Border service at, [229]
Keswick, Bull-baiting at, [195];
endowed school, [245]
Kirkby Lonsdale, Church inscription at, [47];
Bridge legend, [133];
Sale of church font, [51]
Kirkby Stephen, Curious tithe custom at, [56];
A probable fortified church at, [34];
Burial of Sir Andrew de Harcla at, [94];
Fair, Proclamation at, [160];
School ordinances, [240]
Kirkby Thore, Penance at, [112]
Kirkland, Unusual tenure at, [85]
Kirkoswald, Curious church tower at, [47];
Bull-baiting at, [195];
Old manorial measures at, [160]
Knitters, Famous, [228]
Knur and spell, [199]
Lancaster, Execution and gibbeting of Thomas, [95]
Lanercost Abbey, Tragic origin of, [111]
Langdale, Curate of, as alehouse keeper, [41]
Langwathby Church, Armour in, [13], [34]
Lawyers, Restrictions upon, [167]
Leather searchers, [89]
Legend of St. Bega, [131];
Kirksanton, [131];
Fisherty Brow, [132];
Arlecdon, [133];
Kirkby Lonsdale Bridge, [133];
Concerning wolves, [135];
Warthol Hall, [135];
Calgarth skulls, [146];
Armboth Hall, [147];
Machell family, [142];
Radiant Boy of Corby, [146]
Legends and Superstitions, Some, [131-147]
Leper windows, [45-46];
Hospitals, [46]
Lepers in Cumberland and Westmorland, [45-46]
Levens, Luck of, [153]
Levens Radish Feast, [208]
Life in the old gaols, [122]
Little Salkeld, Desecration of church at, [58]
Long Marton, An infant rector of, [39]
Lucks, [148-154]
Manorial laws, [64-90]
Market bells, [167]
Markets and fairs customs, [155-168]
Maskers, [202]
Meat selling at church doors, [156];
On Sundays, [165];
Bequest, A, [177]
Milling laws, Old, [76], [82], [83]
Mill lookers, [89]
Millom, Manorial jurisdiction at, [64];
Penance at, [112]
Minstrel galleries, Old, [181]
Miracle workers, Supposed, [138]
Mock Mayors, [200]
Moor lookers, [89]
Moota, Beacon at, [14]
Morland, Manorial custom at, [75], [82]
Mortuary rights of the Church, [100]
Multuring, [83], [84]
Muncaster, Luck of, [149]
Musgrave Church font in private grounds, [50]
Needfire superstition, [143-146]
Newbiggin (Dacre), Curious custom at, [79]
Newton Arlosh, Fortified church at, [30]
Night watch, [245]
Nunnery, Privileges of prioress and nuns of, [67]
Nutgeld service, [71]
Nut Monday, [225]
Nutting days, School, [255]
Old-time Home Life, [169-187]
Old-time school life, [240-255]
“Orders of the Watch,” [11]
Ormside, A probable fortified church at, [33]
Orton, Probable fortified church at, [33];
Sworn men at, [230];
Stocks, [125]
Pack-horses, [209], [210], [217], [219], [220], [221], [238]
Parsonby, Manorial customs at, [77]
Paupers hired to contractors, [234]
Peat silver, [78]
Peculiar contrivances, [171]
Penance, Excommunication and, [98-119]
Penrith Beacon, [12], [13]
Penrith Church font in private grounds, [50];
Plague-stones at, [235-237];
Excommunication at, [103];
Stocks and pillory at, [124];
Races, [192-194];
Badge of poverty at, [235]
Penrith Fell, Ludicrous incident on, [27];
Burial of excommunicates on, [104]
Penthouses at Orton, [229]
Peppercorn rents, [87]
Pie Poudre Court at Kirkby Stephen, [161]

