Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1894, p. 7.
Perris, Ann. Soc. ent. France (2) ix. 1851, p. 48.
Arch. Naturgesch. xlviii. 1, 1882, p. 371.
"Les Élatérides lumineux," Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xi. 1886; also Leçons de Physiologie générale, Paris, 1898, and C.R. Ac. Sci. cxxiii. 1896, p. 653.
It seems impossible to understand the morphology of the anterior segments by mere inspection; the anterior spiracle being seated on the segment behind the broad thorax. Considerable difference of opinion has prevailed as to what is head, what thorax; the aid of embryology is necessary to settle the point. The larva described by Westwood (Mod. Classif. i. 1839, p. 229), and figured as probably Buprestis attenuata is doubtless a Passalid.