A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)

by David Starr Jordan

INDEX

• aal-mutter, ii, [144]
• Abbott, i, 415, 419, 422; ii, [307], [534]
  • on perch, ii, [307]
• abdominal fishes, ii, [39]
• Abdominales, i, 393; ii, [38], [39]
• Abeona, ii, [375]
• Abramis, ii, [167]
  • figure of, ii, [168]
• Aboma,
  • figure of, ii, [462]
• abundance of food-fish, i, 329
• abura-ainame, ii, [440]
• abura-bodzu, ii, [323]
• aburazame, i, 524
• Acantharchus, ii, [297]
• Acanthistius, ii, [323]
• Acanthobatis, i, 553
• Acanthocephala, i, 344, 351
• Acanthocepola, ii, [363]
• Acanthoclinidæ, ii, [516]
• Acanthoclinus, ii, [516]
• Acanthocybium, ii, [266]
• Acanthodei, i, 65, 437, 447, 513, 519, 545, 561
  • Dean on, i, 517
  • families of, i, 516
  • order of, i, 514
  • Woodward on, i, 514
• Acanthoëssidæ, i, 515, 516
• Acanthoëssus, i, 446, 510-513
  • figure of, i, 515
  • scales of, figured, i, 521
• Acantholabrus, ii, [387]
• Acanthonemus, ii, [286]
• Acanthopteri, ii, [157]
• Acanthopterygian, ii, [39], [293]
• Acanthopterygii, i, 391; ii, [189], [208]-214
• Acanthostracion, i, 377
• Acanthuridæ, i, 206; ii, [405], [407], [410], [411]
  • family of, ii, [407]
• Acanthurus, i, 268, 271; ii, [407], [409]
• Acanus, ii, [330]
• Acara, ii, [381]
• Acentronura, ii, [236]
• Acerina, ii, [241], [309]
• Acentrophorus, ii, [23]
• Achirinæ, ii, [495]
• Achirus,
  • figure of, ii, [496]
• Acipenser, i, 291, 332, 391, 452; ii, [18], [19], [20], [22]
  • figure of, ii, [19], [20]
  • larva of, figured, i, 141
• Acipenseridæ, i, 290; ii, [18]
• Acipenseroidei, i, 382
• Acraniata, i, 484
• Acrocheilus, ii, [169]
• Acrogaster, ii, [252]
• Acrognathus, ii, [34]
• Acropoma, ii, [317]
• Acropomidæ, ii, [317]
• Acrotidæ, ii, [285]
• Acrotus, ii, [285]
• Actinistia, i, 602
  • order of, i, 604
• Actinopteri, i, 451, 507, 599, 610; ii, [1], [2], [4], [5], [208]
• Actinopterygii, i, 462; ii, [1]
• Actinosts, ii, [1], [33]
• actinotrichia, i, 80
• Adaptation of fishes, i, 177-225
• adaptive radiation,
  • law of, i, 296
• adder-fish, ii, [501]
• Adelfisch, ii, [65]
• Adelochorda, i, 461
• Adinia, ii, [199]
• adipose fin, i, 25
• Ægæonichthys, ii, [549]
• Æoliscus,
  • figure of, ii, [235]
• Ærolepis, ii, [14]
• Æthalion, ii, [41]
• Ætheospondyli, ii, [24], [29]
• Æthoprora,
  • figure of, i, 188
• Aëtobatis, i, 557
  • figure of, i, 558
• African catfish,
  • figure of, i, 457; ii, [185]
• Agassiz, A., i, 405
• Agassiz, L., i, 419, 428, 614; ii, [1], [39], [183], [486]
  • on dispersion, i, 284
  • on Embiotocidæ, ii, [378], [379]
  • on embryology of garpike, ii, [31]
  • on fish fauna of N. E., i, 302
  • on fossil fishes, i, 404
  • on ganoids, ii, [9]
  • on high and low forms, i, 381
  • on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
  • on Onchus, i, 530
  • portrait of, i, 399
  • pupils of, i, 405
  • questions raised by, i, 284
  • sketch of, i, 404
• Age of fishes, i, 144-146
• agency of ocean currents, i, 243
• Agnatha, i, 508
• Agonidæ, i, 208; ii, [3], [185], [452], [453], [456]
  • family of, ii, [449]
• Agonoid fish,
  • figure of, i, 221; ii, [453]
• Agonostomus, ii, [107], [222]
• Agonus, i, 219; ii, [453]
• Agrammus, ii, [440]
• Ahl, i, 394
• aholehole, ii, [304]
• air-bladder, i, 11
  • air-duct, i, 12
  • Aristotle on, 95
  • Borelli on, i, 95
  • of Carp, i, 93; ii, [159], [160]
  • in Cœlacanthus, i, 604
  • defined, i, 92, 93
  • De Fosse on, i, 97
  • Delaroche on, i, 95
  • figure of, i, 93, 604
  • function of, i, 94
  • in ganoids, i, 101
  • gases in, i, 94
  • in Labyrinthici, i, 91
  • an organ of hearing, ii, [159]
  • origin of, i, 98
  • position of, i, 35
  • Sörensen on, i, 97
  • Tower on, i, 95
  • use of, i, 12
  • wanting in sharks, i, 506
  • Weber on, i, 96
• akadai, ii, [344]
• Alaska blackfish, i, 51, 147, 290
  • figure of, i, 149; ii, [206]
• Alaska cod, ii, [536]
• Alaska grayling,
  • figure of, i, 328; ii, [120]
• Alaskan rivers,
  • fishes of, i, 304, 305
• Albacore, i, 210; ii, [136]
  • figure of, ii, [263]
  • Goode on, ii, [263]
  • long fin, ii, [263]
• Albatross, the i, 263, 408; ii, [60], [130], [138]
• Albatrossia, ii, [541]
• Albula, i, 142, 205; ii, [29], [46], [148]
  • figure of, i, 147; ii, [44]
• Albulidæ, ii, [41], [44]
• Alburnus, ii, [167]
• Alcock, i, 244, 408; ii, [290]
• Aldrich,
  • photograph by, i, 303
• Aldrovandi, i, 388
• Aldrovandia,
  • figure of, ii, [138]
• Alectis, i, 202; ii, [276]
• aleihi, ii, [253]
• Alepisauridæ, i, 134
• Alepocephalidæ, ii, [60]
• Alepocephalus,
  • figure of, ii, [60]
• alewife, ii, [49]
  • figure of, ii, [50]
• alfonsinos, ii, [251]
• alimentary canal, i, 31
• alkaloid poisons, i, 182, 184, 185; ii, [411], [412]
• allantiasis, i, 183
• alligator-fish, ii, [449], [453]
• alligator-gar,
  • figure of, ii, [31]
• allmouth, ii, [545]
• Alopiidæ,
  • family of, i, 536
• Alosa, i, 204, 291; ii, [50]
• Alticus,
  • figure of, i, 230; ii, [509]
• Alutera, i, 206; ii, [414], [415]
• amadai, ii, [363]
• Amanses, ii, [415]
  • figure of, ii, [414]
• Amaræcium, i, 477
• Ambassis, ii, [317]
• Ambassidæ, ii, [317]
• amber-fish, ii, [272]
  • figure of, i, 458; ii, [273]
• amber-jack, ii, [274]
• Amblodon, i, 302
• Ambloplites,
  • figure of, ii, [299]
  • skull of, figured, ii, [296]
• Amblyopsidæ, 290; ii, [204]
  • family of, ii, [200]
• Amblyopsis, i, 220, 314
  • figure of, i, 221, 222; ii, [203]
• Amblypterus, ii, [14]
• Amblystoma, i, 78
• Ameiurus, i, 283, 293, 310, 356; ii, [35], [183], [185], [186], [299]
  • figure of, i, 344, 358; ii, [180], [181]
  • parasites of, i, 344
• American charr, ii, [110]
• American fishes,
  • Goode on, i, 335
• Amia, i, 33, 101, 102, 204, 291, 344, 391, 612, 623; ii, [8], [9], [11], [31], [33], [36], [41], [160]
  • figure of, ii, [33], [35]
  • lower jaw of, ii, [33]
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
  • tail of, i, 82
• Amiatus, i, 394
• Amiidæ, i, 290; ii, [4], [34], [35], [36]
• Amioidei,
  • Lütken on, ii, [33]
• Amiopsis, ii, [36]
• Amitra, ii, [454]
• Ammocœtes, i, 142
• Ammocrypta, ii, [306]
  • figure of, i, 158; ii, [313]
• Ammodytes, ii, [224], [391], [514], [522]
  • figure of, ii, [521]
• Ammodytidæ, ii, [215], [520], [521]
• Amphacanthi,
  • suborder of, ii, [409]
• Ampheristus, ii, [436]
• Amphibia, i, 393, 600, 606
• Amphibians, ii, [9]
  • origin of, i, 600
• Amphicœlian, i, 49
• Amphiodon, i, 394
• Amphioxides, i, 483
• Amphioxus, i, 482, 495
• Amphiplaga, ii, [243]
• Amphipnoidæ, 11, 141
• Amphipnous, ii, [141]
• Amphiprion, ii, [384]
• Amphisile, ii, [235]
• Amphisticus, ii, [375]
• Amphistiidæ,
  • family of, ii, [245], [247]
• Amphistium, ii, [485]
  • figure of, ii, [247]
• Amyzon, ii, [175]
• Anabantidæ, ii, [215], [370]
  • Gill on, i, 366
• Anabas, i, 91, 103, 163
  • figure of, ii, [366]
• Anableps, i, 117, 391; ii, [131]
  • eye of, ii, [194]
  • figure of, i, 117
  • Marsh on, ii, [194]
  • Nelson on, ii, [196]
• Anacanthini, i, 405; ii, [484], [485], [499], [501], [532], [533], [538]
  • order of, ii, [532], [533]
• anadromous fishes, i, 291
• anadromous salmon, ii, [68]
• anal fin, i, 10
  • in Embiotocidæ, i, 125
  • as intromittent organ, i, 124
  • in Pœciliidæ, i, 125
  • in sword-tail minnow, i, 124
• analogy and homology, i, 368, 369
  • Coues on, i, 369
• Anampses, ii, [390]
• Anarhichadidæ, ii, [517]
• Anarhichas, i, 208, 391; ii, [518]
  • figure of, ii, [517]
  • food of, ii, [518]
• Anarchias, ii, [153]
• Anarrhichthys, i, 208, 364; ii, [518]
  • skull of, ii, [517]
• Anarthri, i, 509
• Anarthrodira, i, 584, 585, 590
• Anaspida, i, 573, 622
  • order of, i, 579
• anatomy of tunicates,
  • figure showing, i, 472
• Anchovia, i, 199, 205
  • figure of, ii, [54]
• anchovy,
  • figure of, ii, [54]
• anchovy, silvery,
  • figure of, ii, [54]
• ancient outlet of Lake Bonneville,
  • photograph of, i, 303
• Ancylostylos, ii, [45]
• Andaman Islands,
  • fishes of, i, 166
• Andrews, i, 428
• Anema, ii, [504]
• angel-fishes, i, 547, 549
  • figure of, ii, [401], [404]
• angler-fishes, i, 189, 206; ii, [542]-553
  • carpels of, i, 51
  • figure of, i, 52
  • Gill on, ii, [543]
  • habits of, ii, [543]-545
  • Kent on, ii, [543]
• anglers,
  • dorsal fin in, i, 202
• angling, i, 336
  • Young on, i, 337-339
• Anguilla, i, 127, 162, 211; ii, [143]
  • figure of, ii, [142], [148]
• Anguillidæ, i, 290; ii, [148]
  • family of, ii, [142]
• angular, i, 606
• Anisotremus, i, 271; ii, [341]
• Anomalopidæ,
  • family of, ii, [317]
• anko,
  • figure of, ii, [545]
• Anomalops, ii, [317]
• Anoplogaster, ii, [252]
• Anoplopoma,
  • figure of, ii, [438]
• Anoplopomidæ,
  • family of, ii, [438]
• Anoplus, i, 260; ii, [333]
• Antechinomys, ii, [471]
• Antennariidæ, i, 52; ii, [542], [549], [553]
  • Aristotle on, ii, [546]
  • deep-sea, ii, [548]
  • Goode on, ii, [545]
  • habits of, ii, [544]-546
  • Hoffmann on, ii, [546]
  • spawning of, ii, [546]
• Antennarius, i, 197, 206
  • figure of, ii, [550], [553]
• Anthias, ii, [328]
• Antiarcha, i, 573, 581, 590, 622
  • order of, i, 576
• Antigonia, i, 262
• Anyperodon, ii, [328]
• ao, ii, [274]
• Apeltes,
  • figure of, ii, [232]
• Aphanopus, i, 210
• Aphareus,
  • figure of, ii, [339]
• Aphredoderidæ, i, 290; ii, [243], [294]
• Aphredoderus, ii, [204], [252], [291], [294], [296]
  • figure of, ii, [295]
• Apia,
  • coral reef of, figured, i, 234
• Apichthys, ii, [278]
• Aplidiopsis,
  • figure of, i, 479
• Aploactis, i, 202
• Aplodactylidæ, ii, [363]
• Aplodactylus, ii, [364]
• Aplodinotus, i, 291, 302; ii, [354], [357]
• Apocopodon, i, 558
• Apodes, i, 393, 611; ii, [40], [139]-158, 532
  • order of, ii, [141]
• Apodichthys, i, 227; ii, [512]
• Apogon,
  • figure of, i, 455; ii, [316], [319]
• Apogonidæ,
  • family of, ii, [316]
• Apomotis, i, 26, 310; ii, [301]
  • figure of, i, 27; ii, [350]
• Apostasis, ii, [406]
• Apostolides, i, 412
• Appendicularia, i, 466
  • Brooks on, i, 480
• Appendiculariidæ, i, 474
• Aprion, i, 325; ii, [338]
• Apsilus, ii, [338]
• aquatic worms, ii, [143]
• Aracana, ii, [417]
• Arapaima, ii, [11], [56]
• Arbaciosa,
  • species of, ii, [531]
• Archæomænidæ, ii, [29]
• Archæus, ii, [278]
• Archencheli,
  • suborder of, ii, [141], [142]
• archers, ii, [400]
• archicercal tail, i, 81, 83
• archipterygium, i, 59-61, 68, 69, 73, 446, 459, 511, 512, 522, 598, 600, 601
  • Boulenger on, i, 79
  • Gegenbaur on, i, 60
  • Günther on, i, 60
• archnoid membrane, i, 109
• Archoplites, i, 179, 240; ii, [297]
  • figure of, i, 258
• Archosargus, i, 324; ii, [346]
  • figure of, i, 31; ii, [347]
• Archoteuthis, ii, [410]
• Arctic codling, ii, [537]
• Arctic species,
  • in lakes, i, 316
  • Loven on, i, 317
  • Malmgren on, i, 317
  • Smith on, i, 317
• Arctoscopus, ii, [364]
• Argentina, i, 391
• Argentinidæ, ii, [122], [124]
• Argidæ, ii, [185]
• Argyropelecus,
  • figure of, i, 190; ii, [137]
• Argyrosomus, i, 315; ii, [62], [65], [67]
  • figure of, ii, [66]
• Ariscopus, i, 257
  • figure of, ii, [504]
• Aristotle, ii, [146]
  • on fishes of Greece, i, 387
  • on noises of fish, i, 95
• Arius, ii, [178], [186]
• arm of frog, i, 601
  • figure of, i, 71
• ama-ama, ii, [221]
• armado, i, 169
• arnillo, ii, [338]
• Arnoglossus, ii, [488]
• arrow-toothed halibut, ii, [491]
• Artedi, i, 374, 390
  • on genera, i, 391
• Artediellus, ii, [442]
• Artedius, ii, [442]
• Arthrodira, i, 573, 584, 585, 590, 612
  • Dean on, i, 581
  • Jækel on, i, 591
• Arthrodires, i, 204, 241, 436, 437, 603, 622; ii, [3]
  • classification of, i, 584
  • figure of, i, 445, 584
  • occurrence of, i, 583
  • relationships of, i, 588
• Arthropteridæ, i, 553
• Arthropterus, i, 553
• Arthrognathi, i, 581, 584, 585, 589, 590
  • Dean on, i, 584
• Arthrothoraci, i, 584, 586, 587
• articular, i, 606
• artificial impregnation,
  • Jacobian method, i, 150
• Ascanius, i, 396; ii, [472]
• Ascelichthys, ii, [449]
• Ascidia,
  • figure of, i, 474
• Ascidiacea, i, 474
• ascidians, i, 460, 467
  • Kingsley on, i, 474
  • Ritter on, i, 474
• Ascidiiæ, i, 474, 475
• Ascidina,
  • figure of, i, 475
• Aseraggodes, ii, [496]
• Ashmead,
  • on leprosy transmission, i, 186
• Asineopidæ, ii, [243], [296], [317]
• Asineops, ii, [243], [317]
• Asmuss, i, 427
• Aspasma, ii, [531]
  • figure of, ii, [530]
• Aspidocephali, i, 568, 575
• Aspidoganoidei, i, 568
• Aspidophoroides,
  • figure of, ii, [453]
• Aspidorhini, i, 568
• Aspidorhynchidæ, ii, [24], [29]
• Aspidorhynchus, ii, [29]
• Aspius, ii, [175]
• Aspredo, ii, [184]
• Aspro, ii, [307], [310]
  • figure of, ii, [309]
• aspron, ii, [309]
  • figure of, ii, [310]
• Asterolepidæ, i, 576, 623
• Asterolepis, i, 577, 591
• Asterospondyli, i, 447, 510, 513, 532
  • order of, i, 525
• asterospondylous, i, 49
• Asterosteidæ, i, 584, 585
• Asterosteus, i, 585
• Asterropteryx, i, 263
• Astrodermiidæ, i, 551
• Astrodermus, i, 551
• Astrolabe, the, i, 408
• Astrolytes,
  • figure of, ii, [442]
• Astronesthidæ, ii, [128]
• Astrape, i, 554
• Astroscopus, ii, [503]
  • Gilbert on, i, 187
  • electric organs of, i, 187
• Asymmetron, i, 483; ii, [467]
• Ateleaspis, i, 574
• Atheresthes, i, 205; ii, [491]
• Atherina, i, 393; ii, [216]
• Atherinidæ, i, 290; ii, [215]
• Atherinops, ii, [218]
• Atherinopsis,
  • figure of, ii, [218]
• Atherinosoma, ii, [218]
• Athlennes, ii, [211]
• Atka fish,
  • figure of, i, 328; ii, [439]
• Atka mackerel, ii, [439]
• Atlantic creek, i, 308, 309
• Atlantic oarfish, ii, [472]
• Atlantic salmon, ii, [89]
• attenuate, i, 19
• Atthey, i, 426
• Auchenopterus, ii, [508]
• atule, ii, [275]
• auditory ossicles, ii, [160]
• Aulichthys, ii, [233]
• Aulolepis, ii, [48]
• Aulopidæ, ii, [130], [132]
• Aulopus, i, 259; ii, [190]
• Aulorhamphus, ii, [406]
• Aulorhynchidæ,
  • family of, ii, [232]
• Aulorhynchus, ii, [233]
• Aulostomidæ,
  • family of, ii, [233]
• Aulostomus, ii, [233]
  • figure of, ii, [234]
• Australia, ii, [363]
• Australian flying-fish,
  • figure of, i, 341
• Australian lung-fish, i, 100
• autochthonous, i, 245
• autostylic skull, i, 561; ii, [8]
• Auxis, ii, [262]
• awa, ii, [45], [221]
• awaawa, ii, [43]
• awaous, i, 254; ii, [465]
• aweoweo, ii, [333]
• Axinurus, ii, [409]
• axonasts, i, 604, 605; ii, [17]
• Ayres, i, 419, 428
• ayu, i, 256; ii, [115], [117], [118]
  • figure of, i, 321; ii, [116]
  • fishing for figured, i, 333, 335
• Azevia, i, 271; ii, [489]
• d'Azyr, i, 390
• Azygostei, i, 581
• azygous, i, 88
• Baer, i, 428
• Bagarius, ii, [186]
• bagonado, ii, [344]
• bagre, ii, [182]
• bagre de Rio, ii, [182]
• Bagrus, ii, [183]
• Baikal cods, ii, [455]
• Baird, i, 419; ii, [142]
  • on bluefish, ii, [279]-282
  • on eel migrations, ii, [142]
  • portrait of, i, 407
• Bairdiella, ii, [355]
  • figure of, ii, [355]
• Bakker, i, 428
• Balanoglossidæ, i, 465
• Balanglossus, i, 461
• Balanus, ii, [544]
• balaos, ii, [212]
• Balfour, i, 428, 511, 513; ii, [8]
  • finfold theory, i, 69, 514
  • lateral-fold theory, i, 71-73
  • on paired fins, ii, [8]
  • on sharks, i, 511
• Balfour and Parker,
  • on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
• Balistapus, i, 181; ii, [413]
• Balistes, i, 206, 391, 611; ii, [22]
  • figure of, i, 184; ii, [412]
• Balistidæ, ii, [413], [418]
  • family of, ii, [412]
• Ballou,
  • on eels, ii, [417]
• banded rockfish,
  • figure of, ii, [432]
• banded sunfish,
  • figure of, ii, [299]
• bandfishes, ii, [363]
• bandfishes,
  • the crested, ii, [291]
• Banks, i, 395
• barbels, i, 115; ii, [170]
  • organs of touch, i, 122
• barber-fish, ii, [328]
• barbero, ii, [408]
• barbudos, ii, [256]
• Barbulifer, ii, [462]
• Barbus, ii, [170], [175]
• Barkas, i, 426
• Barneville, i, 412
• Barracuda, ii, [34], [39], [215], [266], [317], [469]
• Barracuda,
  • family of, ii, [222]
  • figure of, ii, [223]
• Barramunda, i, 116, 614, 615
  • Günther on, i, 615
• barreto, ii, [467]
• barriers,
  • Alleghanies, i, 311
  • artificial dams, i, 300
  • Cape of Good Hope, i, 268
  • checks to movement, i, 240
  • crossing by fishes, i, 302
  • to dispersion, i, 297
  • Isthmus of Panama, i, 269
  • local, i, 298
  • mountain chains, i, 310
  • Rocky Mountains, i, 305
  • the Sierras, i, 310
  • silt-bearing streams, i, 301
  • species absent from, i, 239
  • temperature, i, 298
  • waterfalls, i, 300
  • watersheds, i, 205
• basal bone,
  • of dorsal fin, i, 49
  • figure of, i, 49, 56
  • of pectoral fin, i, 59
• baseosts, ii, [17]
• basilar, i, 88
• Basilevsky, i, 411
• basking shark, i, 539
  • figure of, i, 540
  • largest of fishes, i, 539
• bass, i, 4, 21, 47, 290, 323, 440; ii, [316]-350
  • black, i, 303, 304
  • white, i, 321
  • yellow, i, 321
• bassalian fishes, i, 245, 246; ii, [128]
• Bassani, i, 427
• Bassozetus,
  • figure of, i, 456
• bastard halibut, ii, [489]
• Bateson, i, 463
• batfish, ii, [402], [458]
  • figure of, ii, [553]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 88; ii, [551]
• Bathyclupeidæ, ii, [290]
• Bathygadus, ii, [541]
