32. By confusion of these two meanings, reality and its conditions are represented as given in simple feeling.
33. Yet reality involves complex ideas which are made by the mind.
34. Such are substance and relation which must be found in every object of knowledge.
35. Abstract idea of substance and complex ideas of particular sorts of substance.
36. The abstract idea according to Locke at once precedes and follows the complex.
37. Reference of ideas to nature or God, the same as reference to substance.
38. But it is explicitly to substance that Locke makes them refer themselves.
39. In the process by which we are supposed to arrive at complex ideas of substances the beginning is the same as the end.
40. Doctrine of abstraction inconsistent with doctrine of complex ideas.
41. The confusion covered by use of ‘particulars’.