[253] See his Grammaire arabe, Vol. I, Paris, 1810, plate VIII; Gerhardt, Études, pp. 9-11, and Entstehung etc., p. 8; I. F. Weidler, Spicilegium observationum ad historiam notarum numeralium pertinentium, Wittenberg, 1755, speaks of the "figura cifrarum Saracenicarum" as being different from that of the "characterum Boethianorum," which are similar to the "vulgar" or common numerals; see also Humboldt, loc. cit.
[254] Gerhardt mentions it in his Entstehung etc., p. 8; Woepcke, Propagation, states that these numerals were used not for calculation, but very much as we use Roman numerals. These superposed dots are found with both forms of numerals (Propagation, pp. 244-246).
[255] Gerhardt (Études, p. 9) from a manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale. The numeral forms are
[256] See Chap. IV.
[257] Possibly as early as the third century A.D., but probably of the eighth or ninth. See Cantor, I (3), p. 598.
[258] Ascribed by the Arabic writer to India.