For tables of the families of flies the student may refer to Loew, Smithson-Misc. Coll. vi. Art. i. 1862; to Brauer, Denk. Ak. Wien, xlii. 1880, p. 110 (Orthorrhapha only); to Williston, Manual of N. American Diptera, 1896; to Schiner, Fauna austriaca, Diptera, Vienna, 1860, etc.
Berlin. ent. Zeitschr. xxxvii. 1892, p. 365, and xli. 1897, p. 365.
Tr. Amer. ent. Soc. iii. 1871, p. 345.
Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1893, p. lxxx.
Naturhist. Tidskr. (3) viii. 1874, p. 34, pl. xii.