[6] Historia de Filipinas, p. 282.

[7] How attractive the island appeared and how well they knew its peoples is revealed by the accurate descriptions in the first book of Combés’ Historia de Mindanao y Jolo.

[8] Historia de Mindanao y Jolo, lib. IV., chap. 7.

[9] This important victory was commemorated in a number of writings, some of which have been reprinted by Retana. See Sucesos Felices, que por Mar y Tierra ha dado N. S. a las armas Españolas, 1637. Another is published in the Appendix to Barrantes’, Historia de Guerras Piraticas. The subject is also fully treated by Combés.

[10] The king did not confer the title of “Royal” until 1735, although the University was taken under his protection in 1680.

[11] Entrada de la Seraphica Religion, de Nuestro P. S. Francisco en las Islas Filipinas. Retana, vol, I.

[12] The Jesuits, on retiring with the Spanish forces from the Moluccas, brought from Ternate a colony of their converts. These people were settled at Marigondon, on the south shore of Manila Bay, where their descendants can still be distinguished from the surrounding Tagálog population.

Chapter X.

A Century of Obscurity and Decline. 1663–1762.