• Bathylagus, ii, [127]
• Bathymaster, ii, [502]
  • figure of, ii, [503]
• Bathymasteridæ, ii, [502]
• Bathyonidæ, ii, [540]
• Bathyonus, ii, [540]
• Bathypteroidæ, ii, [130]
• Bathypterois, ii, [131]
• Batoidei, i, 519
  • suborder of, i, 549
• Batrachians, i, 85, 87, 88
• Batrachoides, i, 394; ii, [526]
• Batrachoides,
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
• Batrachoididæ, i, 182, 192; ii, [525], [529], [542]
• Batrachoids, ii, [529]
• Batrictius, i, 394
• Bdellostoma, i, 490
• Beagle, the, i, 408
• Bean, i, 408, 419
• Beardslee, ii, [101]
• Beardslee trout, ii, [101]
• Belemnobatis, i, 551
• Bellotti, i, 412
• bellows fish, ii, [545]
• Belon,
  • on fishes of Mediterranean, i, 388
• Belone, ii, [210], [211]
• Belonidæ,
  • family of, ii, [210]
• Belonorhynchidæ, ii, [514]
• Belonorhynchus, ii, [17]
• Belostomus, ii, [29]
• Bembradidæ, ii, [441], [499]
• Bembras, ii, [441]
• Benecke,
  • on spawning of eels, ii, [146]
• Beneden, i, 427
• benimasu, ii, [72]
• Bennett, i, 408, 416
• Bentenia, ii, [286]
• Benthosauridæ, ii, [130]
• Benthosaurus, ii, [131]
• Berg, i, 415
  • portrait of, i, 409
• Berndt,
  • opah taken by, ii, [244]
  • photograph by, i, 323
• Berycidæ, i, 206; ii, [294], [499]
  • family of, ii, [251]
• Berycoidei, ii, [40], [245], [290], [484], [485]
  • suborder of, ii, [250]-257
• Berycoid fishes, ii, [250]
  • figure of, i, 439; ii, [253]
  • Starks on, ii, [250]
• Berycoids, ii, [247]
• Berycopsis, ii, [285]
• Beryx, i, 259, 263, 438; ii, [249], [289]
  • figure of, ii, [251]
• beshow, ii, [438]
• Betta, i, 163; ii, [370]
• biajaiba, ii, [336]
• Bianconi, i, 412
• Bibron, i, 412
• big-eye, ii, [333]
  • figure of, ii, [332]
• big-eyed scad, ii, [275]
• Birkenia, i, 580
  • figure of, i, 579
• Birkeniidæ, i, 579
• bishop-fish, i, 361
• bishop-fish,
  • figure of, i, 361
• Björnson,
  • on fishing villages of Norway, i, 329
• black angel, ii, [405]
• black angel-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [403]
• black bass, i, 209; ii, [168], [301], [328]
  • Hallock on, ii, [302]
  • Henshall on, ii, [302]
  • large-mouthed, ii, [304]
  • small-mouthed, ii, [303]
• black bream, ii, [206]
• Black Current of Japan, sharks in, i, 536
• black escolar, 338
• black-fin snapper, ii, [336]
• blackfish, ii, [387]
• black grouper, ii, [323], [325]
• black-horse, ii, [173]
• Blackiston's line,
  • relation to fishes, i, 257
• black-jack, ii, [276]
• black nohu,
  • figure of, i, 180; ii, [436]
  • stinging spines of, i, 180
• black-nosed dace,
  • figure of, i, 342; ii, [164]
  • parasites on, i, 342
• black rockfish, ii, [429]
• black ruff, ii, [284]
• black sea-bass, ii, [329]
• black-sided darter,
  • figure of, ii, [311]
• blacksmith, ii, [381]
• black-spotted sailor's choice, ii, [341]
• black-spotted trout, ii, [95]
• black swallower,
  • figure of, i, 29; ii, [360]
• black tai, ii, [344]
• black will, ii, [328]
• black wrasse, ii, [387]
• Blainville, i, 400
  • on Palæoniscum, ii, [14]
• Blake, i, 60, 408
• Blanchard, i, 412
• blanquillos, ii, [361], [362]
• blastoderm, i, 135
• blastomeres, i, 135
• blastopore, i, 138
• blastula, i, 131, 132
• bleak, ii, [163], [167]
• Bleeker, i, 376, 412, 414
• Bleekeria, ii, [521]
• Bleekeriidæ, ii, [522]
• Blenniidæ, i, 208, 276, 290; ii, [506]-531
• Blennioidea, ii, [470]
• Blennius, i, 208, 391; ii, [511], [513]
• Blennius,
  • figure of, i, 508
• blenny, i, 209, 230, 290, 429; ii, [507]-531
  • figure of, ii, [509], [511]
  • Japanese, i, 9; ii, [513]
  • kelp, ii, [507]
  • northern, ii, [511]
  • sarcastic, ii, [507]
  • snake, ii, [512]
• Blepsias,
  • figure of, ii, [448]
• blind Brotula,
  • figure of, i, 222
• blind catfish, ii, [181]
• blind cavefish,
  • figure of, i, 116; ii, [202]
• blindfish, i, 290; ii, [202], [524]
  • descent of, ii, [202]
  • Eigenmann on, i, 117; ii, [202]
  • habits of, ii, [202]
  • theories regarding origin, ii, [202]
• blindfish of Mammoth Cave, ii, [202], [203]
  • Eigenmann on, i, 221, 222
  • figure of, i, 221
• blind goby, ii, [467]
• blob, ii, [444]
• Bloch, i, 389, 397
• Blochiidæ, ii, [514]
• Blochius,
  • figure of, ii, [514]
• Blossom, the, i, 408
• blue-back, ii, [71], [73]-76
• blue-back salmon, ii, [68], [69]
• blue-breasted darter, i, 231; ii, [314]
  • figure of, i, 231
• blue cod, ii, [440]
• bluefin, ii, [66]
• bluefin cisco,
  • figure of, ii, [66]
• bluefish, ii, [278], [354]
  • Baird on, i, 279-282
  • destructiveness of, ii, [281]
  • figure of, i, 324; ii, [279]
  • food of, ii, [280]
• bluegill,
  • figure of, ii, [300]
• blue-green sunfish, i, 26
  • figure of, i, 27; ii, [350]
• blue parrot-fish, ii, [396]
  • figure of, ii, [394]
  • figure of jaws, ii, [393]
• blue sharks, i, 534, 542
• blue smelt,
  • figure of, ii, [218]
• blue-spotted guativere, ii, [324]
• blue surf-fish, ii, [375]
• blue tang, ii, [408]
  • figure of, ii, [407]
• Blyth, i, 396
• boarfishes, ii, [135], [398]
• bobo,
  • figure of, ii, [222]
• boccaccio, ii, [429]
• Bocage, i, 414
• Bocourt, i, 412
• Bodianus, i, 207, 271; ii, [388]
• boga, ii, [347], [348]
• Bogoslovius, ii, [541]
• Bohr, i, 97
• Boleophthalmus, ii, [465]
  • figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
• Boleosoma, i, 302; ii, [313]
• Bollman, i, 420
• Boltenia, i, 475
• Bombay-duck, ii, [131]
• bonaci-arará, ii, [325]
• bonaci-cardenal, ii, [325]
• Bonaparte, i, 412
• bones of the fish,
  • actinosts, i, 42
  • alisphenoid, i, 38, 39, 40, 53
  • anal fin, i, 48
  • angular, i, 42, 43, 54
  • articular, i, 42, 43, 54
  • basibranchial, i, 46
  • basihyal, i, 42, 45
  • basioccipital, i, 36, 38, 39, 40, 53
  • basisphenoid, i, 36, 38, 39, 53
  • branchiostegals, i, 42, 45
  • carpals, i, 51
    • of anglers, i, 51
  • caudal fin, i, 48
  • caudal vertebræ, i, 48
  • ceratobranchial, i, 46
  • ceratohyal, i, 42, 45
  • clavicle, i, 42, 50, 52
    • figured, i, 52
  • coracoid, i, 50, 51
    • of cranium, i, 39
  • dentary, i, 42, 43, 54
  • dorsal fin, i, 48
  • epihyal, i, 42, 45
  • epibranchial, i, 46
  • epioccipital, i, 36
  • epiotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
  • epipleurals, i, 48
  • ethmoid, i, 36, 37, 53
  • exoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
  • frontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
  • glossihyal, i, 42
  • hæmal spine, i, 48
  • hæmaphysis, i, 48
  • hyoid arch, i, 42
  • hyomandibular, i, 42, 44, 54
  • hypercoracoid, i, 42, 52
  • hypobranchial, i, 46
  • hypocoracoid, i, 42, 43, 52
  • hypural, i, 48, 49
  • infraclavicle, i, 51
  • interclavicle, i, 51
  • interhæmals, i, 49
  • interhyal, i, 42, 45
  • interneural, i, 48
  • interopercle, i, 42, 45, 54
  • interspinals, i, 49
  • isthmus, i, 45
  • maxillary, i, 41, 42
  • mesopterygoid, i, 41, 42
  • metapterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
  • nasal, i, 42, 53
  • neural spine, i, 48
  • neuropophysis, i, 48
  • opercle, i, 42, 54
  • opisthotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
  • palatine, i, 41, 42, 54
  • parapophysis, i, 48
  • parietal, i, 36, 37, 39, 40, 53
  • parsasphenoid, i, 36, 38, 53
  • pectoral fin, i, 42
  • pelvic girdle, i, 42
  • pharyngeals, i, 46, 47
    • figure of, i, 47
    • lower, i, 46
    • suspensory, i, 46
    • upper, i, 46
  • postclavicle, i, 42, 51
    • figured, i, 52
  • postero-temporal, i, 50
  • post-temporal, i, 42, 52
  • prefrontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
  • premaxillary, i, 42
  • preopercle, i, 42, 54
  • preorbital, i, 41, 42
  • prootic, i, 36, 38, 53
  • proscapula, i, 50
  • pterotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53
  • pterygials, i, 51
  • pterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54
  • quadrate, i, 42, 43, 54
  • ribs, i, 48
  • scapula, i, 50
  • shoulder-girdle, i, 42, 50, 51, 52
  • sphenotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
  • subopercle, i, 42, 54
  • suborbital, i, 42
  • supraclavicle, i, 42, 50
  • supraoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
  • suprascapula, i, 50
  • supratemporal, i, 42, 50
    • figured, i, 51
  • symplectic, i, 42, 54
  • urohyal, i, 42, 54
  • ventral fin, i, 42
  • vomer, i, 36, 37, 38, 53
  • zygapophysis, i, 48
• bonito, ii, [264]
• bonnaterre, i, 397
• bony fish, i, 204, 454, 506; ii, [37]
  • classification of, ii, [38]
  • development of, i, 135
  • figure of, ii, [438]
  • specialized, figured, i, 456
• bony scales, i, 21
• Boops, i, 260, 267; ii, [348], [350]
• Borassus, ii, [367]
• Borelli, i, 390
  • on air-bladder, i, 95
• Boreogadus, ii, [537]
• botolism, i, 183
• Bothinæ, ii, [487]
• Bothriocephalus, i, 345
• Bothriolepis, i, 577
• Bothus, ii, [486]
• Botryllidæ, i, 476
• Botryllus, i, 476; ii, [545]
  • figure of, i, 477, 478, 479
• bottle-nosed chimæra,
  • eggs of, figured, i, 127
• Bougainville, i, 395
• Boulenger, i, 360, 364, 370, 414, 428, 513, 600, 601, 606, 608, 609; ii, [41], [48], [128], [129], [136], [138], [158], [190], [485], [502], [522], [551]
  • on Archipterygium, i, 79
  • on Galaxias, ii, [205]
  • catalogue of fishes, i, 402
  • on opahs, ii, [243]
  • portrait of, i, 403
  • on vertebræ, i, 213
  • on zooid fishes, ii, [245]
• Bovichthyidæ, ii, [502]
• bowfin, i, 290, 440; ii, [33], [34]
  • figure of, ii, [35]
  • tail of, figured, i, 82
• Bowring,
  • on noises by fishes, i, 168
• Brachydirus, i, 590
• Brachyistius, ii, [375]
• Brachymystax, ii, [62], [67]
• brain,
  • of chimæra, i, 410, 411
  • figures of, i, 110, 111
  • Günther on, i, 109
  • in hagfish, i, 112
  • of lamprey, i, 112
  • of perch, i, 111
  • of pike, i, 109
  • of primitive fishes, i, 112
  • reflex action of, i, 153
  • of shark, i, 110, 111
• Brama, ii, [135], [286]
• Bramidæ, ii, [291]
  • family of, ii, [286]
• branch herring, ii, [49]
• branchial bones, i, 46
• Branchiostegi, i, 391
• Branchiostoma, i, 34, 35, 120, 383, 483
  • eggs of, i, 131
  • figure of, i, 484
• Branchiostomidæ, i, 484
• Brandt, i, 412
• Branner, i, 415
• Brayton, i, 420
• bream, ii, [163], [167]
• Bregmaceros, ii, [524]
• Bregmacerotidæ, ii, [524]
• Brevoort, i, 416
• Brevoortia, ii, [51]
  • figure of, i, 340; ii, [51]
• brit, ii, [216], [217]
• broad-shad, ii, [347]
• broad-soles, ii, [495]
• Brongniart, i, 427, 428
• brook lamprey,
  • figure of, i, 120, 505
  • larva of, figured, i, 492
  • mouth of, figured, i, 492
• Brooks,
  • on Appendicularia, i, 480
• brook trout, ii, [99], [107], [108], [110], [113], [115]
  • figure of, ii, [111]
• Brosme, ii, [539]
• Brosmius, ii, [539]
• Brosmophycis, ii, [524]
• Brotula,
  • figure of, ii, [524]
  • blind, figured, ii, [524]
• Brotulidæ, i, 314; ii, [523], [533]
• Brotulids, ii, [39], [524]
• Broussonet, i, 396
• Brown, i, 426
• Browne, i, 389
• brown tang,
  • figure of, i, 181; ii, [408]
• Brünnich, i, 394
• Bryactinus, i, 565
• Brycon,
  • figure of, ii, [162]
• Bryostemma,
  • figure of, ii, [511], [514]
• Bryttosus, i, 256; ii, [297], [320]
• buccal cirri, i, 595
• Buchanan,
  • on hunting of Chaca, i, 170
• Buckland, i, 423
  • on soles, ii, [497]
  • on turbot roe, ii, [488]
• Bucklandium, ii, [186]
• budai, ii, [390]
• buffalo-cod, ii, [440]
• Buffalo Creek, i, 309
• buffalo-fish, ii, [160], [172]
  • figure of, ii, [173]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 51
• buffalo sculpin,
  • figure of, ii, [443]
• bulbus arteriosus, ii, [10], [11]
• bullhead, i, 356
• bullhead shark,
  • figure of, i, 526
• bumpers, ii, [276]
• Bunocephalidæ, ii, [184]
• burbot, i, 209; ii, [538]
  • figure of, ii, [539]
• Bürger, i, 414
• butter-fish, ii, [283], [284], [324], [512]
• butterfly fish, i, 440; ii, [381]
  • figure of, i, 143; ii, [402]
• butterfly ray, i, 556
• butterfly sculpin,
  • figure of, i, 288
• caballerote, ii, [335]
• cabezon, ii, [442]
• cabra mora,
  • figure of, i, 20
• cabrilla, ii, [324], [328], [329]
• cachucho,
  • figure of, ii, [337]
• Cælorhynchus,
  • figure of, ii, [541]
• Cæsio, ii, [342]
• cagon de le alto, ii, [337]
• cají, ii, [336]
• Calamoichthys, i, 76, 89, 608
• Calamostoma, ii, [236]
• Calamus, i, 49, 238; ii, [344]
  • figure of, ii, [345], [347]
• calico-bass, ii, [297]
• calico-salmon, ii, [72]
• California lancelet,
  • figure of, i, 484
• California miller's thumb,
  • figure of, ii, [446]
• California hake,
  • figure of, ii, [540]
• California pampano, ii, [283]
• California sucker,
  • figure of, ii, [174]
• Callbreath,
  • on running of salmon, ii, [86]
• Callechelys, ii, [150]
• Callichthyidæ, ii, [185]
• Callichthys, i, 290
• calling the fishes, i, 167, 168
  • in Indian temples, i, 167
  • in basins of Tuileries, i, 167
• Callionymidæ, ii, [506]
• Callionymus, i, 246, 257, 259, 263, 393, 500, 504
• Callipterygidæ, ii, [501]
• Callipteryx, ii, [501]
• Calliurus, i, 302
• Callorhynchus, i, 565, 566
  • egg of figured, i, 127
• Callorhinus, ii, [537]
• Calotomus, ii, [390], [391]
• Camper, i, 389
• Campostoma, ii, [164]
  • figure of, i, 33; ii, [167]
• Campyloprion, i, 529
• candil, ii, [255]
• candle-fish, ii, [124]
• Canestrini, i, 412
• Canobius, ii, [14]
• Canthidermis, ii, [413]
• Canthigaster, i, 206
• Cantor, i, 416
  • on fighting-fish, i, 163
• Cape of Good Hope,
  • as barrier, i, 269
• capelin,
  • figure of, ii, [126]
• capello, i, 414
• capitaine,
  • figure of, ii, [387]
• Capros, ii, [135], [398], [400]
• Caracanthidæ, ii, [438]
• Carangidæ, i, 144, 149, 210; ii, [15], [278], [470]
  • family of, ii, [272]
• Carangopsis, ii, [278]
• Carangus, i, 169, 324; ii, [275], [276], [285]
• Carapidæ, ii, [522]
• Caraproctus, ii, [455]
• Carapus, ii, [520], [522]
• Carassius, ii, [171]
  • figure of, i, 151
• Caranx, ii, [245], [275], [470], [542]
• Carboniferous,
  • fishes, i, 437
  • sharks, i, 224
• Carcharias, i, 447, 534, 543; ii, [468]
  • figure of, i, 542
• Carchariidæ, i, 532, 534, 540, 542, 543
• carcharioid sharks, i, 540
• Carcharodon, i, 538
• Carcharopsis, i, 522
• cardenal, ii, [316]
• cardiform teeth, i, 29
• cardinal fishes, the, ii, [316]
  • figure of, i, 455; ii, [316], [319]
• cardinal vein, i, 108
• Carencheli, ii, [140], [153], [155]
• caribe,
  • Günther on, ii, [161]
• carnivorous fishes, i, 29
• carp, i, 21, 53, 93, 290; ii, [162], [164]
  • air-bladder of, figured, ii, [160]
  • native of China, ii, [170]
  • domestication of, ii, [170]
• Carpiodes, i, 302
  • figure of, ii, [173]
• carp-sucker,
  • figure of, ii, [173]
• carrying eggs in mouth, i, 170-173
  • by catfish, i, 170
• casabe, ii, [276]
• Cassiquiare,
  • Branner on, i, 307
  • crossing by fishes, i, 307
• Castelnau, i, 415
• Castour, i, 396
• Castro,
  • photograph by, ii, [522]
• catadromous fishes, i, 162, 291; ii, [143]
• Catalina flying-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [214]
• catalineta, ii, [341]
• Catalogue,
  • of Panama fishes, i, 272
• catalufa de lo alto,
  • figure of, ii, [289]
• catalufa, ii, [288], [333]
  • figure of, ii, [331]
• Catesby, i, 389
• catfish, i, 4, 20, 53, 119, 122,128, 169, 290, 440; ii, [159], [160], [177]-187
  • African, ii, [185]
  • channel, ii, [179]
  • clavicle in, i, 87
  • Cope on, i, 180
  • descent from, ii, [186]
  • destroyed by lampreys, i, 357
  • electric, ii, [183]
  • electric, figured, i, 186
  • fossil, ii, [186]
  • of India, ii, [184]
  • Japanese, ii, [183]
  • Old World, ii, [182]
  • poison glands of, i, 180
  • poison spine of, i, 179
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 86
  • spines of, i, 179
  • transfer to Sacramento, i, 310
• Catopteridæ, ii, [16]
• Catopterus, ii, [16]
• Catostomidæ, i, 46, 290; ii, [172], [175]
  • family of, ii, [171]
  • figure of, i, 315
• Catostomus, i, 198, 283, 302, 304, 316, 346; ii, [56]
  • figure of, i, 348; ii, [171]
  • pharyngeal teeth of, ii, [175]
• cat shark, i, 533
• Catulus, i, 533
• caudal fin, i, 10
• caudal lancet, ii, [409]
• Caularchus,
  • figure of, i, 198, 531
• Caulolatilus, ii, [362]
• Caulolepis, ii, [252], [253]
• Caulophryne,
  • figure of, i, 276, 548
• causes of dispersion, i, 318
• cavalla, ii, [266], [272]-292
• cavefish, ii, [201], [523], [524]
  • Eigenmann on, ii, [524]
  • figure of, i, 117
• Cebedichthys, ii, [512]
• Centaurus,
  • larva of figured, i, 143
• centers of distribution, i, 244
• Centrarchidæ, i, 209, 232, 290; ii, [304], [320], [327], [380]
  • family of, ii, [297]
• Centrarchus, i, 302; ii, [297]
• Centriscidæ, ii, [227], [235]
  • family of, ii, [234]
• Centriscus, i, 393; ii, [235]
• Centrogenys, ii, [320]
• Centrolepis, ii, [14]
• Centrolophiidæ, ii, [283]
• Centrolophius, i, 260; ii, [286]
• Centrophoroides, i, 546
• Centrophorus, i, 546
• Centropomidæ, ii, [319]
• Centropomus, i, 271, 273; ii, [309]
  • figure of, i, 324; ii, [319]
• Centropristes, i, 136; ii, [328], [329]
  • eggs of, figured, i, 135
• Centroscymnus, i, 546
• Centrolabrus, ii, [387]
• Cephalacanthidæ, i, 208
  • family of, ii, [458]
• Cephalacanthus, ii, [458]
