[610] Cf. Bridge, T. W., Cambridge Natural History (Fishes), VII, p. 173, 1904; also Frisch, K. v., Ueber farbige Anpassung bei Fische, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Allg. Zool.), XXXII, pp. 171–230, 1914.
[611] Nature, L, p. 572; LI, pp. 33, 57, 533, 1894–95.
[612] They are “wonderfully fitted for ‘vanishment’ against the flushed, rich-coloured skies of early morning and evening .... their chief feeding-times”; and “look like a real sunset or dawn, repeated on the opposite side of the heavens,—either east or west as the case may be”: Thayer, Concealing-coloration in the Animal Kingdom, New York, 1909, pp. 154–155. This hypothesis, like the rest, is not free from difficulty. Twilight is apt to be short in the homes of the flamingo: and moreover, Mr Abel Chapman, who watched them on the Guadalquivir, tells us that they feed by day.
[613] Principal Galloway, Philosophy of Religion, p. 344, 1914.
[614] Cf. Professor Flint, in his Preface to Affleck’s translation of Janet’s Causes finales: “We are, no doubt, still a long way from a mechanical theory of organic growth, but it may be said to be the quaesitum of modern science, and no one can say that it is a chimaera.”
[615] Cf. Sir Donald MacAlister, How a Bone is Built, Engl. Ill. Mag. 1884.
[616] Professor Claxton Fidler, On Bridge Construction, p. 22 (4th ed.), 1909; cf. (int. al.) Love’s Elasticity, p. 20 (Historical Introduction), 2nd ed., 1906.
[617] In preparing or “macerating” a skeleton, the naturalist nowadays carries on the process till nothing is left but the whitened bones. But the old anatomists, whose object was not the study of “comparative” morphology but the wider theme of comparative physiology, were wont to macerate by easy stages; and in many of their most instructive preparations, the ligaments were intentionally left in connection with the bones, and as part of the “skeleton.”
[618] In a few anatomical diagrams, for instance in some of the drawings in Schmaltz’s Atlas der Anatomie des Pferdes, we may see the system of “ties” diagrammatically inserted in the figure of the skeleton. Cf. Gregory, On the principles of Quadrupedal Locomotion, Ann. N. Y. Acad. of Sciences, XXII, p. 289, 1912.
[619] Galileo, Dialogues concerning Two New Sciences (1638), Crew and Salvio’s translation, New York, 1914, p. 150; Opere, ed. Favaro, VIII, p. 186. Cf. Borelli, De Motu Animalium, I, prop. CLXXX, 1685. Cf. also Camper, P., La structure des os dans les oiseaux, Opp. III, p. 459, ed. 1803; Rauber, A., Galileo über Knochenformen, Morphol. Jahrb. VII, pp. 327, 328, 1881; Paolo Enriques, Della economia di sostanza nelle osse cave, Arch. f. Ent. Mech. XX, pp. 427–465, 1906.