This is one of more than fifty tables given in Mr. Hill's valuable paper, and to this monograph students
are referred for details as to the development of number-forms in Europe from the tenth to the sixteenth century. It is of interest to add that he has found that among the earliest dates of European coins or medals in these numerals, after the Sicilian one already mentioned, are the following: Austria, 1484; Germany, 1489 (Cologne); Switzerland, 1424 (St. Gall); Netherlands, 1474; France, 1485; Italy, 1390.[[565]]
The earliest English coin dated in these numerals was struck in 1551,[[566]] although there is a Scotch piece of 1539.[[567]] In numbering pages of a printed book these numerals were first used in a work of Petrarch's published at Cologne in 1471.[[568]] The date is given in the following form in the Biblia Pauperum,[[569]] a block-book of 1470,
while in another block-book which possibly goes back to c. 1430[[570]] the numerals appear in several illustrations, with forms as follows:
Many printed works anterior to 1471 have pages or chapters numbered by hand, but many of these numerals are
of date much later than the printing of the work. Other works were probably numbered directly after printing. Thus the chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in a book of 1470[[571]] are numbered as follows: Capitulem
