The School System of Norway

by David Allen Anderson

INDEX

Age of pupils, [44-49];
completing secondary schools, [48];
on entering the university, [48];
in teachers' seminaries, [49].
Age of teachers, [49].
Agriculture, [24].
America of interest to the Norwegians, [173].
Apparatus, [145]-146.
Astronomy, [177].
Attendance at school, [54], [77].
Authority, [189].
Certificates, [80].
Centralization of authority, [191].
Christiania's central kitchen, [75], [76].
Christianity established, [20].
Church and state united, [115], [184].
Classes, size of, [40].
Classics, in America, [204];
in Germany, [204];
their decline, [202].
Climate, effects of, [183].
Co-education, [40], [210]-214;
in America, [211]-213;
in Germany, [211].
Cooking, [148].
Co-ordination, between grades, [149];
between subjects, [162];
of educational agencies, [186].
Correlation, [223];
between schools 189, [190].
Course of study, [57], [96]-181, [197]-207, [209], [218], [219];
aim of, [148];
changes in, [97];
development of, [97]-101, [222], [223];
during middle ages, [96];
linguistic-historical, [31];
Latin, [31];
real, [31];
secondary, [171];
suited to people served, [219];
uniformity of, [198].
Defective children, [186].
Department of Ecclesiastical and Educational Affairs, [51].
Delinquents, mental, [187]; moral, [187].
Diocesan directors, [52].
Discipline in school, [76], [77].
Distribution of schools, [34], [35].
Drawing, [146], [147].
Educational commission, [52].
Educational attainments, Norway and America compared, [216]-219;
time required, [217], [218].
Educational authority, [188].
Educational equipment, Norway and America compared, [49], [50].
Educational requirements, [27], [34];
parents held responsible for, [55].
Educational standards, [54], [55].
Educational system, [184], [188].
Electives, [207], [208].
English, [156], [172], [173];
in elementary schools, [173];
its grammar, [156];
length of course, [173];
methods in, [156].
Examen artium, [31].
Examinations, uniformity in, [188].
Exceptional child, [186].
Eyesight, [77], [78].
Fisheries, [24].
French, [168]-170;
difficulties in study of, [170];
length of course, [169].
Geography, [129]-134, [158], [159], [177];
aim in, [129], [159];
methods of presenting, [130]-133;
of America, [133];
texts, [159].
German, [154], [155], [167], [168];
authors studied, [168];
methods in, [155].
Grammar, [153], [154], [156].
Gymnasium, [100], [163]-181, [207]-210.
Gymnastic halls, [69].
Gymnastics, [69], [70], [74], [75], [148], [204]-206;
apparatus, [148];
during intermissions, [69], [70];
Swedish system of, [75].
Hall, G. S., [189], [190].
Harold, the Fair-Haired, [19].
Health of pupils, [77], [78], [148], [205].
History, [19], [134]-139, [156]-158, [174]-177;
aim of, [134], [138];
beginnings in, [134];
methods in, [157], [158], [176];
of Norway, [176];
nature of work in, [157];
related to geography, [135];
stories, [134], [135], [138].
Houses for janitors, [70];
for principals, [70];
for teachers in the rural districts, [70], [71].
Ideals of the people, [182], [183].
Illustrative materials, [66].
Imitation, law of, [82].
Industrial training, [147], [148].
Industries and occupations, [24].
Infant schools, [53].
Intermissions, [69], [70].
Laboratories, [67], [68], [69].
Latin, [173]-174, [202];
courses in, [167];
length of course in, [174];
methods in, [174].
Libraries, [67], [68].
Lumbering, [24].
Lunches, [75], [76], [215], [216].
Lunch rooms, [69];
in Christiania, [215], [216].
Luther, influence of, on education, [184].
Lutheran church, [114], [115].
Management of schools, [188]-191.
Manual training, [147], [148].
Martin Luther's influence in education, [184].
Mathematics, [125]-129, [160], [178], [179], [223];
aim in, [125];
connection between phases of the subject, [160];
co-ordination in, [128];
methods in, [128], [129];
texts in, [129];
thoroughness in, [160];
use of, [128].
Medical inspection, [77], [78].
Mental delinquency, [187].
Methods, [72], [73], [74], [82], [83], [219]-222;
in German, [155];
in history, [157], [158], [176];
in mother tongue, [118], [119];
in nature study, [140];
in religion, [163], [164], [200].
Middle school, [31], [32], [100], [149]-162;
its aim, [149], [150];
its foundation, [149];
length of course in, [149], [150];
its limits, [149];
work of, [31], [32].
Moral delinquents, prevention and care of, [187].
Mother tongue, [118]-124, [152]-154, [164]-167;
aim on instruction in, [118];
correct use of, [123];
in America, [124];
inclusiveness of work in, [123], [124];
methods in, [118], [119];
nature of work in, [166], [167].
Natural history, [179]-181;
laboratory work in, [180], [181].
Nature study, [139]-146, [161], [162], [179]-181;
aim of, [139];
illustrative material in, [140]-146;
character, [161], [162];