  • figure of, ii, [456]
• Cephalaspidæ, i, 576, 623
• Cephalaspis, i, 444, 569, 571
  • figure of, i, 576, 577, 579
• Cephalopholis, ii, [324], [325]
• Cephaloscyllium, i, 197
• Cepola, i, 260, 264, 393; ii, [363]
• Cepolidæ, the, ii, [363]
• Ceratacanthus, ii, [414]
• Ceratias,
  • figure of, ii, [548]
• Ceratiidæ, i, 276
• Ceratobatis, i, 560
• Ceratocottus, ii, [443]
• Ceratodontidæ, i, 600, 612
  • family of, i, 613
• Ceratodus, i, 77, 85, 613-616
• Ceratoscopelus,
  • figure of, ii, [133]
• Ceratiidæ, ii, [547]-549
• Cerdale, i, 271
• Cerdalidæ, ii, [516]
• cestodes, i, 344
• Cestraciont shark, i, 526, 527, 530
  • Eastman on, i, 529
  • teeth, figured, i, 527
• Cestraciontes, i, 438, 519, 566
  • Eastman on, i, 529
  • families of, i, 528
  • suborder of, i, 526
  • teeth of figured, i, 527, 529
• Cetomimidæ, ii, [132]
• Cetomimus,
  • figure of, ii, [132]
• Cetorhinus,
  • figure of, i, 540
• Cetorhinidæ,
  • family of, i, 539
• Cette, i, 396
• Chaca, i, 170
• Chacidæ, ii, [184]
• Chænobryttus, i, 302; ii, [300]
• Chætobranchus, ii, [381]
• Chætodipterus,
  • figure of, i, 325, 401
• Chætodon, i, 235, 242, 267, 391; ii, [400], [403], [405], [406]
  • figure of, i, 143; ii, [402]
• Chætodontidæ, i, 206; ii, [245], [291], [381], [398], [402], [404], [405]
• Chætodonts, ii, [247]
• Chalacodus, i, 566
• Challenger, the, ii, [60], [130]
• Champsodon, ii, [361]
• Champsodontidæ, ii, [361]
• Chanos, i, 205; ii, [221]
  • figure of, ii, [45]
• Chanidæ,
  • family of, ii, [44]
• Channa,
  • figure of, ii, [370]
• channel bass, ii, [355]
• channel catfish,
  • figure of, i, 280
• channel-cats, the, ii, [179], [182]
• Channomuræna, ii, [153]
• Chanoides, ii, [44]
• Chapala Lake,
  • fishes of, ii, [216]
• Characidæ, ii, [161], [162]
• Characin, i, 290
• Characinidæ, i, 205, 290; ii, [381]
• Characins, ii, [61], [160]-162, 186
• Characodon, ii, [201]
• characters,
  • of Elasmobranchs, i, 507
  • of species, i, 292
• Charitosomus, ii, [56]
• charr, ii, [67], [99], [107], [114], [122]
• Charlevoix, ii, [64]
• Chasmistes, i, 304, 316; ii, [172]
• Chasmodes, ii, [509]
• Chauliodontidæ, ii, [129]
• Chauliodus,
  • figure of, ii, [129]
• Chaunax, ii, [551]
• Cheilio, ii, [390]
• Cheilinus, ii, [390]
• Cheilodipteridæ,
  • family of, ii, [278]
• Cheilodipterus, ii, [278]
  • figure of, ii, [279]
• Cheiracanthus, i, 517
• Cheirodopsis, ii, [15]
• Cheirodus, ii, [14]
• Cheirolepis, ii, [14]
• Chelidonichthys, i, 260; ii, [456]
• Chelmo, ii, [404]
• Chelonichthyidæ, i, 586
• Chelonopsis, ii, [425]
• Chonerhinus, ii, [419]
• cherna, ii, [324]
• chevron, ii, [89]
• chiasma, ii, [4]
• Chiasmodon, ii, [136]
  • figure of, i, 29; ii, [360]
• Chiasmodontidæ, ii, [215], [360]
• Chilobranchidæ, ii, [141]
• Chilomycterus,
  • figure of, ii, [423]
• Chiloscyllium, i, 56, 533
  • pectoral fin of, i, 66
• Chimæra, i, 23, 35, 85, 204, 393, 435, 437, 448, 507, 509, 512-514, 545, 561-567, 595, 610
  • of California, i, 564
  • Dean on, i, 563
  • figure of, i, 449, 564, 565
  • Parker on, i, 563
• Chimæridæ,
  • family of, i, 564
• Chimæroids, i, 224, 583
• Chimæropsis, i, 566
• China fish,
  • snake-headed, ii, [371]
• Chinese whitebait, ii, [127], [128]
• chinook, ii, [69]
• chirivita, ii, [405]
• Chirocentridæ, ii, [46]
• Chirocentrus, ii, [46], [48]
• Chirolophis, ii, [512]
• Chiropterygium, i, 600, 605
• Chirostoma,
  • figure of, i, 329; ii, [217]
• Chirothricidæ, ii, [133]
• Chirothrix,
  • figure of, ii, [46], [134]
• chisel-mouth, ii, [169]
• Chlamydoselachidæ,
  • family of, i, 525
• Chlamydoselachus, i, 361, 447, 448, 509, 521, 536
  • figure of, i, 523
• Chlarias, i, 98, 290; ii, [186], [187]
  • figure of, i, 457; ii, [185]
• Chlariidæ, ii, [184], [185]
• Chlevastes, ii, [150]
  • figure of, i, 232
• Chloropthalmus, i, 260; ii, [130]
• Chloroscombrus, ii, [276]
• chochouwo, ii, [403]
• chogset, ii, [387]
• Chologaster, i, 203, 204, 223
  • Eigenmann on, ii, [203]
  • figure of, i, 116; ii, [201]
  • Garman on, ii, [202]
  • Hoppin on, ii, [203]
• Chondrenchelys, i, 521
• Chondropterygians, i, 508
• Chondropterygii, i, 391
• Chondrostei, i, 623, 624; ii, [2], [5], [13]
  • order of, ii, [17]
• Chondrosteidæ, ii, [17], [18]
• Chondrosteus, i, 622
• Chonerhinidæ, ii, [419]
• Chopa, ii, [344], [350]
  • figure of, ii, [349]
• Chordata, i, 460
• Chordate animals, i, 460
  • lowest forms figured, i, 465
• Chordates, i, 508, 584, 597; ii, [1]
• Chorisochismus, ii, [531]
• Chriodorus, ii, [212]
• Chromides,
  • suborder of, ii, [380]
• Chromis, i, 166; ii, [381]
• Chrondrosteus,
  • figure of, ii, [18]
• Chrosomus, i, 304; ii, [164], [167]
• chub, ii, [118], [147], [163]
  • figure of, ii, [169]
  • of Great Basin, ii, [169]
  • of Pacific, ii, [169]
• chub of Great Basin,
  • figure of, i, 287
• chub-mackerel, i, 94
• chub-sucker, i, 292
  • figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
• chum, ii, [72]
• cichla, ii, [380]
• Cichlasoma, ii, [381]
• cichlid, i, 290
• Cichlidæ, i, 209, 290; ii, [380], [381]
  • organs of smell in, i, 115
• cigar-fish, ii, [274]
• ciguatera, i, 182-185; ii, [335], [411], [413]
• Cimolichthys, ii, [133]
• Ciona, i, 481
• Cirrhilabrus, ii, [390]
• Cirrhitidæ, the, ii, [363], [426]
• Cirrhitus, i, 271
  • figure of, ii, [364]
• Cirrostomi, i, 482, 595
• cisco, ii, [65]
• Citharichthys, i, 274; ii, [489]
• Citharinus, ii, [162]
• Citula, i, 202; ii, [276]
• Cladistia, i, 602
  • order of, i, 605
• Cladodontidæ, i, 520, 522
• Cladodus, i, 65, 80, 437
  • pectoral fin of, i, 521
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 521
  • teeth of, figured, i, 522
• Cladoselache, i, 64, 66, 79, 80, 437, 446, 448, 510, 571, 573, 623
  • Dean on, i, 518
  • figure of, i, 65, 514, 515
  • primitive character of, i, 514
  • teeth of, figured, i, 515
  • ventral view of, i, 515
• Cladoselachidæ, i, 514
  • family of, i, 523
• clam-cracker, i, 556
• Clark,
  • on eulachon, ii, [125]
• Clarke, i, 416
• claspers, i, 124, 125
• classification,
  • Coues on, i, 370
  • of Elasmobranchs, i, 509, 510
  • of fishes, i, 367-386
  • of instincts, i, 154
  • morphological, i, 371
  • natural, i, 370
  • terms used in, i, 462
• Clastes,
  • Eastman on, ii, [32]
• Clavellinidæ, i, 475
• clavicle,
  • figure of, i, 87
  • of sea catfish, i, 87
• Claypole, i, 426
  • portrait of, i, 409
• cleavages, i, 135
• Clepticus, ii, [388]
• Clidoderma, ii, [494]
• Climatius, i, 446
  • figure of, i, 518
• climbing-fish, ii, [367]
• climbing-perch,
  • figure of, ii, [366]
• clingfish, ii, [529]
  • figure of, i, 198; ii, [531]
  • Günther on, ii, [529], [530]
  • sucking-disk in, i, 198
• Clinocottus, ii, [448]
• Clinton, ii, [64]
• Clinus, i, 208; ii, [507], [511], [513], [516]
• Cloquet, i, 397
• Cloudy Bay cod, ii, [520]
• Clupanodon, ii, [53]
• Clupea, i, 204, 329, 391
  • figure of, i, 331, ii, [49]
• Clupeidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, [49], [52], [53]
• clupeiform, ii, [11]
• clupeoid, ii, [10]
• Clupeidea, the, ii, [41]
• coalfish, i, 209; ii; 438, 537
• Coal measures,
  • fishes of, i, 223
  • teeth found in, i, 65
• Costa, i, 412
• coast lines,
  • effect on distribution, i, 248
• cobbler-fish, ii, [276]
• cobia, ii, [282]
• Cobitidæ, ii, [175], [185]
• Cobitis, i, 391; ii, [176]
• Cobitopsidæ,
  • family of, ii, [224]
• Cobitopsis,
  • figure of, ii, [224]
• Coccoderma, i, 605
• Coccosteans, i, 581
• Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586
• Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623
  • figure of, i, 582
• cochino, ii, [413]
• Cochliodontidæ, i, 530
  • family of, i, 531
• Cochliodus,
  • lower jaw figured, i, 531
• cock-and-hen paddle, ii, [453]
• cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, [472]
• cockeye pilot,
  • figure of, ii, [382]
• Coccolepis, ii, [14]
• cod, ii, [51]
• codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, [481], [501], [532], [533]
  • figure of, i, 331; ii, [535]
  • Gill on, ii, [534]
  • Goode on, ii, [534]
  • pectoral fin of, i, 66
  • reproduction of, ii, [535]
  • Sars on, ii, [535]
• codling, ii, [538]
• Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605
• Cœlacanthus,
  • figure of, i, 604
• Cœlolepia, i, 573
• Cœlodus, ii, [22]
• Cœlolepidæ, i, 573
• coho, ii, [72]
• collection of fishes, i, 429-434
  • by explosives, i, 430
  • by poison, i, 430
  • tackle for, i, 430
• Collett, i, 408, 427
  • portrait of, i, 403
• Collie, i, 564
• Collins,
  • on catastrophe to tilefishes, ii, [362]
  • on halibut, ii, [490]
• Cololabis, ii, [212]
• Colocephali, ii, [140]-142, 153
  • suborder of, ii, [152]
• Colomesus, ii, [421]
• Colorado trout,
  • figure of, ii, [106]
• colors of fishes, i, 226-236
  • of coral-fishes, i, 235
  • fading of, in spirits, i, 235
  • intensity of, i, 232
  • nuptial, i, 230
  • protective, i, 226-229
  • sexual, i, 230
  • variation of, i, 235
• Columbia,
  • figure of, ii, [242]
• Comephoridæ, the, ii, [455]
• Comephorus, ii, [524]
• Commerson, i, 395
• commissure, i, 112
• common eel,
  • figure of, ii, [143]
• common skate,
  • figure of, i, 552
• common sucker,
  • figure of, ii, [174]
• common sunfish,
  • figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, [301]
• conceptions of genus, i, 375
• Conchopona, i, 613
• conclusions,
  • of Cope on dispersion, i, 286
  • of Evermann, i, 274
  • of Hill, 277-279
  • as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269
  • of Jenkins, i, 274
• conger eels, ii, [149], [151]
  • figure of, ii, [150]
• Congiopodidæ, ii, [436]
• Congiopus, ii, [436]
• Congo River,
  • fishes from, i, 78, 607
• Congriopus, ii, [514]
• Congrogadidæ, ii, [519]
• Connoly,
  • on calling fishes, i, 168
• Conocara, ii, [60]
• Conodontes, i, 487
  • figure of, i, 488
• Conorhynchus, i, 128
• constantino, ii, [320]
• Cooper, i, 419
  • on long-jawed goby, ii, [463]
• Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, [1], [4], [13], [24], [35], [56], [159]
  • on classification, i, 406
  • conclusions of, 286
  • on dispersion, i, 286, 287
  • on eels, ii, [139]
  • on fossil forms, ii, [32]
  • on isocercal tail, i, 84
  • on ostracophores, ii, [569]
  • portrait of, i, 407
  • sketch of, i, 406
• Copeland, i, 420
  • portrait of, i, 421
• Copelandellus, ii, [315]
• Coquille, i, 408
• coracoid, i, 88, 90
• coraco-scapular, i, 87
• coral reefs,
  • at Apia, figured, i, 234
  • fishes of, i, 235, 297
  • fish life in, i, 215
• Corax,
  • teeth of, figured, i, 543
• Coregoni, ii, [67]
• Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, [62], [65], [439]
  • figure of, i, 321; ii, [63]
• Coreoperca, ii, [320]
• Coris, ii, [390]
• cormorant-fishing, ii, [116]-119
  • illustrations of, i, 333, 335
• cornet-fishes, ii, [390]
  • family of, ii, [233]
• Cornide, i, 396
• coronado, ii, [274]
• corpus vestiforme, i, 112
• corsair, ii, [430]
• Corvula, ii, [355]
• Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, [549]
  • figure of, i, 188
  • luminous bulb in, i, 188
• Coryphæna, i, 210, 391
  • figure of, ii, [287]
• Coryphænidæ,
  • family of, ii, [286]
• Coryphænoides,
  • figure of, i, 83; ii, [541]
  • leptocercal, tail of, i, 83
• Coryphopterus, ii, [462]
• Corythroichthys, ii, [236]
• Costa, i, 412
• Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, [363], [442], [449], [453], [455], [501], [504], [525]
  • family of, i, 441
  • fossil forms, i, 449
• Cottocomephorus, ii, [525]
• Cottogaster, i, 300
• Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, [441], [447], [449]
• Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, [443], [445], [449]
  • figure of, ii, [444], [445], [446]
• Couch, i, 410
  • on fighting-fish, i, 165
  • on skippers, ii, [21]
• Coues,
  • on classification, i, 368
  • on meaning of species, i, 379
  • on synonymy, i, 374
• cowfish,
  • figure of, i, 373; ii, [416]
  • skeleton of figured, i, 215; ii, [418]
• cow's tongue, ii, [497]
• crab-eater, ii, [282]
• Cragin, i, 171
• craig-fluke, ii, [494]
• Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422
• cramp-fishes, i, 554
• cranial nerves,
  • figure of, i, 111
• Craniomi,
  • suborder of, ii, [456]
• Craniotes, i, 588
• cranium,
  • bones of, i, 36-39
  • inferior view, i, 38
  • lateral view, i, 36
  • posterior view, i, 40
  • of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39
  • of Sebastolobus, i, 53
  • superior view, i, 37
• crappie, ii, [168], [297]
  • figure of, ii, [297]
  • photograph of, ii, [298]
• Cratinus, i, 271
• cravo, ii, [244]
• crawl-a-bottom, ii, [312]
• crayfish, ii, [147]
• creek fish,
  • figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
• Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, [387]
• creole-fish, ii, [328], [329]
• Crescent lake trout, ii, [101]
• Cricodus, i, 603
• Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, [508], [513]
• Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, [62], [115]
  • figure of, ii, [114]
• croaker, ii, [353], [355]
• Cromeriidæ, ii, [56]
• cross-bow shooter, ii, [413]
• Crossognathidæ, ii, [215], [521]
  • family of, ii, [224]
• Crossopholis, ii, [21]
• Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602, 623, 624; ii, [38]
  • figure of, i, 451
  • fins of, i, 601
• Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608
• crustacean parasites, i, 340
• Cryptacanthididæ, ii, [516]
• Cryptacanthodes,
  • figure of, i, 516
• Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, [462]
• Cryptopsaras,
  • figure of, ii, [547]
• Cryptotomus,
  • figure of, ii, [391]
• crystal darter,
  • figure of, ii, [313]
• crystal goby, ii, [466]
• Crystallias,
  • figure of, i, 218; ii, [454]
• Crystallogobius, ii, [466]
• Ctenochætus, ii, [409]
• Ctenodentex, ii, [340]
• Ctenodipterini,
  • order of, i, 612
• Ctenodontidæ, i, 613
• Ctenodus, i, 613
• ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, [39]
• Ctenoidei, ii, [39], [209]
• Ctenolabrus, ii, [387]
• Ctenolates, ii, [320]
• Ctenoptychius, i, 555
• Ctenothrissa,
  • figure of, ii, [48]
• Ctenothrissidæ,
  • figure of, ii, [48]
• cuatro ojos, ii, [194]
• Cuban fishes, i, 314
• cubero, ii, [335]
• cuboid, i, 19
• cub-shark,
  • figure of, i, 542
• cuckold, ii, [417]
  • figure of, i, 373; ii, [416]
• cucugo, ii, [413]
• cultus cod, ii, [442]
  • figure of, ii, [440]
• Cunias, i, 541
• cunner, ii, [387]
• Cunningham,
  • on eye of flounder, i, 176
• Curimatus, ii, [162]
• cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, [539]
  • figure of, ii, [520]
• cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, [267]
  • figure of, ii, [268]
  • species of, ii, [472]
• cutthroat trout, ii, [95]-97, 102, 104, 106
• Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, [39], [307]
  • Günther on, i, 400
  • Lyman on, i, 401
  • portrait of, i, 399
• Cycleptus, ii, [173]
• Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593
  • subclass of, i, 591
• Cyclobatis, i, 557
• Cycloganoidei, ii, [34]
• cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, [39]
• Cycloidei, ii, [39]
• Cyclopterichthys, ii, [454]
• Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208
  • family of, ii, [453]
• Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, [453], [455]
  • figure of, i, 220; ii, [454]
• Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543
  • order of, i, 545
• cyclospondylous, i, 49
• cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549
• Cyclostomata, i, 593
• Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617
  • extinct forms, i, 487
• Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584
• Cyclothone, ii, [129]
• Cyclurus, ii, [36]
• Cymatogaster, ii, [376]
  • figure of, i, 125; ii, [372]
• Cymolutes, ii, [390]
• Cymothoa, i, 340
• Cynoglossinæ, ii, [497]
• Cynoglossus, ii, [497]
• Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, [107]
  • figure of, ii, [353]
• Cynthia,
  • figure of, i, 476
• Cynthiidæ, i, 475
• Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, [65], [161], [162], [164]-171
  • fossil forms, ii, [174]
  • species of, ii, [165]
• Cyprinodon, ii, [198], [201]
  • figure of, ii, [196]
• Cyprinodontes, ii, [194]
• Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290
• Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, [170], [174]
• Cypselurus, ii, [213]
  • figure of, i, 157, 440
• Cyrthaspis, i, 575
• Cyttoides, ii, [249]
• Cyttus, ii, [249]
• dabonawa, i, 430
• dace, i, 251; ii, [118], [162], [166], [168]
• Dactylagnus, ii, [506]
• Dactyloscopidæ, ii, [506]
• Dactyloscopus, ii, [506]
• daddy sculpin, ii, [445]
• Dalatias, i, 546
• Dalatiidæ, i, 548
• Daldorf,
  • on capture of Anabas, i, 163
  • on climbing-fish, ii, [367]
• Dale, ii, [539]
• Dallia, i, 51
  • figure of, i, 149; ii, [206]
• Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, [206]
• Damalichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [374]
• damsel-fish, ii, [381]
  • figure of, ii, [382]