Pillar, Countess’s, [223]
Pillions, Riding on, [217], [220]
Pillory and stocks, [124], [125]
Plague-stones, Old, [235-238]
Plumpton, Manorial custom at, [82]
Plowbote, [75]
Poor people let out to contractors, [234]
Porridge, A tribute to the value of, [169]
Posset cups, [202]
Pot fairs, [156]
Poverty, The badge of, [235]
Proclamations at fairs, [160-162]
Punishments, Old-time, [91-129]
Quakers, Punishment of, [107-109]
Racing, Curiosities in horse, [190-193]
Radiant Boy of Corby Castle, [146]
Radish Feast at Levens, [208]
Rapier dancers, [202]
Ravenglass, Proclamation of fair at, [161]
Ravenstonedale, Holding a Court in church at, [58];
Sanctuary bell at, [114];
Penance at, [110];
Stocks at, [125]
Rebel’s Cap at Kendal, [35]
Rector, An infant, [39]
Refuge bell at Ravenstonedale, [114]
Renwick tithe exemption, Curious, [88]
Riding the stang at Ambleside, [128]
Road, On the, [209-222]
“Robin the Devil’s” escapade, [35-37]
Rod, Surrendering by the, [247]
Rose tenure, [70], [72]
Rowan tree superstition, [137]
Running Gressom, [85]
Rush-bearing custom, [224]
Rushes and bents for churches, [59-61]
Rushes, Curious belief about, [170]
Rushlights, Old-time, [170]
Sacrilege, Punishment at Appleby for, [113]
Sales in churchyards, Announcing, [158]
Salmon, Abundance and cheapness of, [177];
as apprentices’ food, [178]
Sanctuary at Ravenstonedale, [114];
Nunnery, [115];
Greystoke, [115]
Scale Houses, Peculiar tithe exemption at, [88]
Scholars’ badge of poverty at Penrith, [235]
School customs, Old, [240-255]
Schools in churches, [248-251]
Schoolmasters, Old-time, [240-255]
Scolds’ bridles, [115]
Seawake, Service of, [15], [71]
Sebergham, A protest in rhyme at, [48];
School in a mud hut at, [248]
Sexton, A female, [45]
Shearing days, [203]
Sheriffesses of Westmorland, [2-4]
Sheriffs’ law suits with Appleby burgesses, [6]
Sheriffwick, An Unparalleled, [1-8]
Shrovetide festival at Wreay, [201]
Silver-penny fines, [79]
Skirsgill well custom, An old, [206]
Skirwith, Manorial customs at, [76]
Snow on Midsummer’s Day, Legend of, [131]
Soar-hawk tenure, [69]
Sparket Mill, Peculiar obligation at, [86]
Sports and Festivities, Old, [188-208]
Spur service, [71], [72]
Stang, Riding the, at Ambleside, [128]
St. Bega, Legend of, [131]
Steading stone at Thirlmere, [121]
Stirrup tenure, [68]
Stocks, [124], [125]
Stockings, Curious method of treating, [171]
Sunday markets, [156-158]
Sunday observance, [225-226]
Superstitions and Legends, [131-147]
Surrendering by the rod, [247]
Swine in churchyards, [60];
Ringers, [89]
Tailors, Rules for, [164]
Tea, Curious methods of dealing with, [178]
Telling the bees, [138]
Tenures, Curiosities of, [64-90], [247]
Thirlmere, Steading stone at, [121]
Threlkeld, Manorial customs at, [76]
Timber-lode, [75]
Tithe exemption, Curious, [88]

Toll-free, Rights of tenants and burgesses to go, [67]
Tolls, An old dispute about, [83]
“Tom Candlestick,” [170]
Toothache, Charm for, [136]
Torpenhow, Old Council at, [230-244]
Town and village watch and ward, [16-21]
Trading Laws and Customs, Old [155-168]
Traditions, [131-147]
Troutbeck dole custom at Dacre, [55]
Troutbeck (Windermere), Manorial jurisdiction at, [64]
Tummel wheel’d carts, [218]
Uppies and Downies at Workington, [200]
Village schoolmasters, Old-time, [244-253]
Waberthwaite Church, Dog-whippers at, [63]
Warthol, Watching station at, [14]
"Hall, Legend concerning, [135]
Warwick, Old school-days at, [249]
Watch and Ward, [9-21]
Watch, Orders of the, [11]
Watermillock, Manorial custom at, [81];
Head Jurie, [51], [231]
Webstone at Armboth, The, [238]
Well festivals, [206-208]
Wetheral, Manorial customs at, [78]
Whipping of criminals, Public, [124-128]
Whitbeck, Old customs at, [227]
Whitehaven, Society of Archers, [198];
Watch and ward at, [19];
Public whipping at, [125]
Whittlegate, The old custom of, [43], [44], [251]
Wigton, Curious epitaph at, [157];
Selling meat at parish church, [156]
Wine, Curiosities concerning church, [54-55]
Witch, Drowning of a supposed, [91];
Mary Baynes, the Orton, [139];
Lizzy Batty, the Brampton, [141]
Witness man, Service of, [15]
Woful Bank, Legend concerning, [135]
Women as judges, [2]
Workington Easter football play, [200]
Wotobank, Legend concerning, [135]
Wreay, Mock mayoral festivities at, [201]
Wreck of the sea privilege at Millom, [84]
Wrestling, [188-190]

WILLIAM ANDREWS & CO., PRINTERS, HULL.

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5, FARRINGDON AVENUE, LONDON.

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