laboratory work in, [180], [181];
methods in, [140];
scope of, [139].
Norway, adopts constitution, [20];
area of, [22];
becomes independent, [22];
climate of, [23];
development of, [20], [183];
geography of, [22];
history of, [19];
nights in, [24];
period of transition in, [183];
political divisions of, [22];
revolt of, [20];
its union with Denmark, [20];
its union with Sweden, [20].
Normal schools in the United States, [193], [194].
Norwegians, characteristics of, [25], [26], [27];
as colonizers, [20];
as sailors, [25];
conservative, [184], [185];
democratic, [184], [185].
Observation and practice, [83], [84].
Occupations, [24].
Offices, [67], [68].
Officials, duties of, [188];
efficiency of, [189].
Organization, needed in America, [189].
Paganism overcome, [20].
Pedagogical seminary, [84], [85], [185], [193], [195].
Pensions, [92], [93].
People, ideals of, [182], [183].
Permanency of teaching positions, [87]-89;
advantages of, [87];
objections to, [88];
present tendencies with reference to, [89].
Physical culture, [204]-207.
Physician, [77], [78].
Physical geography, [177].
Political geography, [177].
Practice teaching, [83], [84].
Private citizens, their part in school affairs, [61], [62].
Primary education, [52].
Private institutions, [81].
Private schools, [42]-44, [54], [186];
equipment of, [43];
inspection of, [43];
recognition of, [44];
secondary, [186];
teachers' seminaries, [186];
technical institutes, [186];
tuition in, [43].
Primary schools, [36]-39, [185];
attendance in, [36]-39;
course of study in, [102], [104], [106];
curriculum in, [99];
rural and city, [101];
their financing, [62].
Professional training, [33], [79]-85, [194], [195];
amount of, [194], [195];
attitude toward, [194];
standards of, [33].
Promotion of teachers, [198].
Pupils, in gymnasia, [40];
in lower schools, [40];
in middle schools, [40].
Recitation, method of, [72], [4].
Religion, [108]-117.
Religious characters, [114].
Religious education, [115]-117, [151], [152], [163], [164], [199]-202;
advantages of, [116];
excused from, [117];
loss of interest in, [163], [164];
methods in, [163], [164], [200];
objection to, [116], [117];
required, [116];
results of, [115]-117.
Royal Frederic University, [32].
Schools, agricultural, [33];
ambulatory, [29];
cathedral, [30];
communal, [63];
elementary, [20], [30];
gymnasial, [30];
maintained by industrial concerns, [53];
middle, [30];
military, [33];
peoples', [28];
state, [63];
technical, [33];
their distribution, [34], [35].
School boards, committees of, [56];
officers of, [56];
organization of, [55], [56].
School buildings, appointment and equipment of, [64]-69;
construction of, [205].
School committees, appointed by board, [56];
duties of, [57], [58], [59].
School curriculum, [197]-207.
School discipline, [76], [77].
School districts, [53].
School funds, [62].
School grounds, [205].
School life, in Norway, [217], [218];
in America, [217], [218].
School physician, [77], [78].
School principal, [60];
duties of, [60], [61].
School room decoration, [67].
School system, its development, [197].
School year, [54], [55];
compared with American, [50];
length of, [28];
in America, [214].
Secondary schools, [52], [149], [185];
select strongest pupils, [149].
Sewing, [148].
Special classes for defectives, [186].
Special teachers, [80].
Specialization in university, [51].
Standards of work, [190].
Superintendent, [60], [85];
duties of, [60].
Teachers, attitude toward youth, [83];
certificates, [80];
life of, [195]-197;
rooms for, [67], [68];
salaries of, [63], [91]-95;
sex of, [71], [72];
special considerations, [91], [92];
their tenure of office, [71], [72].
Teacher's qualifications, [79], [80], [146], [196];
improvement of, [196];
in secondary schools, [79], [80].
Teachers' seminaries, [83], [193];
attendance at, [42];
curricula in, [82];
private, [41];
weaknesses of, [83];
work of, [81].
Teachers' tenure of office, [86]-91;
in America, [89].
Teachers' titles, [85]-86;
significance of, [86];
use of, [86].
Teachers' training, [81], [83], [84], [85], [191]-195;
for secondary schools, [85];
in Germany, [192]-193.
Teaching as a profession, in Norway, [79], [80];
its value, [196].
Technical schools, [185].
Vikings, [19].
Vocal music, in America, [207];
its influence, [206];
Napoleon on, [206];
nature of, in Norway, [147].
Writing, [146].

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Constitution (Grundlov) adopted at Eidsvold, Norway, May 17, 1814.

[2] Statistics for 1907—the last published.

[3] The law requires the opening of residences having sufficient room for the accommodation of these groups of pupils for instructional purposes. Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 41.

[4] Law for Higher State Schools, Sec. 2.

[5] Statistics for 1907.