• Dapediidæ, ii, [25]
• Dapedium,
  • figure of, ii, [25]
• Dapedoglossus, ii, [56]
• darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, [166], [306], [310]-315
• darter goby,
  • figure of, ii, [462]
• Darwin, i, 408
  • on noises of catfish, i, 168
• daruma-okose, ii, [436]
• Dasyatidæ,
  • family of, i, 555
• Dasyatis,
  • figure of, i, 247, 556
• Dasyscopelus, ii, [133]
• Davis, H. S., ii, [81], [84]
  • on chinook salmon, ii, [85]
• Davis, J. W., i, 426
  • on fossil teeth, i, 525
• Dawson, i, 427, 594
• Day, i, 416; ii, [90], [92], [95]
  • on calling fishes, i, 168
  • on electric eel, i, 170
  • on grayling, ii, [121]
  • on Labyrinthici, ii, [365]
  • on sole, ii, [496], [497]
• day chub,
  • head of, figured, ii, [167]
• dealfish, ii, [477], [480]
  • figure of, ii, [478]
• Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595
  • on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518
  • on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588
  • on Chimæras, i, 563
  • on fin migration, i, 75
  • on fossil forms, i, 422
  • on lateral line, i, 23
  • on lung-fish, i, 618
  • on Ostracophores, i, 571
  • portrait of, i, 417
  • on sharks, i, 511, 531
  • on Teleosts, i, 135
• Deania, i, 546
• deathfish, i, 183
• Death Valley fish,
  • figure of, ii, [199]
• Decapterus, ii, [274]
• decurrent flounder,
  • figure of, i, 441
• deep-sea angler,
  • figure of, ii, [548]
• deep-sea Chimæra,
  • figure of, i, 449
• deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, [129]
• degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218
• degeneration,
  • of eye, i, 220
  • in fishes, i, 54
  • in lamprey, i, 217
  • of structure, i, 216
  • in tunicates, i, 480
• Delaroche, i, 95
• Dekay, i, 418
• Delfin,
  • on hagfishes, i, 489
• Deltistes, ii, [172]
• Deltodus, i, 531
• Dendrodus, i, 603
• dentary, i, 606
• Dentex, i, 94; ii, [338], [340]
• Dercetes, ii, [136]
• Dercetidæ, ii, [136], [137], [158]
• Derepodichthyidæ, ii, [520]
• Derichthyidæ, ii, [155]
• Derichthys, ii, [153]
  • figure of, ii, [156]
• Dermopteri, i, 486
• Desmarest, i, 396
• development, i, 217
  • of bony fishes, i, 135
  • Dean on, i, 135
  • embryonic, i, 133
  • of flounders, i, 144
  • heredity in, i, 134
  • of horsehead-fish, i, 148
  • of paired fins, i, 66
• devil ray,
  • figure of, i, 559
• De Vis, i, 416
• Devonian,
  • fishes, i, 436
  • lamprey, i, 563
  • sharks from, i, 65
• Diabasis, i, 375
• diablo, ii, [552]
• Dialarchus, ii, [448]
• Dialommus, i, 117
• diamond,
  • fishes, ii, [398]
  • flounder, ii, [493]
  • snapper, ii, [337]
• Diaphus, ii, [133]
  • figure of, ii, [132]
• Dibothrium, 345
  • figure of, ii, [103]
• Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, [552]
• Dicentrodus, i, 522
• Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, [321], [330]
• dichotomous rays, i, 596
• Dicranodus, i, 521
• Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565
• Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578
• Dictyopyge, ii, [16]
• Dictyopygidæ, ii, [14]
• Dictyosoma, 512
• Didemnidæ, i, 477
• Didymaspis, i, 576
• Didymodus, i, 521, 525
• Dinematichthys, ii, [524]
• Dinichthyidæ, i, 587
• Dinichthys, i, 587, 589
  • figure of, i, 445, 584
  • jaws of figured, i, 583
• Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394
  • figure of, i, 17; ii, [422]
• Diodontidæ,
  • family of, ii, [422]
• diœcious fishes, i, 124
• diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598
  • Boulenger on, i, 84
  • Dollo on, i, 84
• Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518
• Diplacanthus,
  • figure of, i, 517
• Diplectrum, ii, [329]
• Diplesion,
  • figure of, i, 247; ii, [312]
• Diplodus, ii, [347]
  • figure of, ii, [346]
• Diplognathus, i, 584, 589
• Diplomystes, ii, [178]
• Diplomystidæ, ii, [178]
• Diplomystus,
  • figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, [52]
• Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619
• Diploprion, ii, [327]
• Diplopterus, i, 82, 604
• Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523
• Diplurus, i, 605
• Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, [4]
  • relationship of, i, 609, 610
  • subclass of, i, 609-622
• Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, [3], [8]
  • air-bladder in, i, 101
  • classification of, i, 612
  • ear sac in, i, 120
  • figure of, i, 449
  • pectoral fin in, i, 60
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88
• Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382
• Diptera, ii, [306]
• Dipteridæ, i, 612
• Dipterus, i, 612
  • figure of, i, 437, 449
• Discobatis, i, 553
• Discocephali, ii, [459]-480
  • Gill on, ii, [470]
  • suborder of, ii, [468]
• diseases of fishes, i, 340-358
  • contagious, i, 340
  • parasitic, i, 342
  • remedies for, i, 342
• Dismal Swamp fish,
  • figure of, i, 116; ii, [201]
• dispersion of fishes,
  • Agassiz on, i, 284
  • barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311
  • causes of, i, 318
  • Cope on, i, 286
  • by floods, i, 301
  • of fresh-water fishes, 282-296
  • of river fishes, 297-319
• dissection of the fish, i, 26-33
• Distomidæ, i, 477
• distribution of fishes,
  • affected by coast line, i, 247, 261
  • agency of currents in, i, 242
  • centers of, i, 243
  • determined by temperature, i, 241
  • of fresh-water forms, i, 249
  • general laws of, i, 238
  • of marine forms, i, 245
  • Panama, barrier to, i, 266
  • of shore fishes, i, 263-265
  • Suez, barrier to, i, 266
  • zones of, i, 249, 251, 252
• Ditrema, ii, [375]
• Dittodus, i, 521, 525
• doctor-fish, ii, [408]
• Döderlein, i, 411, 416
• dogfishes, i, 519
  • figure of, i, 545
• dogoro, ii, [381]
• dog salmon, ii, [71]-73, 80, 81
• dog snapper, ii, [336]
• Dolichoglossus, i, 463
• Doliolum, i, 479
• dollar-fish, ii, [283]
• Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, [502]
  • portrait of, i, 413
  • on tail forms, i, 84
• Dolloa, ii, [541]
• Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, [112], [113]
  • figure of, i, 327; ii, [114]
• dolphins, i, 210; ii, [286], [362]
  • figure of, ii, [287]
• Doncella,
  • figure of, i, 297; ii, [180], [396]
• Donovan, i, 410
• dorados, ii, [286]
  • figure of, ii, [287]
• Doras, ii, [183]
• Doratonotus, ii, [388]
• Dormeur,
  • figure of, ii, [460]
• Dormitator,
  • figure of, ii, [461]
• dorsal fin, i, 10, 603
  • figured, i, 49
• Dorosoma, i, 32, 300
  • figure of, ii, [53]
• Dorosomatidæ, ii, [53]
• Dorosomidæ, i, 290
• Doryichthys, ii, [236]
• Dorypteridæ, ii, [14]-16
• Dorypterus, ii, [15], [16]
• Draciscus,
  • figure of, ii, [452]
• Draconetta, ii, [506]
• Draconettidæ, ii, [506]
• dragonets, i, 246; ii, [504]
• drawing net at Milo,
  • photograph of, i, 281
• Drepane, ii, [401]
• Drepanaspidæ, i, 574
• Drepanaspis, i, 570
  • figure of, i, 574
• Drepanidæ, ii, [401]
• Drepaniodus, i, 488
• drum, i, 290
  • figure of, ii, [358]
• duck-billed eels, ii, [150], [151]
• Ductor, ii, [278]
• ducts, i, 28
• ductus cholidechus, i, 32
• Dufosse,
  • on air-bladder, i, 97
• Dugès, i, 90, 420
• Dugunonutatatori, ii, [472]
• Duméril, i, 398, 401
• duodenum, i, 32
• Dussumieriidæ, ii, [52]
• Dussumieria, ii, [52]
• Duverncy, i, 390
• Duymæria, i, 260; ii, [390]
• dwarf,
  • herring, ii, [54]
  • perch, ii, [306]
  • salmon, ii, [117]
  • sunfish, ii, [467]
• Dybowsky, i, 411
• Dynatobatis, i, 553
• Dysommidæ, ii, [150]
• Dytiscus, ii, [144]
• eagle ray,
  • figure of, i, 558
• early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423
• earliest sharks, i, 436, 443
• ear of fish, i, 119-121
• ear sac, i, 119, 120
• ear stones, i, 119
• earthquakes,
  • fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, [137]
• Eastman, i, 427, 428
  • on Cestraciont shark, i, 529
  • on Clastes, ii, [32]
  • on Neoceratodus, i, 619
  • portrait of, i, 425
  • on teeth of Edestus, i, 530
• Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, [344]
  • figure of, ii, [343]
• Ebisus, ii, [323]
• Echeneididæ, ii, [468], [470]
• Echeneis, i, 391; ii, [468], [470], [471]
• Echidna, i, 211; ii, [152], [153]
• Echidnocephalus, ii, [138]
• Echinorhinidæ,
  • family of, i, 547
• Echinorhinus, i, 547
• Echiodon, i, 84
• economic fishes, i, 333
• ectoblast, i, 152
• ectocoracoid, i, 87
• ectoderm, i, 139
• ectopterygoid, i, 606
• Edaphodon, i, 565
• Edestus,
  • teeth of, figured, i, 529
• eel-back flounder,
  • figure of, ii, [494]
• eel-fairs, ii, [142]
• eel-like fishes, ii, [137]-158
• eel-mother, ii, [144]
• eel-pouts,
  • figure of, ii, [518], [519]
• eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, [40], [44], [147], [153], [157]
  • Cope on, ii, [139]
  • Günther on, ii, [141]
  • larva of, figured, ii, [148]
  • migration of, ii, [142]
  • reproduction of, ii, [143]
  • species of, ii, [148]
  • shoulder-girdle in, ii, [142]
  • Woodward on, ii, [140]
• effects on distribution,
  • of shore line, i, 262
  • of temperature, i, 149
• Egerton, i, 423
• Egertonia, ii, [396]
• eggs of fish,
  • artificial impregnation of, i, 150
  • of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127
  • care of, i, 128
  • carrying of, i, 128, 171
  • of Embiotocidæ, i, 127
  • embryo of, i, 128
  • fertilization of, i, 125
  • figures of, i, 127
  • germ disk in, i, 135
  • hatching of, i, 125
  • of herring, i, 125
  • month incubation of, i, 170, 171
  • transportation of, i, 171
• Eichwald, i, 411, 427
• Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, [147], [148], [376]
  • on blind fishes, i, 117, 221, 222; ii, [202], [523]
  • on Nematognathi, ii, [178]
  • photograph by, i, 222
  • portrait of, i, 417
• Eigenmannia, ii, [187]
• eighteen-spined sculpin,
  • figure of, ii, [447]
• Ekström, i, 410
• Elacate, ii, [282], [470], [471]
• Elagatis, ii, [274]
• Elanura,
  • figure of, ii, [444]
• Elasmobranchiates, i, 384
• Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, [7]
• Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589
  • characters of, i, 506-508
  • classification of, i, 507-510
  • ear sac in, i, 120
  • geological distribution of, i, 459
  • notochord in, i, 57
  • subclass of, i, 507
• Elassoma, i, 290; ii, [296], [307], [467]
  • figure of, ii, [295]
• Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, [296]
  • family of, ii, [295]
• elastic spring, i, 96
• Elater, i, 582
• electric catfish,
  • figure of, ii, [183]
• electric cells, i, 553
• electric eel, i, 186; ii, [140]
  • Day on, i, 170
• electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187
• electrophores, ii, [187], [188]
• Electrophoridæ, ii, [187]
• Electrophorus, i, 170, 186
• Eleotrids, ii, [460]
• Eleotris, i, 254
  • figure of, ii, [460]
• Elera, i, 414
• Eleginus, ii, [537]
• elephant sharks, i, 540
  • figure of, i, 565
• Elliott,
  • on trout, ii, [105]
• Elonichthys, ii, [14]
• Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, [35], [41]-44
• Elopopsis, ii, [43]
• Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, [43], [221]
  • figure of, i, 454; ii, [42]
• Embiotoca, i, 404
• Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, [373]
  • Agassiz on, i, 377-379
  • anal fin in, i, 125
  • viviparity of, i, 376, 377
• Emblemaria,
  • figure of, ii, [510]
• embryo, i, 136, 138, 139
• embryology and growth, i, 131-151
• Embolichthys, ii, [522]
  • figure of, ii, [521]
• emerald-fish, ii, [462]
• Emery, i, 412; ii, [480], [481]
• Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, [346], [347]
• Emmydrichthys,
  • figure of, i, 180; ii, [436]
• Empetrichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [199]
• Empo, ii, [137]
• Enantioliparis, ii, [455]
• Enchelurus, ii, [138]
• Enchelycephali, ii, [140], [141], [147], [152]
  • suborder of, ii, [142]
• Enchelynassa, ii, [153]
• Enchelyopus,
  • figure of, ii, [539]
• Enchodontidæ, ii, [136], [137]
• Enchodus, ii, [136]
• Endoskeleton, i, 439
• Enedrias, ii, [512]
• Engraulididæ, ii, [54]
• Engraulis, i, 205; ii, [54]
• Enneacanthus, ii, [301]
• Enophrys,
  • figure of, ii, [443]
• Enoplosidæ, ii, [317]
• Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, [317]
• Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462
  • classification of, i, 464
• entoderm, i, 138
• Entosphenus, i, 490
• entozoa, i, 348
• Eocottus, ii, [449]
• Eomyrus, ii, [150]
• Eopsetta, i, 205; 491
• Eothynnus, ii, [266]
• Epelasmia, ii, [397], [398]
• Eperlanus, ii, [123]
• Ephippidæ, ii, [400]
• Ephippus, i, 268; ii, [400]
• epiblast, ii, [5]
• Epigonichthys, i, 483
• Epigonus, ii, [317]
• Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, [323], [330]
  • figure of, i, 20; ii, [324]-326, 328
• Epiphysis, i, 112
  • figure of, i, 111
• Eptatretidæ, i, 489
• Eptatretus, i, 490
  • figure of, i, 198
• equatorial fishes,
  • specialization of, i, 248
• equatorial zone, i, 251
• Eques, ii, [357]
• Equula, ii, [287]
• Erebus, i, 408
• Ereunias,
  • figure of, ii, [450]
• Ereuniidæ, ii, [449]
• Ericymba,
  • figure of, ii, [165]
• Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, [175]
  • figure of, i, 315; ii, [172]
• Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578
• Erisichthe, ii, [34]
• Erismatopteridæ, ii, [242], [296]
• Erismatopterus, ii, [243]
  • figure of, ii, [242]
• Ernogrammus, ii, [513]
• Erosa, ii, [436]
• Erpetichthys, i, 204
• Erpetoichthys, i, 450
  • figure of, i, 608
• Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, [510]
• Erythrichthys, ii, [347]
• Erythrinidæ, ii, [162]
• Erythrinus, ii, [160]
• escolars, ii, [267], [317]
• Esmarck, i, 410
• Esmeralda, ii, [462]
• esmeralda de mar,
  • figure of, ii, [461]
• Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, [190], [192]
• Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, [190], [194]
  • figure of, i, 328; ii, [192]
• Etelis, i, 262; ii, [338]
  • figure of, ii, [337]
• Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, [310], [315]
  • figure of, i, 231; ii, [314]
• Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, [166], [306], [307], [310]
• ethmoid, ii, [142]
• Etmopterus,
  • figure of, i, 189, 546
• etrumei-iwashi, ii, [52]
• Etrumeus, ii, [52]
• Eucalia, ii, [232]
• Eucitharus,
  • figure of, ii, [488]
• Eucinostomus, ii, [347]
• Eugnathidæ, ii, [26]
• eulachon, i, 321; ii, [19], [125], [126]
  • figure of, i, 320; ii, [124]
• Euleptorhamphus, ii, [212]
• Eumicrotremus, ii, [135]
• Euphaneropidæ, i, 576
• Euphrosen, i, 396
• Eupomotis, i, 283
  • figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, [301]
• European chub,
  • pharyngeals of, i, 48
  • teeth of, figured, ii, [164]
• European lancelet,
  • figure of, i, 120
• European sculpin,
  • figure of, i, 219
• European soles, ii, [496]
• Eurylepis, ii, [14]
• Eurynotus,
  • figure of, ii, [15]
• Eurypharyngidæ, ii, [156]
• Eurypharynx, ii, [156]
• Eurypholis,
  • figure of, ii, [136], [137]
• Euselachii, i, 532
• Eusthenopteron, i, 603
• Eutæniichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [467]
• Euthynotus, ii, [34]
• Evenchelys, ii, [153]
• Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, [160], [162]
• everglade minnow,
  • figure of, ii, [197]
• everglade pigmy perch,
  • figure of, ii, [295]
• Evermann, ii, [69], [100], [103], [354]
  • on Panama fishes, i, 274
  • portrait of, i, 421
  • on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310
• Evermannellidæ, ii, [135]
• Evermannella, ii, [136]
• Eviota, ii, [460], [467]
• evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459
  • Dean on, i, 223
• Exerpes,
  • figure of, i, 276; ii, [511]
• Exocœtidæ, ii, [210], [211], [214]
• Exocœtoididæ, ii, [134]
• Exocœtoides, ii, [133]
• Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, [213]
• Exoglossum,
  • head of, figured, ii, [167]
• Exonautes, ii, [213]
• exoskeleton, i, 20
• Exostoma, ii, [184]
• extension of Indian fauna, i, 267
• exterior of fish, i, 16-25
• external gills,
  • figure of, i, 78, 602
  • Kerr on, i, 76
  • Mauer on, i, 77
  • Orr on, i, 77
  • Rusconi on, i, 77
• extinction of species, i, 240
  • causes of, i, 241
• Eyclesheimer, i, 428
• Eydoux, i, 408
• eye of fish, i, 119
• eye of flounder,
  • in larval stage, i, 174
  • migration of, i, 173-176
  • Williams on, i, 174-178
• eye-of-the-sea, ii, [361]
• Faber, i, 396
• Fabricius, i, 394
• Facciola, i, 412
• factors of extinction, i, 442
• fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235
• fair maid, ii, [344]
• fallfish, i, 311; ii, [167]
• fall-salmon, ii, [80]
• family,
  • definition of, i, 373
• fan-tailed darter, ii, [315]
• Farquhar,
  • on Opah, ii, [244]
• fat cod, ii, [440]
• fat head, ii, [388]
• fatherlasher, ii, [445]
• faunal areas,
  • minor, i, 248
  • of Japanese fishes, i, 257
• faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260
• faunal differences, i, 260, 261
• favorable waters have most species, i, 301
• fear in fishes, i, 163
  • expressions of, i, 165
• Felichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [179]
• fiatola, ii, [283]
• Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, [520]
  • figure of, i, 159; ii, [522], [523]
• Fierasferidæ, ii, [158], [522]
• fighting-fish, ii, [370]
  • of Siam, i, 163
• filefish, ii, [413]-415
  • figure of, i, 182
• filiform, i, 19
• Filippi, i, 412
• finfold, i, 63, 64
  • Balfour's theory of, i, 69
• fin migration,
  • Dean on, i, 75
  • of Heterodontus, i, 75
• finnan haddie, ii, [537]
• fins of fishes,
  • described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25
  • migration of, i, 75
  • morphology of, i, 62-90
  • origin of, i, 62
• fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, [39]
  • of Hybodus, i, 528, 529
  • of Onchus, figured, i, 509
• Fischer,
  • on fishes of Panama, i, 275
• Fish Commission,
  • fish stocking by, i, 346
• fisheries,
  • economic, i, 337
  • salmon, i, 81, 87
• fishes,
  • in action, i, 11
  • adaptation to environment, i, 156
  • affection of, i, 167
  • affected by temperature, i, 149
  • age of, i, 144, 146
  • air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93
  • alimentary canal in, i, 31
  • anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291
  • anger of, i, 165
  • in aquaria, i, 150, 165
  • blood of, i, 11
  • body form of, i, 16
  • bones of, i, 10
  • bony, i, 454, 506
  • brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112
  • breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103
  • of British Museum, i, 402
  • burrowing of, ii, [463], [465]
  • care of eggs by, i, 128
  • catadromous, i, 162, 291
  • catalogues of, i, 402
  • channel, i, 291
  • circulatory organs of, i, 26
  • classification of, i, 367-386
  • of Coal Measures, i, 223
  • collecting of, i, 429
  • color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236
  • conditions of life of, i, 215
  • of coral reefs, i, 235
  • currents affecting, i, 243, 244
  • deep sea, i, 408
  • definition of, i, 3
  • degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, [547]
  • digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26
  • diœcious, i, 124
  • dispersion of, i, 318
  • diseases of, i, 340-358
  • dissection of, i, 26, 27
  • distortion in, i, 129
  • distribution of, i, 237-255, 435
  • domestication of, i, 149, 151
  • ear of, i, 8, 119-121
  • earliest forms of, i, 443
  • eggs of, i, 125-135
  • electric organs of, i, 25; ii, [187]
  • embryology of, i, 131-151
  • evolution in, i, 223, 435-459
  • exterior of, i, 16-25
  • extinct, i, 224
  • eye of, i, 6, 119
  • eye-stalks of, ii, [466]
  • face of, i, 5
  • fins of, i, 9, 10, 24
  • flight of, i, 167
  • flow of blood in, i, 107
  • as food for man, i, 320-339
  • food of, i, 11, 29
  • form of, i, 4
  • fossil, i, 422-428
  • fresh-water, i, 250
  • gall-bladder in, i, 26
  • generalized forms of, i, 224
  • gills of, i, 92
  • growth of, i, 30, 144
  • habits of, i, 152
  • hearing of, i, 8, 119
  • heart of, i, 11, 28, 106
  • herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, [364]
  • hermaphrodite, i, 124
  • homologies of bones in, i, 34
  • hybridism in, i, 144
  • instincts of, i, 154
  • intestines of, i, 33
  • intromittent organ in, i, 124
  • with jugular fins, i, 456
  • kidneys of, i, 11, 28
  • killed by earthquakes, i, 356
  • Labyrinthine, ii, [365]
  • larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621
  • lateral line of, i, 9
  • life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152
  • lowland, i, 291
  • luminous organs of, i, 188-190
  • lungs of, i, 98
  • measurements of, i, 19
  • migration of, i, 160
  • monstrosities among, i, 151
  • mortality among, i, 357
  • mountain, i, 291
  • mouth of, i, 29
  • muscles of, i, 25
  • mythology of, i, 359
  • naturalization of, i, 150
  • nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, [368]
  • nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, [184], [229]-231
  • noises of, i, 121, 168
  • nostril of, i, 6
  • nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156
  • nutrition organs of, i, 29
  • organs of,
    • locomotion, i, 24
    • phosphorescence, i, 194
    • reproduction, i, 28, 124-130
    • sense, i, 115-123
    • sight, i, 6, 116
    • smell, i, 115
    • taste, i, 121
    • touch, i, 122
  • ovaries, i, 26
  • oviparous, i, 125
  • ovoviviparous, i, 125
  • pain, sense of, in, i, 123
  • parasites of, i, 340-344
  • parasitic, i, 198
  • pectoral limb of, i, 50
  • pelagic, i, 156
  • pineal eye in, i, 111
  • poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, [177], [411], [413], [421], [433],436, 526
  • postembryonic development, i, 132
  • posterior limbs of, i, 53
  • preservation of, i, 431
  • problem of highest, i, 383
  • protection of young by, i, 128
  • pugnacity of, i, 162
  • recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236
  • records of, i, 433
  • scales of, i, 20
  • sensitiveness to change, i, 150
  • sexual modifications in, i, 129
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52
  • skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215
  • specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, [438]
  • spinal cord of, i, 112
  • spineless, i, 25
  • spiral valve in, i, 32
  • tail of, i, 49
  • teeth of, i, 5, 29
  • tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147
  • timidity of, i, 166
  • tongue of, i, 6, 31
  • upland, i, 291
  • variety in tropics, i, 333
  • viscera of, i, 26
  • viviparous, i, 125; ii, [376]
  • voices of, i, 121
  • where found, i, 158, 159
  • zeoid, ii, [245]
• fishes as food, i, 320-339
• fishes of Panama,
  • Evermann on, i, 274
  • Fischer on, i, 275
  • Günther on, i, 272, 273
  • Hill on, i, 277
  • Upham on, i, 276
  • Wright on, i, 275
• fish faunas,
  • genera in, i, 262, 263
  • Indian, i, 267
  • of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259
  • of Mediterranean, i, 259
  • of Panama, i, 267
  • separated by barriers, i, 255-281
• fish fighting, i, 162
• fish god of Japan,
  • figure of, ii, [343]
• fish guano, i, 538
• Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, [147]
• fishing,
  • apparatus for, i, 335
  • for ayu, i, 333
  • for tai, figured, i, 338
  • with cormorants, i, 333, 335
  • methods of, i, 334
• fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, [542]
  • capture of prey by, i, 169
  • figure of, i, 18; ii, [545], [550]
• fish-like vertebrates, i, 34
• fish of Paradise, ii, [369]
• Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, [233], [390]
  • shoulder-girdle of, ii, [227]
• Fistulariidæ, ii, [227]
  • family of, ii, [233]
• Flammeo, ii, [254]
• flashers, ii, [331]
• flatfish family, i, 177; ii, [48]
• flatheads, ii, [441]
• Flesus, ii, [493]
• Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, [242]
• flier, ii, [297]
• flight of fishes, i, 157
• Floeberg, ii, [110]
• Florida jewfish,
  • figure of, ii, [323]
• Florida lion-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [433]
• flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, [483]-485, 488, 493, 494
  • development of, i, 144
  • diamond, ii, [493]
  • eel-back, ii, [493]
  • eyes of, i, 118, 174-178
  • frog, ii, [493]
  • lantern, ii, [488]
  • larval form, i, 176; ii, [483], [484]
  • migration of eye, figured, ii, [484]
  • newly hatched, figured, i, 177
  • osteology of, ii, [484]
  • peacock, ii, [488]
  • pole, ii, [494]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, [2]
  • starry, ii, [493]
  • tail of, figured, ii, [486]
  • vertebræ in, i, 205
  • wide-eyed, ii, [488]
  • wide-eyed, figured, i, 175
  • young, figured, i, 175; ii, [482]
• flower of the surf,
  • figure of, ii, [218]
• flow of blood in fish, i, 107
• flukes, ii, [494]
• flying-fish, ii, [211]-214
  • figure of, i, 157, 341, 440
  • parasites of, i, 342
• flyfish, ii, [429]
• flying gurnard, ii, [456], [458]
  • figure of, i, 457
• flying robin, ii, [458]
• Fodiator,
  • figure of, ii, [213]
• food-fishes,
  • abundance of, i, 329
  • relative rank of, i, 320
• food of lampreys, i, 491
• foolfishes, i, 206; ii, [413]
• Foot-notes to Evolution,
  • reference to, i, 302
• foramen, i, 92
• forelle, i, 327
• Forcipiger, ii, [404]
• Forgy,
  • on oarfish, ii, [473]
• Forbes, i, 419
  • on fish epidemics, i, 340
• formalin,
  • as preservative, i, 432
• Forskål, i, 394
• Forster, i, 395
• fossil capelin, ii, [126], [127]
• fossil darters, ii, [315]
• fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, [48], [52], [53], [56], [174]
  • Agassiz on, i, 422, 423
  • Dean on, i, 422
  • earliest forms, i, 568
  • figure of, i, 436, 454; ii, [47], [59]
  • first period of, i, 423
  • from Green River, ii, [59]
  • morphological work on, i, 427
  • second period, i, 424
  • study of, i, 424
  • third period, i, 427
• fossil gobies, ii, [467]
• fossil herring,
  • figure of, i, 453; ii, [52]
• fossil trout, ii, [62], [118]
• four-eyed fish,
  • figure of, i, 117
• four-spined stickleback,
  • figure of, ii, [232]
• Fowler, i, 422
• fox shark, i, 536
• Frère Jacques, ii, [255]
• fresh-water eels, ii, [149]
• fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, [157], [160], [161]
  • dispersion of, i, 282-296
  • distribution of, i, 249
  • Günther on, i, 249
  • of Japan, i, 256
  • of North America, i, 290
• fresh-water minnows, i, 33
• fresh-water perch,
  • figure of, ii, [373]
• Friar Odoric,
  • on fear in fishes, i, 166
• Fries, i, 410
• frilled shark, i, 361, 516
  • figure of, i, 525
• Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512
• frog,
  • arm of, figured, i, 601
• frogfish, i, 197; ii, [549]
  • figure of, ii, [551]
• frog flounder, ii, [493]
• frostfish, ii, [537]
• Fucus, ii, [512]
• Fullarton, i, 177
• function of lateral line, i, 23
• Fundulus, ii, [194], [199]
  • figure of, i, 198
• fur seal,
  • food of, ii, [127], [537]
• Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, [522], [533]
• Gadopsidæ, ii, [516]
• Gadus, i, 209, 391
  • figure of, i, 331; ii, [533]
• Gazza, ii, [287]
• gaff-topsail cat,
  • figure of, ii, [179]
• Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, [539]
• Gaimard, i, 406
• galafata, ii, [413]
• Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254
  • Boulenger on, ii, [204], [205]
• Galaxiidæ,
  • family of, ii, [204]
• Galei, i, 532
• Galeidæ, i, 540
• Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, [178]
  • figure of, ii, [179]
• Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542
• Galeoid sharks, i, 519
• Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540
• Galeorhinus, i, 454
• Galeus,
  • figure of, i, 541
• gall-bladder, i, 26
• galliwasp, ii, [130]
• galo, ii, [394]
• Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, [199]
• Ganocephala, i, 85, 86
• Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, [2], [3], [13]
• Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii, [1]-36
  • Agassiz on, ii, [9]
  • air-bladder in, i, 109
  • classification of, ii, [13]
  • Gill on, ii, [9]
  • as a group, ii, [4], [9]
• ganoid fish, i, 582
  • figure of, i, 452, 453
• Garden, i, 390
• Garibaldi,
  • figure of, i, 227; ii, [382]
• garfish, ii, [147], [210], [211]
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 59
• Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, [183]
  • on blind fish, ii, [202]
  • on frilled shark, i, 525
  • on Sunapee trout, ii, [109]
• garpike, i, 290; ii, [30]-32
  • figure of, ii, [27]
  • fossil, ii, [32]
  • tail of, i, 82
  • vertebræ of, i, 48
• garrupa, ii, [323]
• gaspergou, ii, [354]
• Gasteronemus, ii, [288]
  • figure of, ii, [289]
• Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290
  • family of, ii, [228], [232]
• Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, [229], [231], [236]
  • Lord on, ii, [230]
  • figure of, ii, [232]
• Gastrostomus,
  • figure of, ii, [156]
• gastrula, i, 131, 132
• Gaudry,
  • on leptocercal tail, i, 84
• Gay, i, 415
• Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601
  • on archipterygium, i, 60
  • on morphology, i, 68
  • on pectoral fin, i, 67
  • theory of, i, 73
• Gempylidæ,
  • family of, ii, [267]
• Gempylus, ii, [267]
• general laws,
  • of development, i, 133
  • of distribution, i, 239
• generalization and specialization, i, 380
• genital organs, i, 124
• genus, i, 375
  • definition of, i, 372
• Genyonemus, ii, [356]
• Genypterus, ii, [520]
• geographical distribution, i, 237-259
  • of sharks, charted, i, 459
• geological evidence of submergence, i, 268
• Geophagus, ii, [381]
• Geotria, i, 491
• Gephyrura, ii, [201]
• Gephyroberyx, ii, [252]
• gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604
  • figure of, i, 85
• German carp, ii, [175]
• germ-cells, i, 124
• Germo, 210; ii, [262], [266]
  • figure of, ii, [263]
• Gerres, i, 271, 273
  • figure of, ii, [349]
• Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, [372]
  • family of, ii, [347]
• Gervais, i, 408
• ghost-fishes, ii, [150], [516]
• giant bass, ii, [324]
• Gibbes, i, 426
• Gibbons, i, 419
  • on Embiotocidæ, ii, [377]
• Gibbonsia,
  • figure of, ii, [508]
• gibbus, ii, [45]
• Gigactinidæ, ii, [551]
• Giglioli, i, 412
• Gila, i, 304; ii, [169]
• Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, [239]
  • on Astroscopus, i, 187
  • on coracoid plate, ii, [206]
  • on flight of fishes, i, 157
  • on island forms, i, 240
  • on larval forms, i, 142
  • portrait of, i, 421
• Gilbertidia, ii, [441], [447], [449]
  • figure of, ii, [451]
• Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, [24], [34], [40], [52], [317], [365], [366], [502], [511]
  • on anglers, ii, [543]
  • on Discocephali, ii, [470], [471]
  • on eels, ii, [143], [156]
  • on high and low forms, i, 383
  • on work of Lacépède, i, 398
  • on New Zealand fauna, i, 252
  • on paired limbs, i, 85
  • portrait of, i, 407
  • on Selachii, i, 509
  • on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89
  • sketch of, i, 405
  • on soles, ii, [496]
  • on swallowers, ii, [360], [361]
  • on tilefish, ii, [361], [362]
• gill,
  • arches, i, 45, 91, 508
  • basket, figured, i, 92, 485
  • covers, i, 44
  • filaments, i, 107
  • offices of, i, 11
  • openings, i, 91
  • rakers, i, 31, 46
  • septum, i, 73
  • slits, i, 508
• Gillellus, ii, [506]
• Gillichthys, ii, [462]
  • figure of, ii, [463]
• Gillicus, ii, [48]
• Ginglymodi, ii, [24], [30]
• Ginglymostoma, i, 533
• Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533
• Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, [378], [379]
• girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86
• Girella, ii, [348]
• gisu, ii, [46]
• gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, [51], [53]
• glacial epoch,
  • effect on dispersion, i, 316
• Glaucosoma, ii, [323], [340]
• Glandiceps, i, 465
• Glanencheli, ii, [187]
• glassy darter, ii, [313]
• glenoid, i, 90
• Glesnæs oarfish, ii, [472]
  • figure of, i, 363
• globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, [419]
  • figure of, i, 244; ii, [422]
• Globulodus, ii, [15]
• Glossobalanus,
  • figure of, i, 464
  • larva of, figured, i, 463
• glut-herring, ii, [50]
• Glyphisodon, i, 267
  • figure of, ii, [383]
• Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, [494]
• Glyptolepis, i, 603
• Glyptopomus, i, 604
• Gmelin, i, 395, 397
• Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, [514]
• Gnathodentex, ii, [341]
• Gnathonemus,
  • figure of, ii, [189]
• Gnathostomata, i, 78
• Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573
• Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570
• Gnathypops,
  • figure of, ii, [359]
• goatfish, i, 198; ii, [351], [379]
  • figure of, i, 122
• gobies, i, 428; ii, [459]
• Gobiesox, ii, [529], [530], [531]
• Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, [306]
  • family of, ii, [459]
• Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, [461], [467]
• Gobio, ii, [167], [175]
• Gobioides, ii, [467]
• Gobioidea, ii, [470]
• Gobioidei, 11, 459-480
  • suborder of, ii, [459]
• Gobiomorus,
  • figure of, i, 160
• Gobionellus, i, 208
  • figure of, ii, [461]
• Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, [462]
• goblin sharks,
  • figures of, i, 535
• goby, i, 290; ii, [462], [466]
• gofu, ii, [434]
  • figure of, i, 229
• goggler, ii, [275]
• golden,
  • shiner, ii, [167]
  • goldsinny, ii, [387]
  • surmullet,
    • figure of, i, 322; ii, [352]
  • trout, ii, [99]
• goldfish, ii, [170], [171]
  • of Japan, i, 151
• Gomphosus, ii, [390]
• Goniistius, ii, [363]
• Goniognathus, ii, [287]
• Gonioplectrus, ii, [323]
• Gonorhynchidæ, ii, [54]-56
• Gonorhynchus, ii, [56]
• Gonostoma, ii, [129]
• Gonostomidæ, ii, [129]
• Gonzalez, i, 414
• Goodea, ii, [199], [201]
  • figure of, i, 126; ii, [200]
  • with young, figured, i, 126
• Goodsira, i, 476
• goody, ii, [356]
• goosefish, ii, [545]
• Gorbuscha, ii, [73]
• Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, [307], [308]
  • on albacore, ii, [267]
  • on American fisheries, i, 335
  • on codfish, ii, [534]
  • estimate of herring product, i, 330
  • on fishing-frog, ii, [545]
  • on habits of mullets, ii, [219], [220]
  • on mackerel, ii, [260], [264], [265]
  • on menhaden, ii, [51]
  • portrait of, i, 407
  • on swordfish, ii, [270]
• Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, [153]
• Gordius, ii, [143], [144]
• Gosfordia, i, 613
• Gosse, i, 415
• Gouan, i, 397
• gatasami, ii, [361]
• Gottsche, i, 428
• goujon, ii, [182]
• gourami, ii, [369]
• gouramy,
  • nest of, i, 167
• Grammicolepidæ,
  • family of, ii, [249]
• Grammicolepis, ii, [249]
• Grammistes, ii, [330]
• grande écaille,
  • figure of, ii, [43]
• Granodus, i, 565
• Grantea, ii, [544]
• Graphiurus, i, 605
• Grassi, i, 428
• grass rockfish, ii, [429]
• Gray, i, 416
• grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, [120]-138
• gray snapper, ii, [335]
  • figure of, ii, [334]
• Great Basin,
  • chub of, i, 287
  • dispersion of fishes in, i, 316
  • fishes of, i, 302
• great blue cat, ii, [180]
• great oarfish, ii, [472]
• Greeley, i, 422
• Green,
  • on Sacramento perch, i, 179
• green-backed trout, ii, [104]
  • figure of, ii, [105]
• green cod, ii, [537]
• Greene,
  • on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, [526]
• greenfish, ii, [348]
• Greenland char, ii, [109]
• Greenland halibut, ii, [491]
• Greenland shark, i, 547
• greenling, ii, [439]
  • figure of, ii, [440]
• green mackerel,
  • figure of, ii, [275]
• Green River shales, i, 205; ii, [52], [57]-59
• green rockfish, ii, [429]
• green-sided darter,
  • figure of, i, 247; ii, [312]
• green wrasse, ii, [387]
• Gregarinidia, i, 242
• grenadier, i, 84; ii, [540]
  • figure of, ii, [541]
• grilse, ii, [91]
• grindle, ii, [35]
• griset,
  • figure of, i, 523
• Gronias, ii, [181]
• Gronovius, i, 390
• groupers, ii, [323]
• grubby, ii, [446]
• grunt, i, 239
  • figure of, ii, [340]
• grunters, ii, [340]
• gruntfishes, i, 121
• Grystes, i, 302
• Guacamaia, ii, [394]
  • figure of, i, 330
• guahu, ii, [266]
• guasa, ii, [323]
• guavina de rio, ii, [459]
  • figure of, ii, [460]
• Guaymas,
  • fishes of, i, 274
• gudgeon, i, 122; ii, [167]
• Guichenot, i, 412, 415
• guipo, ii, [512]
• guitar-fishes, i, 550
  • figure of, i, 551
• gular plate, i, 43; ii, [33]
• Güldenstadt, i, 395
• Gulf Stream, i, 239
  • deep-sea fish of, i, 276
• gulper-eel, ii, [156]
• gulpers, ii, [155]
• gunnel,
  • figure of, ii, [512]
• Gunner, i, 396; ii, [245]
• Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, [3], [95], [135], [161], [183], [229], [371]
  • on archipterygium, i, 60
  • on Barramunda, i, 615
  • catalogue of, i, 402
  • on work of Cuvier, i, 400
  • on deep-sea fishes, ii, [136]
  • on dispersion, i, 289
  • on eels, ii, [141]
  • on electrophores, ii, [188]
  • estimate of eggs by, i, 128
  • on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273
  • on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
  • on month gestation, i, 173
  • on pain in fishes, i, 123
  • on poison glands, i, 180; ii, [527]-529
  • portrait of, i, 403
  • on respiration, i, 91
  • on salmon, ii, [92]
  • on sea-devils, ii, [547]
  • on trout, ii, [94]
  • on variation in vertebræ, i, 210
  • on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251
• gunwale, ii, [512]
• Gurley,
  • on parasitic diseases, i, 342
• gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, [456]
• gurry shark, i, 547
• Gymnarchidæ, ii, [188]
• Gymnarchus, ii, [188]
• Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, [519]
• Gymnocanthus, ii, [448]
• Gymnocephalus, ii, [241], [310]
• Gymnodontes, ii, [398], [411], [418], [422]
• Gymnosarda, ii, [262]
• Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, [152]
  • figure of, i, 458; ii, [154], [155]
• Gymnonoti, ii, [159]-161, 188
  • order of, ii, [187]
• Gymnotidæ, ii, [187]
• Gymnotus, i, 391
• Gyrinidæ, ii, [222]
• Gyrodus,
  • figure of, ii, [22]
• Gyrolepis, ii, [14]
• Gyrosteus, ii, [18]
• Gyroptychius, i, 82
  • figure of, i, 604
• habits of fishes, i, 152
• haddock, ii, [537]
  • figure of, ii, [536]
  • skull of, figured, ii, [536]
• Hadrodus, ii, [22]
• Hadropterus, i, 300
  • figure of, ii, [311]
• haë, ii, [117], [118]
• Hæckel, i, 411, 511
  • on origin of fins, i, 62
• hæmal arch, ii, [6]
• Hæmapophyres, i, 48
• Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, [340], [342], [359]
  • family of, ii, [340]
• Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375
  • figure of, ii, [340]
• hagfishes, i, 28, 488
  • Delfin on feeding of, i, 489
  • egg of, figured, i, 127
  • figure of, i, 199, 489
  • and lampreys, i, 189
• hair-worm, ii, [144]
• hake, ii, [136], [539], [540]
  • isocercal tail of, i, 83
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
• hakone dace, i, 257
• Haldeman, i, 419
• Halec, ii, [33], [136]
• Halecomorphi, ii, [13], [23], [24], [29], [35]
  • order of, ii, [33]
• half-beak,
  • figure of, ii, [212]
• half-moon fish, ii, [350]
• halibut, 128; ii, [149], [489], [491]
  • figure of, i, 332; ii, [492]
  • fishery, ii, [490]
• Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, [180], [388]-390
  • figure of i, 297; ii, [396]
• Halientichthys, ii, [552]
• Hallock,
  • on black bass, ii, [302]
  • on Esox, ii, [192]
• Halosauridæ, ii, [158]
• Halosaurus, ii, [138]
• Hamilton, i, 416
• hammerhead shark, i, 543
  • figure of, i, 544
• Hancock, i, 415
• handsaw-fish, ii, [135]
• Hansen,
  • on Chinook salmon, ii, [85]
• Haplistia, i, 602
• Haplochiton, ii, [128]
• Haplochitonidæ, ii, [129], [204]
• Haplodoci, ii, [499]
  • sub order of, ii, [525]
• Haplomi, i, 405; ii, [34], [40], [41], [129], [188]-207, 224, 250
  • mesocoracoid arch in, ii, [189]
  • ventral fin, i, 67
• Haplopagrus, i, 271
• hard-tails, ii, [169]
• Hardwicke,
  • on affection in fishes, i, 167
• harelip-sucker, ii, [174]
• Harengula ii, [51]
• Harpagiferidæ, ii, [501]
• Harpodon, ii, [131]
• Harrimania,
  • figure of, i, 465
• Harrimaniidæ,
  • family of, i, 465
  • low organization of, i, 465
• Harriottia, i, 199, 566
  • figure of, i, 449
• harvest-fish, ii, [283]
  • figure of, i, 18; ii, [284]
• Hasse, i, 428, 543
  • on Elasmobranchs, i, 509
  • on ossicles, i, 96
  • on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561
• Hasselquist, i, 389
• Hatta, i, 418
• Hauy, i, 397
• Hawaii,
  • fish fauna of, i, 243
• Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, [4] 34, 36
  • on fossil eels, ii, [22]
  • on Pycnodonti, ii, [22]
  • on varieties of sharks, i, 528, 529
• hazé, ii, [118]
• headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206
  • figure of, ii, [424]
  • larva of, figured, i, 143
• headlight-fish,
  • figure of, i, 188; ii, [132]
• Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
  • Linton on, i, 348-350
• heart of the fish, i, 106
• Hector, i, 416
• Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, [429], [432]
• Helicoprion,
  • teeth of, figured, i, 530
• Heller, i, 422
• Helodus, i, 531
• Helostoma, ii, [370]
• Helostomidæ, ii, [370]
• Hemerocœtidæ, ii, [506]
• Hemianthias, ii, [330]
• Hemibranchii, ii, [40], [157], [209], [227]-240
  • sub order of, ii, [227]
• Hemichordata, i, 461
• Hemicyclaspis, i, 576
• Hemiexocœtus, ii, [213]
• Hemigymnus, ii, [390]
• Hemilepidotus, ii, [442]
  • figure of, ii, [443]
• Hemipteronotus, ii, [390]
• Hemiramphus, ii, [214], [268]
  • figure of, ii, [212]
• Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533
• Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, [441]
  • figure of, i, 220; ii, [448]
• Heniochus, ii, [404]
• Henle, i, 405
• Henshall,
  • on black bass, ii, [302]
• Henshaw, ii, [523]
  • photograph by, i, 281
• hepatic sinus, i, 108
• Heptadiodon, ii, [423]
• Heptanema, i, 605
• Heptatrema, i, 490
• Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536
  • pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57
  • skull of, i, 56
  • teeth of, figured, i, 524
• Herald, i, 408
• Herbert,
  • on lake trout-fishing, ii, [115]
• herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, [364]
• Herdmania, i, 474
• hermaphrodite fish, i, 124
• Heros, i, 314; ii, [381]
• Herpetichthys, i, 608
• herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, [33], [38], [43], [46], [49], [52], [73], [123], [159]
  • figure of, i, 331; ii, [48]
  • Goode on, i, 330
  • product of, i, 330
• Hertwig, i, 112
• Herzenstein, i, 411
• Heterandria, i, 314; ii, [194], [201], [467]
• Heterobranchus, ii, [186]
• heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602
  • of Acipenser, figured, i, 80
  • of Amia, figured, i, 82
  • of garpike, figured, i, 82
  • of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82
  • of Salmo, i, 83
  • of sturgeon, figured, i, 80
  • of young trout, i, 83
• Heterocongridæ, ii, [150]
• Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536
  • eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
  • figure of, i, 75, 526
  • lower jaw, figured, i, 526
  • pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57
• Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545
  • family of, i, 527
• Heterognathi, ii, [161], [162]
• Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, [12] 138, 532
  • order of, ii, [157]
• Heteropleuron, i, 483
• Heterostichus, ii, [507]
• Heterosomata, ii, [247], [481]-498
• Heterosteus, i, 586
• Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, [13]
  • order of, i, 573
• Heterotis, ii, [56]
• Hexagrammidæ, ii, [442], [501]
  • family of, ii, [439]
  • organs of smell in, i, 115
• Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, [107], [439]
  • figure of, ii, [440]
• Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528
  • family of, i, 524
• Hexanchus, i, 447, 524
  • figure of, i, 523
• hickory shad,
  • figure of, ii, [53]
• high and low forms,
  • Agassiz on, i, 380, 381
  • Gill on, i, 383
  • Traquair on, i, 381, 382
• Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416
  • portrait of, i, 417
• Hilgendorfia, ii, [455]
• Hill, i, 415
  • conclusions of, i, 277, 279
• Himantolophus, ii, [549]
• hinalea, i, 158
• hingio, ii, [128]
• Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, [45], [46]
  • figure of, ii, [45]
• Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, [45]
• Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, [236]
  • figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, [238]
• Hippoglossinæ, ii, [489]
• Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, [491]
• Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, [489]
  • figure of, i, 332; ii, [492]
• hirondelle, i, 408; ii, [60]
• His, i, 428
• Histiopteridæ, ii, [398]
• Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, [333]
• Histiothrissa, ii, [52]
• history of ichthyology, i, 387-428
• Hoffman, i, 412; ii, [546]
• hog-choker,
  • figure of, ii, [496]
• hogfish, ii, [388]
  • figure of, ii, [387]
• Holacanthus, ii, [403]
  • figure of, ii, [404], [405]
  • skeleton of, figured, i, 214
• Holbrook, i, 419
• Holcolepis,
  • figure of, i, 454; ii, [43]
• Holconoti, ii, [365], [379], [380]
  • suborder of, ii, [372]
• Holconotus, i, 404; ii, [375]
• Holden, ii, [291]
• Holder, ii, [409], [474]
  • on oarfish, ii, [474]
• Holostei, i, 624; ii, [24]
• Holotrachys, ii, [256]
• Hollard, i, 412
• Hollardia, ii, [412]
• Holocentridæ,
  • family of, ii, [253]
• Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, [253], [255]
  • figure of, ii, [254]
• Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567
• Holopterus, ii, [41]
• Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624
• Holoptychius,
  • basal fin of, figured, i, 603
  • dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49
  • figure of, i, 451
• Holostomi, ii, [140], [141]
• Holothurian, ii, [522]
  • Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159
• Holurus, ii, [14]
• Homalopteridæ, ii, [176]
• Hombron, i, 408
• Home, i, 396
• Homistius, i, 586
• homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602
  • figure of, i, 84
  • of flounder, i, 84
• homologies,
  • of bones, i, 34, 35
  • of pectoral limb, i, 85
• Homonotus, ii, [253]
• homoplasy, i, 296
• Homosoma, ii, [283]
• Hooker,
  • on fishes prey of birds, i, 166
• Hoplias, ii, [162]
• Hoplichthyidæ, ii, [441]
• Hoplichthys, ii, [441]
• Hoplopagrus, i, 271
• Hoplopteryx,
  • figure of, i, 438; ii, [253]
• Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, [252]
• Hoppin,
  • on blind fish, ii, [202], [203]
• Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, [144]
• horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, [167]
  • figure of, i, 285; ii, [168]
• horned pout, ii, [35], [180]
  • figure of, ii, [181]
• horned trunkfish, i, 374
  • figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, [416]
• hornfish, ii, [412]
• hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, [418]
  • face view of, i, 379
  • figure of, i, 378; ii, [416]
• horse-eye-jack, ii, [276]
• horsehead-fish, ii, [276]
  • figure of, i, 148
• horse-mackerel, ii, [135]
  • figure of, ii, [274]
• horseshoe-crab,
  • figure of, i, 572
• Houttuyn, i, 394, 416
• how fish cross watersheds, i, 306
• how fishes breathe, i, 91
• how to secure fish, i, 429
• Hoy, i, 419; ii, [64]
• huchen, ii, [106]
• Hucho, i, 253; ii, [62], [106]
  • figure of, ii, [107]
• Humboldt, i, 410
  • on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95
• humpback salmon, ii, [68], [72], [80]
  • figure of, ii, [70], [72]
• humpback sucker, ii, [174]
• humpback whitefish, ii, [65]
• Hutton, i, 416
• Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, [3]
  • on herring product, i, 330
  • on Lepidostei, ii, [23]
• Hybocladodus, i, 522
• Hybodus, i, 528, 529
  • eggs of, figured, i, 527
  • fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529
• Hybopsis, ii, [167]
• hybridism, i, 144; ii, [94]
• Hydrocyon, ii, [162]
• Hydrolagus, i, 564
• Hyodon, i, 302
• Hyoganoidea, ii, [24]
• Hyoganoids, ii, [11]
• hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606
• hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, [7]
  • figure of, i, 56
• Hypamia, ii, [36]
• hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, [1], [12]
• Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593
• Hyperoplus, ii, [521]
• Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593
• Hyperprosopon, ii, [375]
• hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, [12]
• Hypocritichthys,
  • figure of, i, 309; ii, [375]
• Hypohomus, ii, [312]
• Hypophthalmidæ, ii, [185]
• Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, [237]
  • figure of, ii, [329]
• Hyporhamphus, ii, [212]
• Hypostomides, ii, [227]-240
  • suborder of, ii, [239]
• Hypotrema, i, 549
• hypural, ii, [142]
• Hypseleotris, ii, [460]
• Hypsoblennius, i, 242
• Hypsopsetta, ii, [493]
• Hypsurus, ii, [375]
  • figure of, ii, [373]
• Hypsycormus, ii, [34]
• Hypsypops,
  • figure of, i, 227; ii, [382]
• Hyrtl, i, 428
• Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, [374]
  • figure of, ii, [373], [379]
• Icarus, ii, [43]
• icefish, i, 146; ii, [123], [127]
  • figure of, i, 149; ii, [128]
• Icelinus, ii, [442]
• Icelus, ii, [442], [449]
• Icosteidæ, ii, [285]
• Icosteus, ii, [285]
• Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, [179]-181
  • figure of, i, 280
• ichthyized fishes, i, 210
• Ichthyocephali, ii, [140], [141]
• Ichthyodectes, ii, [48]
• Ichthyodectidæ, ii, [48]
• Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566
• ichthyologists,
  • portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516, 525, 545, 561, 599, 601
• ichthyology,
  • Aristotle on, i, 387
  • history of, i, 387-428
• Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446
  • order of, i, 519
  • Parker & Haswell on, i, 520
• Ichthyomyzon, i, 491
• Ichthyopsida, i, 601
• Ichthyosism, i, 183
• Ichthysauroides, i, 586
• Icthyscopus, ii, [503]
• Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, [172]
  • figure of, ii, [173]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 51; ii, [160]
• id, ii, [168]
• Idiacanthidæ, ii, [138]
• Idus, ii, [168]
• igami, ii, [390]
• Ilarches, ii, [400]
• Ilarchidæ, ii, [291], [400], [401]
• Ilarchus, ii, [398]
• Ilisha, i, 271; ii, [52]
• Ilyophidæ, ii, [150]
• imaginary garpike, i, 364
• incisor teeth, figured, i, 31
• inconnu,
  • figure of, ii, [67]
• Indian fauna, i, 267
  • extension of, i, 265
• Indian fish, ii, [405]
• Indian sawfish,
  • figure of, i, 200
• Indian parrot-fish,
  • figure of pharyngeals, ii, [393]
• Indigo damsel-fish
  • figure of, ii, [384]
• infraclavicles, ii, [13]
• infundibulum, ii, [6]
• Iniistius, ii, [389], [390]
• Inimicus, i, 236; ii, [434]
  • figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.
• Iniomi, i, 405; ii, [38], [40], [41], [138], [189], [190], [204], [526]
  • suborder of, ii, [129]
• iniomous fishes,
  • photophores of, i, 189
• instincts in fishes,
  • basis of, i, 154
  • classification of, i, 154
  • of courtship, i, 155
  • heredity in, i, 154
  • of migration, i, 156
  • variability of, i, 155, 156
  • Whitman on, i, 156
• intensity of coloration, i, 232
• interclavicle,
  • Starks on, ii, [227]
• interhæmals, i, 49; ii, [348]
• interneurals, i, 49; ii, [15]
• intestine of fish, i, 33
• intromittent organ, i, 124
• Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
• Ioa, ii, [313]
• Ionoscopus, ii, [36]
• Ipnopidæ, ii, [131]
• Ipnops,
  • figure of, i, 181; ii, [131]
• Irish lord, ii, [442]
  • figure of, ii, [443]
• Irish Pampano,
  • figure of, ii, [349]
• isabelita,
  • figure of, ii, [404]
• Isaciella, i, 270
• isaki, ii, [342]
• Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517
• Ischnacanthus, i, 517
• Ischyodus, i, 565
• ishigakidai, ii, [360]
• Ishikawa, i, 416
• ishinagi, ii, [323]
• Iso,
  • figure of, ii, [218]
• isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602
  • Cope on, i, 84
  • figure of, i, 83
• Isopholidæ, ii, [26]
• Isopholis, ii, [26]
  • figure of, ii, [27]
• Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, [26], [28], [29], [33], [34], [36], [37]-60, 128, 129, 138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250
  • order of, ii, [38]
• Isotœnia, i, 565
• isthmus, i, 45
• isthmus barriers, i, 255-281
• Isthmus of Panama,
  • as barrier, i, 269
  • fish fauna of, i, 266, 271
  • species of shores, i, 269
• Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258
  • as barrier, i, 266
  • submergence of, i, 267
• Istiæus,
  • figure of, ii, [46]
• Istiophoridæ, ii, [268]
• Istiophorus, ii, [269]
• Istlarius, ii, [182]
• Isuropsis,
  • figure of, i, 537
• Isurus, i, 537, 538
• Italian parrot-fish, i, 48
  • figure of, ii, [391]
• ito,
  • figure of, ii, [107]
• itoryori, ii, [340]
• iwana, ii, [114]
• jack mariddle, ii, [43]
• Jackson,
  • on Embiotocidæ, ii, [375], [393]
• Jacobi,
  • artificial impregnation by, i, 150
• Jacoby,
  • on origin of eels, ii, [144], [145]
• Jacquinot, i, 408
• Jadgeska hatchery, ii, [86]
• Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591
• jallao, ii, [341]
• Janassa,
  • teeth of, i, 554
• Japan,
  • Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258
  • fishes of, i, 256
  • fresh-water fauna of, i, 256
• Japan and Mediterranean
  • fish faunas, i, 259, 260
• Japanese blenny,
  • figure of, i, 9; ii, [513]
• Japanese catfish, ii, [183]
• Japanese dace, ii, [170]
• Japanese filefish,
  • figure of, i, 241
• Japanese samlet,
  • figure of, i, 321
• Japanese sea-horse,
  • figure of, i, 250
• jaqueta, ii, [383]
• jara-bakka, i, 171
• jawfish,
  • figure of, ii, [359]
• jaws, i, 201
  • of Amia, i, 43
  • bones of, i, 41, 43
  • figured, i, 30, 43, 583; ii, [39]
  • of parrot-fish, i, 30; ii, [391], [393]
  • of shark, i, 35
• Jenkins, i, 420; ii, [52]
  • on fishes of Panama, i, 274
• Jenkinsia, ii, [52]
• Jenyns, i, 408
• Jerdon, i, 416
• Jerusalem haddock, ii, [244]
• Jeude, i, 414
• jewfishes, ii, [321], [323]
• jiguagua, ii, [276]
• jocu, ii, [336]
• John,
  • on climbing-fish, ii, [367]
• John dories, ii, [245], [247]
  • figure of, ii, [248]
• Johnny darter, ii, [313]
• John Paw,
  • figure of, ii, [325]
• Johnson, i, 410
  • on interbreeding of trout, ii, [94]
• Johnston, i, 428
• jolt-head porgy,
  • figure of, ii, [344]
• Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, [522]
  • on parent stream theory, ii, [81]
  • portrait of, i, 421
  • on return of salmon to spawning grounds, ii, [83]
• Jordanella, i, 314; ii, [198]
  • figure of, ii, [197]
• Jordania, ii, [441], [449]
  • figure of, ii, [442]
• Jordanicus, ii, [522]
• jorobado, ii, [276]
• joturo, ii, [26]
  • figure of, ii, [28], [222]
• Joturus,
  • figure of, ii, [222]
• Jugulares, i, 393
  • suborder of, i, 499-506; ii, [39], [499], [534]
• Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, [389], [390]
• jurel, ii, [276]
• kæpra, i, 171
• kajika, ii, [118]
• kaku, ii, [221]
• Kalm, i, 390
• Kamchatka lamprey,
  • figure of, i, 495
• Kamloops trout, ii, [101]
• Kansas River,
  • blue-green sunfish from, i, 26
• Kareius, ii, [494]
• Karpinsky, i, 529
• Kaup, i, 411
• kawamasu, ii, [95]
• kawamuki, ii, [415]
• Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26
• Kelly
  • on otoliths, i, 120
• kelpfish, ii, [389], [390], [507]
• kelts, ii, [91]
• Kent,
  • on anglers, ii, [543], [544]
• Kerr, i, 619
  • on Balfour's theory, i, 72
  • on fin migration, i, 74
  • on Gegenbaur theory, i, 73
  • on external gill, i, 76, 78
  • on Lepidosiren, i, 61, 620
  • on morphology, i, 68
• Kessler, i, 411
• Kessleria, i, 252, 452; ii, [18], [20]
• keta, ii, [73]
• Kettleman, ii, [545]
• kihi kihi, ii, [406]
• killer, i, 361
• killifish, i, 290, 304; ii, [194], [198]
  • hearing of, i, 121
• king crab,
  • figure of, i, 572
• king darter,
  • figure of, ii, [311]
• kingfish, ii, [266], [356]
  • figure of, ii, [357]
• king of salmon, ii, [425]
  • figure of, ii, [478]
• king of herrings, ii, [425], [472]
• king of mackerels,
  • figure of, ii, [425]
• king salmon, ii, [68], [69]
  • anadromous instinct of, i, 160
  • grilse, figured, ii, [70], [72]
• Kingsley,
  • on ascidians, i, 474
  • on degeneration, i, 460
  • on sense organs, i, 175
  • on tunicates, i, 466-468
• Kirsch, i, 422
• Kirtland, i, 418; ii, [35]
• Kirtlandia,
  • figure of, ii, [217]
• Kishinouye, i, 418
• kisugo, ii, [358]
• Kittlitz, i, 410
• Klein, i, 390
• Klunzinger, i, 411
• Kner, i, 410, 411, 427
  • on Ganoids, ii, [10]
• Kneriidæ,
  • family of, ii, [204]
• knightfish, ii, [257]
• Knox, ii, [477]
• kobini-iwashi, ii, [52]
• kochi, ii, [441]
• Koenen, i, 427
• Koken, i, 427
• kokopu, ii, [204]
• kokos, ii, [71]
• Kolliker, i, 428
• Konwick, i, 427
• konoshiro, ii, [53]
• Kölreuter, i, 396
• Kowala, ii, [51]
• Kowalevskia, i, 474
• Kowalevsky, i, 428
• Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, [68]
• Krefft, i, 614
• Kröyer, i, 410
• Kuhlia, ii, [304]
• Kuhliidæ, ii, [297], [354]
• kumu, i, 322; ii, [352]
• Kundscha, ii, [114]
• Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138
• kurodai, ii, [343]
• kuromutsu,
  • figure of, ii, [213]
• Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258
  • fishes in, i, 239
  • goblin shark of, i, 534
• Kurtidæ, ii, [287]
• Kurtus, ii, [288]
• Kyphosidæ, ii, [349], [364], [398]
• Kyphosus, ii, [350]
  • figure of, ii, [349]
• Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, [218]
• Labrodon, ii, [385]
• Labrax, ii, [330]
• Labridæ, i, 207; ii, [372], [385], [390], [396]
• Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, [385], [387]
• labyrinthine fishes, ii, [365], [370]
• Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, [365], [379]
  • Day on, ii, [365]
  • Gill on, ii, [365]
• Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86
• lac de marbre, ii, [109]
• Lacépède, i, 376, 389
  • portrait of, i, 399
• Lachnolæmus, ii, [388]
  • figure of, ii, [387]
• Lactariidæ, ii, [356]
• Lactarius, ii, [358]
• Lactophrys, ii, [417]
  • figure of, i, 214, 373, 377, 378; ii, [416], [417]
  • skeleton of, figured, ii, [418]
• ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, [388]
  • figure of, i, 147; ii, [44]
  • transformations in, i, 147
• La Favorite, the, i, 408
• Lafayette, ii, [356]
• Lagocephalus,
  • figure of, ii, [419]
• Lagodon, ii, [344]
• Lake Bonneville,
  • ancient outlet of, i, 303
• lake herring, ii, [65]-67
• lake lamprey,
  • head of, figured, i, 111
  • mouth figured, i, 492
• Lake Nicaragua,
  • shark from, i, 542
• Lake Patzcuaro,
  • viviparous fishes from, i, 126
• Lake Pontchartrain,
  • fish fauna of, i, 314
• lake trout, ii, [66], [115]
  • figure of, ii, [114]
• lake whiting, ii, [65]
• Lamdodus, i, 522
• Laminaria, ii, [544]
• Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542
• Lamna, i, 534, 538
  • teeth of, figured, i, 537
  • figure of, 447
• lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533
  • distinguished, i, 534
  • families of, i, 534
• Lampetra, i, 491
  • figure of, i, 120, 492
• lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506
  • ascending brook figured, i, 496
  • brain of, i, 112
  • catfishes destroyed by, i, 358
  • extinct forms, i, 487
  • fate of, i, 504
  • food of, i, 491
  • gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485
  • Kamchatka, i, 495
  • method of attack, i, 493
  • migration of, i, 494
  • orders of, i, 488
  • parasites of, i, 354
  • Reighard on, i, 491
  • spawning of, i, 498, 500
  • structure of, i, 486
  • Surface on, i, 491
• Lamprididæ, ii, [16]
  • family of, ii, [243]
• Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, [228], [245], [288]
  • figure of, i, 323
  • shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, [243]
• Lanarkia, i, 570, 622
  • figure of, i, 574
• lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, [467]
  • characteristics of, i, 482
  • figure of, i, 484
  • habits of, i, 483
  • vertebral column of, i, 55
• lancet-fish, ii, [408]
  • figure of, ii, [135]
• lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181
• lane-snapper,
  • figure of, ii, [336]
• Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593
• lantern-fishes, ii, [41], [61], [128], [129], [525]
  • figure of, ii, [133]
• lantern-flounder, ii, [488]
• laolach, i, 620
• Laparus, ii, [518]
• large-mouthed black bass,
  • figure of, ii, [305]
• Larimus, ii, [355]
• Larvacea, i, 470, 473
  • figure of, i, 480
• larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176
  • Dean on, i, 139
  • in common eel, i, 141
  • Gilbert on, i, 142
  • figures showing, i, 140-142
  • in brook lamprey, i, 140
  • in sturgeon, i, 141
• larval flounder,
  • figure of, ii, [483]
• larval forms,
  • of Chætodon, i, 144
  • figures of, i, 140-142
  • of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176
  • of ladyfish, i, 147
  • of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621
  • of Mola, i, 143, 145
  • of sailfish, i, 140
  • of swordfish, i, 139
• Lasianius,
  • figure of, i, 580
• Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, [320]
• lateral fold, i, 64
  • Balfour on, i, 71-73
  • Kerr on, i, 72
  • Mollier on, i, 71
• lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23
  • a mucous channel, i, 22
  • Dean on, i, 23
  • function of, i, 23
  • relation to touch, i, 122
  • in singing-fish, figured, i, 23
• Lates, ii, [320], [330]
• Latham, i, 396
• Latilidæ, the, ii, [361], [363]
• Latilus, ii, [362]
• Latrididæ, ii, [363], [364], [426]
• Latris, ii, [363]
• lavaret, ii, [65]
• lawyer, ii, [335], [538]
• Lay, i, 409
• Leach, i, 396
• leather-carp, i, 151
• leather-jackets, ii, [272], [413]
• Lebias, ii, [198], [201]
• lectocephalous condition,
  • Günther on, i, 142
• Leidy, i, 426
• Leiognathidæ, ii, [287], [348]
• Leiognathus, ii, [287]
• Leiostomus, ii, [356]
• Leiuranus, ii, [150]
• length of intestine, i, 33
• Lentipes, ii, [466]
• leopard toadfish,
  • figure of, ii, [525]
• Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, [531]
• Lepechin, i, 396
• Lepidaplois, ii, [390]
  • figure of, ii, [389]
• Lepidocottus, ii, [426], [449]
• Lepidopidæ,
  • family of, ii, [267]
• Lepidopsetta, ii, [493]
• Lepidopus, i, 210; ii, [267]
• Lepidorhombus, i, 206; ii, [488]
• Lepidosiren, i, 60, 73, 85, 89, 100, 149, 450, 619, 621, 622
  • adult male, figured, i, 620
  • larval forms, figured, i, 620
    • at 3 days, i, 620
    • at 30 days, i, 621
    • at 40 days, i, 621
    • at three months, i, 621
  • pectoral fin in, i, 60
• Lepidosirenidæ, i, 88, 612, 619
• Lepidostei, ii, [13], [26]
  • Huxley on, ii, [23]
  • Zittel on, ii, [23], [24]
• Lepidosteids, ii, [32]
• Lepidosteoidei, i, 382
• Lepidotidæ, ii, [24]
• Lepidotes, ii, [24]
• Lepidotrigla, i, 259; ii, [456]
• Lepisoma, i, 208; ii, [508]
• Lepisosteidæ, i, 290; ii, [11], [29], [30]
• Lepisosteus, i, 32, 66, 85, 101, 102, 291, 314, 357, 604, 623; ii, [5], [6], [23], [29], [30], [32]
  • Agassiz on, ii, [5]
  • Balfour and Parker on, ii, [5]
  • Eastman on, ii, [32]
  • figure of, i, 452; ii, [31]
  • Günther on, ii, [5], [7]
  • Müller on, ii, [517]
  • tail of, figured, i, 82
• Lepomis, i, 302; ii, [301]
  • figure of, i, 4; ii, [300]
• Leptecheneis,
  • figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
• leptocardial tail, i, 81, 83
• Leptocardians, i, 383
• Leptocardii, i, 55, 482-485
• Leptocephalidæ, ii, [149]
• Leptocephalus, i, 211; ii, [148], [149]
  • figure of, ii, [150]
• leptocercal tail, i, 50, 81, 83, 507, 602
  • Agassiz on, i, 81
  • figure of, i, 82
  • Gaudry on, i, 84
• Leptocottus, ii, [448]
• Leptolepidæ, ii, [36], [41]
• Leptolepis, ii, [42]
  • figure of, ii, [41]
• Leptomylus, i, 565
• Leptops, ii, [182]
• Leptoscopidæ, the, ii, [503], [506]
• Leptosmus, ii, [53]
• Leptotrachelus, ii, [136]
• Lepturus, i, 391
• lesser-weaver, i, 169
• Lesson, i, 408
• Le Sueur, i, 418
• Lethrinus, i, 268; ii, [347]
• Leuciscus, i, 254, 256, 346; ii, [168], [169]
  • figure of, i, 287; ii, [169]
  • pharyngeals of, i, 47
  • teeth of, figured, ii, [163], [175]
• Leuckart, i, 609
• Leucopsarion, ii, [467]
• Lias, ii, [14]
• Libys, i, 605
• Ligul, a, i, 348
• Lilljeborg, i, 410
• Limanda, ii, [493]
• little roncador, ii, [356]
• Limulus, i, 569
  • figure of, i, 572
• Lindström, i, 427
• ling, ii, [538]
• Linnæus, i, 375, 390; ii, [410], [424], [499]
  • followers of, i, 394
  • Systema Naturæ of, i, 392
• Linophryne, ii, [549]
• Linton,
  • on parasitic diseases, i, 343-348
• Liodesmidæ, ii, [34]
• Liodesmus, ii, [34]
• lion-fish, ii, [434]
  • figure of, ii, [433], [435]
• Liopsetta, ii, [493]
  • figure of, ii, [494]
• liparid, ii, [447], [454]
  • figure of, ii, [413], [454]
• Liparididæ,
  • family of, ii, [454]
• Liparididæ, i, 189, 208, 218; ii, [313]
• Liparis, i, 202, 217, 219, 375, 380; ii, [449], [455]
  • figure of, i, 218
• Lipogenyidæ, ii, [158]
• Lipogenys, ii, [158]
• Lister, i, 373, 375, 376
• lithographic shales, ii, [42]
• Litholepis, i, 364
• littoral fishes,
  • distribution of, i, 247
• Liuranus,
  • figure of, i, 233
• Liza, ii, [221]
• lizard-fishes, ii, [61]
  • figure of, ii, [130]
• lizard-skipper,
  • figure of, i, 230; ii, [509]
• loach, i, 290; ii, [185]
  • fossil, ii, [175], [176]
• Lobotes,
  • figure of, ii, [331]
• Lobotidæ,
  • family of, ii, [331]
• local barriers, i, 298
• Lockington, i, 419
  • on long-jawed goby, ii, [462]-465
• log-perch,
  • figure of, ii, [311]
• Lohest, i, 427
• lok-sild, ii, [67]
• longe, ii, [114]
• long-eared sunfish, i, 3-15
  • figure of, i, 2, 3; ii, [300]
• long-jawed goby, ii, [462], [463]
  • Cooper on, ii, [463]
  • figure of, ii, [463]
  • Lockington on, ii, [462]
• long-horned sculpin, ii, [447]
• long-jaw, ii, [66]
• long-necked eels, ii, [153]
• lophobranchii, ii, [9], [209], [227]-240
• lophobranchs, i, 92
  • suborder of, ii, [235]
• Lophogobius, i, 208
• Lophiidæ, i, 206; ii, [542]
• Lophiomus, i, 207, 271; ii, [547]
• Lophius, i, 169, 202, 206, 391; ii, [542], [545], [547], [548]
  • figure of, i, 18; ii, [545]
• lophocercal tail, i, 81, 83
• Lopholatilus, i, 94, 357; ii, [361]
• Lophopsetta, ii, [488]
  • figure of, ii, [487]
• Lophotes, i, 260, 263; ii, [291]
• Lophotidæ, ii, [292]
  • family of, ii, [291]
• Loricaria, i, 393
  • figure of, ii, [186]
• Loricariidæ, ii, [185], [186], [449]
• Loricati, ii, [426], [455]
• loro, ii, [394], [396]
• Lota, i, 109, 209, 316; ii, [538]
  • figure of, ii, [539]
• Lotella, i, 259
• louse-fish, ii, [469]
• louvar,
  • figure of, ii, [290]
• Loven,
  • on Arctic species, i, 317
• Lowe, i, 410
• Lowell,
  • on trout, ii, [108]
• lower jaw,
  • figure of, i, 526
  • of Cochliodus figured, i, 531
  • of Neoceratodus figured, i, 616
  • of Polypterus figured, i, 606
• lower pharyngeals,
  • figure of, ii, [171]
• Lower Silurian,
  • shark teeth from, i, 508
• lowland fishes,
  • dispersion of, i, 313
• Luciæ, i, 477
• Lucifuga, i, 314; ii, [524]
  • figure of, i, 222; ii, [524]
• Lucigobius, ii, [467]
• Luciocephalidæ, ii, [370]
• Luciocephalus, ii, [370]
• Lucioperca, ii, [315]
• Lucas,
  • on Therobromus, ii, [127]
• luminous organs, i, 187
  • von Lendenfeld on, i, 189
  • of Porichthys, figured, i, 191
• Lumpenus, i, 209; ii, [513]
• lumpfish, i, 208; ii, [135], [453], [454]
  • figure of, i, 220; ii, [454]
• lump-sucker, ii, [453], [455]
• lung-fish, i, 100, 458, 609-622
• lungs of the fish,
  • origin of, i, 98, 99
  • Morris on, i, 98
• lurking-fishes,
  • Whitmee on, i, 169
• Lutianidæ, ii, [323], [335]
  • family of, i, 333; ii, [340]
• Lutianus, i, 324; ii, [330], [333], [335], [336]
  • figure of, i, 331; ii, [333], [335], [336]
• Lütken, i, 410; ii, [33], [133]
  • on Selene, i, 144
  • on flying-fish, ii, [214]
• Luvaridæ, ii, [291]
• Luvarus, ii, [291]
  • figure of, ii, [290]
• Lycenchelys,
  • figure of, ii, [519]
• Lycodapodidæ, ii, [520]
• Lycodes, ii, [518]
  • figure of, ii, [519]
• Lycodapus,
  • figure of, ii, [520]
• Lycodopsis, ii, [518]
• Lycodes, i, 209
• Lycoptera, ii, [41]
• Lyman,
  • on the museum at Paris, i, 401
• Lyomeri,
  • order of, ii, [140], [155]
• Lyopomi, ii, [138], [158], [189]
• Lyopsetta, i, 205
• Lyrifera, i, 462, 508
• Lysopteri, i, 623; ii, [13]
• maaji, ii, [274]
• maccaroni piatti, i, 351
• Macleay, i, 416, 428
• Macdonald, i, 419
• Macdonaldia, ii, [157]
• Mackenzie salmon, ii, [67]
• mackerel, i, 19, 117, 156, 210; ii, [258], [259]
  • figure of, i, 332; ii, [260]
  • fishery, ii, [260], [261]
  • Goode on, ii, [260]
• mackerel-midges, ii, [539]
• mackerel-scads, ii, [274]
• mackerel-shark, i, 533
  • figure of, i, 447, 537
• Mackinaw trout, ii, [114]
• Macrias, ii, [502]
• Macrodon, ii, [354]
• Macropetalichthyidæ,
  • family of, i, 585
• Macropetalichthys, i, 583, 585, 589, 590
• Macropharyngodon, ii, [390]
• Macrophthalmia, i, 491
• Macropistius, ii, [26]
• Macropodus, ii, [369], [370]
• Macropoma, i, 605
• Macrorhamphosidæ, ii, [227], [234], [235]
• Macrorhamphosus, i, 259
  • figure of, ii, [234]
• Macrosemiidæ, ii, [26], [28]
• Macrosemius, ii, [26]
• Macrouridæ, i, 84; ii, [541]
  • vertebræ in, 209; ii, [540]
• mademoiselle,
  • figure of, ii, [355]
• mad tom, ii, [182]
  • figure of, i, 179; ii, [182]
• Mænidæ,
  • family of, ii, [347]
• magifi, ii, [288]
• mahogany snapper, ii, [337]
• maigre, ii, [355]
• mail-cheek fishes, ii, [426]
• makrede, i, 171
• makua, ii, [425]
• Malacanthidæ, ii, [361], [499]
• Malacanthus, ii, [361]
• Malacopterygii, i, 391; ii, [208]
• Malacopterygium, ii, [39]
• Malacorhinus, i, 553
• Malacosteidæ, ii, [128], [134]
• Malapterurus, ii, [183]
• malau, ii, [253]
• Mallotus,
  • figure of, ii, [126]
• Malm, i, 410
• malma, i, 326
  • figure of, ii, [112]
• Malmgren, i, 410
  • on Arctic species, i, 317
• Malpighi, i, 390
• Malthe, i, 206
• Malthopsis, ii, [552]
• mandible,
  • suspensorium of, i, 43, 120
• mandibular rami, i, 589
• man-eating shark, i, 538
• Maner,
  • on external gill, i, 77
• mangrove snapper, ii, [335]
• man-of-war fish, ii, [285]
• Manta, i, 448, 560
  • figure of, i, 559
• map of continents, i, 270
• Mapo, ii, [461]
• Marcgraf, i, 389
• Marcgravia, ii, [526]
• Marcusen, i, 428
• marine blenny, i, 118
• marine fishes,
  • checked by barriers, i, 241
  • distribution of, i, 246
• Mariposa, ii, [244], [403]
• Marquette, ii, [64]
• Marsh,
  • on eye of Anableps, ii, [195]
• Marsiobranch, i, 592, 593
• Marsipobranchi, i, 486
• Martin pescador, ii, [550]
• Mason, ii, [73]
• Mastacembelidæ, ii, [532]
• Mastacembelus, ii, [157]
  • figure of, ii, [532]
• Masticura, i, 555
• masu, ii, [68], [73]
  • figure of, ii, [71], [72]
• matajuelo, ii, [252], [253]
• matajuelo blanco, ii, [361]
• matao, ii, [249]
• matodai, ii, [333]
• matsubara, i, 418
• Matthew, i, 427
• Mauer,
  • on external gill, i, 77
• Maurolicidæ,
  • family of, ii, [134]
• Maurolicus, ii, [134]
• maxillary,
  • figure of, i, 55
  • of Sebastolobus, i, 55
• mayfish,
  • figure of, ii, [198]
• McClelland, i, 416
• McCoy, i, 82, 410, 581
• McGregor, i, 422
• McKay, i, 420
• McMurrich, i, 428
• meaji, ii, [275]
• meaning of species, i, 293
  • Coues on, i, 379
• measurements of the fish, i, 19
• mebaru, ii, [429], [431]
• Meckel's cartilage, i, 44, 57, 507, 596, 606
• Meda, ii, [169]
• Meddagh,
  • photograph by, i, 164
• Medialuna, ii, [350]
• medregal, ii, [274]
• Meek,
  • on trout, ii, [105]
• Megalaspis, ii, [274]
• Megalichthyidæ, i, 602, 603
• Megalichthys,
  • figure of, i, 604
• Megalops, ii, [43]
• Megalurus,
  • figure of, ii, [36]
• Megaperca, ii, [322]
• Megaprotodon, ii, [404]
• mejenidai, ii, [348]
• Melamphaës, ii, [252]
• Melaniris, ii, [218]
• Melanocetus, ii, [548]
• Melanogrammus, i, 209; ii, [539]
  • figure of, ii, [536]
  • skull of, figured, ii, [536]
• Melanotænia, ii, [218]
• Melanotæniidæ, ii, [218]
• Melichthys, ii, [413]
• Melletes,
  • figure of, i, 288
• membrane bone of face, i, 44
• Mene,
  • figure of, ii, [288]
• menhaden,
  • figure of, i, 340; ii, [51]
• Menidia, ii, [218]
• Menidæ,
  • family of, ii, [218]
• Menomonee whitefish, ii, [63]
• Menopneumona, i, 612
• Menticirrhus,
  • figure of, ii, [357]
• mergate fish, ii, [341]
• Merlangus, i, 209; ii, [537]
• Merluccius, i, 209; ii, [136]
  • figure of, ii, [540]
  • isocercal tail of, i, 83
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
• Merluciidæ, ii, [540]
• mermaid, i, 359
• merou, ii, [323], [324]
• Merriam,
  • on fossil trout, ii, [62]
• Mesencephalon,
  • figured, i, 109, 110
• mesentary, i, 32
• Mesichthys, ii, [190]
• mesocoracoid, i, 89; ii, [12]
• mesoderm, i, 138
• Mesodon, ii, [22]
• Mesogonistius, ii, [301]
  • figure of, ii, [299]
• Mesolepis, ii, [15]
• mesopterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, [12]
• Mesopus, ii, [124]
  • Swan on, ii, [123]
• Mesozoic fishes, i, 437
• metameral characters, i, 23
• metapterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, [12]
• metencephalon, figured, i, 109
• Michigan grayling,
  • figure of, ii, [122]
• Microbranchium, i, 577
• Microcanthus, ii, [404]
• Microdesmus, i, 271
• Microdon, i, 204
• Microgadus, ii, [537]
  • figure of, ii, [538]
• Microlepidotus, i, 271
• Microperca, ii, [307], [315]
• Micropogon, i, 271; ii, [356]
• Micropterus, i, 291, 302; ii, [297], [302], [304]
  • figure of, i, 325; ii, [303], [305]
• Microspathodon, i, 271; ii, [384], [385]
  • figure of, ii, [384]
• Microstoma, ii, [127]
• Microstomidæ, ii, [127]
• Microstomus, ii, [494]
• midshipman, i, 121, 189; ii, [526]
  • luminous organs of, i, 191
• migratory fishes, i, 160
• milkfish,
  • figure of, ii, [45]
• milktschitsch, ii, [73]
• Miller, i, 426
• miller's thumb, ii, [444]
  • California, ii, [446]
  • figure of, ii, [445]
  • Yellowstone, ii, [444]
• Milner, i, 419
  • on whitefish, ii, [64]
• minnow, i, 33, 124, 304; ii, [118], [161], [163], [193], [196]-199
  • treatment of eggs by, i, 129
• Minous, ii, [436]
• Mioplosus, ii, [315]
• Mirbelia, ii, [531]
• mirror carp, i, 151; ii, [17]
• Misaki,
  • tide pools of, i, 161
• Misgurnus, i, 98; ii, [176]
• Mississippi Valley,
  • blind fishes of, i, 117, 220
  • stone-roller of, i, 33
• Missouri sucker, ii, [173]
• Mistichthys, ii, [467]
• Mitchill, i, 376, 418
  • on climbing-fish, ii, [367], [368]
  • on Spanish mackerel, ii, [264]
• Mitchillina, ii, [60]
• Mitsukurina, i, 199, 536, 566
  • figures of, i, 535
• Mitsukurinidæ, i, 534
• Mitsukuri, i, 418
  • on phosphorescent shark, i, 189
  • portrait of, i, 417
• Mivart,
  • on paired limbs, i, 70
• monana, ii, [353]
• Mobula, i, 448
  • fœtus of, i, 560
• Mobulidæ, i, 559
• mojarra, ii, [348]
  • figure of, ii, [348]
• mojarra cardenal, ii, [254]
• mojarra de las piedras, ii, [405]
• mojarra de ley, ii, [348]
• mojarra verde, ii, [381]
• Mola, i, 19, 84, 142, 206, 272; ii, [424], [425]
  • figure of, ii, [424]
  • larva of, figured, i, 143
• Molgula, i, 474
• Molgulidæ, i, 474
• Molidæ, ii, [424]
• Molina, i, 396
• Mollier,
  • on lateral fold, i, 71
• Mollienesia, ii, [199]
• Mollusca, ii, [529]
• Molva, i, 209; ii, [538]
• Monacanthidæ, i, 242
  • family of, ii, [413]
• Monacanthus, i, 181, 206; ii, [414]
• du Monceau, i, 396
• Mondini, ii, [144]
• mongrel whitefish, ii, [67]
• monkfish, i, 359; ii, [545]
  • brain of, figured, i, 547
  • pectoral fin, figured, i, 56
• Monocentridæ, ii, [250]
  • family of, ii, [257]
  • Houttuyn, discoverer of, ii, [257]
• Monocentrus, i, 260
  • figure of, ii, [257]
• Monoceros, i, 268; ii, [409]
• Monodactylus, ii, [398]
  • figure of, ii, [397]
• Monolene, i, 206
• Monopteridæ, ii, [141]
• Monopterus, ii, [141]
• Monorhinus, i, 593
• Monotaxis, ii, [344]
• Monro, i, 390
• monstre marin, i, 360, 361
• monstrosities among fishes, i, 150
• monstrous goldfish,
  • figure of, i, 151
• Montagu, i, 396
• month incubation, i, 170, 171, 172
  • Günther on, i, 173
• Moorish idols, ii, [406]
  • figure of, ii, [406]
• Moodeliar,
  • on climbing-fish, ii, [367], [368]
• mooneye, i, 290; ii, [45]
• moonfishes, i, 144; ii, [243], [244], [276], [401]
  • figure of, i, 323
• morays, ii, [152], [153]
  • figure of, i, 458; ii, [155]
• Mordacia, i, 491
• Mordaciidæ, i, 491
• Moreau, i, 95, 412
• Morgan, i, 428
• Moringua, ii, [153], [189]
• Moringuidæ, ii, [188], [189]
  • family of, ii, [153]
• Mormyrus, i, 393
• Morone, ii, [321]
  • figure of, ii, [322]
• morphology, i, 511
  • of fins, i, 62-90
• Morris,
  • on lungs of fishes, i, 98-106
• mortality of filefish, i, 357
• Moseley,
  • on Ipnopidæ, ii, [131]
• Moser,
  • on catching salmon, ii, [85]
• moss-bunker, ii, [51]
• motor nerves, i, 153
• mountain chains,
  • as barriers, i, 310
• mountain-oopu, ii, [466]
• mountain-witch, ii, [445]
• Mount Whitney,
  • golden trout of, ii, [99]
• Moxostoma, ii, [174]
• mu, ii, [344]
• mucous channels, i, 22, 23
• mud-bass, ii, [297]
• mud-dab, ii, [493]
• mud-minnows, i, 290; ii, [35], [193], [194]
• mud-minnows,
  • figure of, ii, [193]
  • tenacity of life in, i, 147
• mud-skippers, ii, [465]
  • figure of, ii, [466]
• muffle jaws, ii, [444]
• Mugil, i, 32, 157, 343, 391; ii, [144], [219]
  • figure of, i, 330; ii, [221]
• Mugilidæ, i, 206; ii, [219]
• muki-muki, i, 183; ii, [420]
• Müller, i, 384, 396, 405, 415, 428, 609, 613; ii, [3], [24], [39], [40], [144], [533]
  • on elastic spring, i, 96
  • on ganoids, ii, [9]
  • on gas in swim-bladder, i, 96
  • on Lepidosteus, ii, [5]
  • portrait of, i, 399
• Mullerian duct, i, 28
• mullets, i, 117, 268, 328; ii, [39], [144], [215], [219], [221]
  • Goode on, ii, [219], [220]
• Mullidæ, i, 206; ii, [257], [351]-379
• Mullus, i, 261, 393; ii, [256]
  • figure of, i, 322; ii, [352]
• Munster, i, 423
• munu, i, 322; ii, [352]
• Muræna, i, 211, 391; ii, [152]
  • figure of, ii, [153]
• Murænesocidæ, ii, [150]
• Murænesox, i, 211; ii, [150]
• Murænidæ, i, 211; ii, [152], [155]
• Murænolepidæ, ii, [541]
• Murchison, i, 423
• murcielago, ii, [458]
• muroaji, ii, [274]
• muscles of the fish, i, 25
• muskallonge,
  • figure of, ii, [192]
• Musquaw whitefish, ii, [65]
• Mustelus, i, 71, 541
• mutsu, ii, [317]
• mutton-fish, i, 324; ii, [518]
• mutton-snapper, ii, [335]
  • figure of, i, 331
• Mycteroperca, 271; ii, [325], [327]
  • figure of, ii, [327]
• Myctophidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, [132]-134, 526
• Myctophum, i, 195; ii, [133], [134]
  • figure of, ii, [133]
• Myliobatis, i, 557, 558
• Mylognathus, i, 565
• Mylostoma, i, 583, 584, 587, 589, 590
• Mylostomidæ, i, 587
• myotomes, i, 71
• Myoxocephalus, ii, [445]
  • figure of, i, 219; ii, [446], [447]
• Myriacanthidæ, i, 566
• Myriacanthus, i, 566; ii, [255]
• Myrichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [151]
• Myridæ, ii, [148], [150]
• Myriolepis, ii, [14]
• Myripristis, i, 162, 268, 271; ii, [254]-256
• Myrocongridæ, ii, [153]
• Myrophis, i, 313
• Myrus, i, 259, 263; ii, [150]
• Mysis, i, 317
• Mysore,
  • walking-fish of, i, 167
• mythology of fishes, i, 359-366
• Myxine, i, 198, 490, 593
• Myxinidæ, i, 489
• Myxobolus, i, 343
• Myxocyprinus, ii, [173]
• Myxodagnus, ii, [506]
• Myxodes, ii, [508]
• Myxosporidia, i, 342, 344
• Myzontes, i, 486
• Nagg's head-fish, i, 375, 376
• Naisia, ii, [32]
• namazu, ii, [188]
• names of bones, i, 39
• names of fishes, i, 372
• nami-ho-hana, ii, [218]
• Nandidæ, ii, [358]
• Nannocharax, ii, [162]
• Nansenia, ii, [127]
• Narcine,
  • figure of, i, 185, 553
• Narcobatidæ,
  • family of, i, 553
• Narcobatis, i, 553
• Nardo, i, 412
• Nassau,
  • figure of, ii, [324]
• natural selection,
  • effect of, i, 318
  • in fishes, i, 218
  • process of, i, 297
  • species changed by, i, 240
• Naucrates, ii, [272], [278]
  • figure of, ii, [273]
• Nantichthys, ii, [448]
• Nebris, ii, [355]
• Necturus, i, 157, 600
• needle-bearing filefish,
  • figure of, ii, [414]
• needle-fishes, i, 128
  • figure of, ii, [210]
• negro-chub, ii, [167]
• negro-fish, ii, [324]
• Nelson, i, 419
  • on Anableps, ii, [196], [197]
• Nemachilus, ii, [176]
• Nematognathi, i, 405; ii, [9], [40], [161], [177], [178]
• Nematistiidæ, ii, [278]
• Nematocentrus, ii, [218]
• Nematodes, i, 344
  • Linton on, i, 352
• Nematonurus, ii, [541]
• Nemichthyidæ, ii, [151]
• Nemichthys, i, 211; ii, [151]
  • figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, [152]
  • jaws figured, i, 156
• Nemipterus, ii, [340]
• Nemopteryx, ii, [539]
• Neoceratodus, i, 79, 80, 100, 116, 204, 450, 613
  • eggs of, i, 618
  • figure of, i, 614
  • lower jaw of, figured, i, 616
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 68, 609
  • skull of, i, 67
• Neochanna, i, 252; ii, [206]
• Neoclinus, ii, [462]
  • figure of, ii, [507]
• Neoditrema, ii, [375]
• Neoliparis, ii, [455]
  • figure of, ii, [455]
• Neopercis, ii, [502]
• Neosebastes, ii, [433]
• nerka, ii, [73]
• nerve cells and fibres, i, 152
• nerves of fishes, i, 113, 114
• nervous system, i, 109-114
• nest-building, ii, [229]
  • of sticklebacks, ii, [230], [231]
• nest of fish, i, 14, 172
• Nettastoma, i, 211, 259; ii, [151]
• Nettastomidæ, ii, [148], [151]
• neurentric canal, i, 138
• Newberry, i, 426, 428, 584, 589
• New England,
  • scanty fauna of, i, 302
• Newton, i, 426
• New Zealand,
  • fauna of, i, 252
• nezupo, ii, [441]
• nictitating membrane, i, 540
• nijinge-rijinge, i, 171, 172
• Nieuhof, i, 396
• Nilsson, i, 410
• Niphon, ii, [320]
• nohu, ii, [434]
• noises of fishes, i, 168, 169
• Nomeidæ, ii, [283]
• nomenclature, i, 173
  • beginning of, i, 374
  • trinomial, i, 378
  • of trunkfishes, i, 373
• Nordmann, i, 410
• northern blennies, ii, [511]
• northern zone, i, 250
• Norway haddock, ii, [428]
• Notacanthidæ, ii, [157]
• Notacanthus, ii, [157], [532]
  • figure of, ii, [158]
• Notæus, ii, [36]
• Notagogus, ii, [26]
  • figure of, ii, [28]
• Notelops, ii, [44]
• Notidiani, i, 447, 513, 519, 526
  • order of, i, 523
• Notidanoid shark, i, 438
  • skull of, figured, i, 56
• Notidanus, i, 523, 524
• notochord, i, 55, 56, 509
  • in Chimæras, i, 59
  • in Elasmobranchs, i, 57
• Notogeneus, i, 456
  • figure of, ii, [55]
• Notopteridæ, ii, [48], [49]
• Notopterus, ii, [49]
• Nototheniidæ, ii, [501], [502], [533]
• Notropis, i, 129, 283, 304, 307, 311, 313; ii, [164]
  • figure of, i, 343, 457; ii, [165], [167]
• Noturus, i, 180; ii, [177], [182]
• Novaculichthys, ii, [390]
• Novara, i, 410
• Nozawa, i, 418
• numbers of genera, i, 262
• numbfish,
  • figure of, i, 185, 553
• number of vertebræ, i, 202-204
• nuptial colors, i, 155, 156
• nuptial tubercles, i, 33
  • figure showing, ii, [167]
• Nyström, i, 416
• oarfish, i, 361; ii, [472]
  • figure of, i, 362; ii, [476]
  • Forgy on, ii, [473]
  • Glesnæs, ii, [472]
  • Holder on, ii, [474]
• Oatka Creek, i, 282
• Oblata, i, 260; ii, [348]
• ocean currents,
  • agency of, i, 242
• Ocyurus,
  • figure of, ii, [337]
• Odacidæ, ii, [388]
• Odax, ii, [390]
• Odontaspididæ, i, 533
• Odontaspis, i, 534
• Odontoscion, ii, [355]
• Odontostomus, ii, [136]
• Odontotodontidæ, i, 576
• Odontotodus,
  • figure of, i, 570
• Ogcocephalidæ, ii, [551]
• Ogcocephalus,
  • figure of, ii, [551]-553
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 88
• Ogilby, i, 408, 416
  • on ragfishes, ii, [285]
• oil shark, i, 524
• Oikopleura, i, 474
• ojanco, ii, [337]
• okose, i, 236, 429; ii, [436]
• oldwench, ii, [413]
• oldwife, ii, [413]
• Old World catfish, ii, [182]
• olfactory lobe,
  • figure of, i, 111
• Oligocottus, ii, [447], [449]
  • figure of, ii, [449]
• Oligopleuridæ, ii, [36], [41]
• Oligopleurus, ii, [36]
• Oligoplites, ii, [272]
• Oligorus, ii, [320]
• ombre chevalier, ii, [108], [109]
• Omosoma, ii, [284]
• Omosudis, ii, [136]
• Onchus,
  • Agassiz on, i, 530
  • fin-spine of, i, 509
• Oncobatis, i, 553
• Oncottus, i, 317; ii, [447], [449]
  • figure of, ii, [447]
• Oncolepis, ii, [513]
• Oncopterus, ii, [489]
• Oncorhynchus, i, 146, 160, 301, 329, 332; ii, [68], [70], [89], [94]
  • figure of, 354; ii, [69], [71], [72], [76]
• ontogeny, i, 511
• ontology, i, 63
• oopu, ii, [465]
• Onychodontidæ, i, 602, 604
• Onychodus, i, 604
• opahs, i, 210; ii, [243]
  • taken by Berndt, ii, [244]
  • Farquhar on, ii, [244]
  • figure of, i, 323
• opercle, i, 7, 45
• opercula,
  • used in climbing, ii, [367]
• operculum, ii, [7]
• Ophicephalidæ, ii, [370]
• Ophidiidæ, ii, [520]
• Ophidion, i, 391, 612
• Ophichthyidæ, i, 211; ii, [150]
• Ophichthus,
  • figure of, ii, [151]
• Ophiocephalidæ, i, 103, 104; ii, [215]
• Ophiocephalus, i, 149
  • figure of, i, 150
• Ophiodon, ii, [442], [518], [520]
  • figure of, ii, [440]
• Ophioblennius, ii, [510]
• Ophiopsis, ii, [26]
• Ophocephalus,
  • figure of, ii, [370]
• Opistharthri, i, 509
• Opisthocentrus, ii, [512]
• Opisthocœlian, i, 49; ii, [29]
• Opisthocœlous, ii, [6]
• Opisthognathidæ, ii, [330], [359], [499], [502]
• Opisthognathus, ii, [462], [508]
  • figure of, ii, [360]
• Opisthomi, i, 611; ii, [499], [532]-542
• Opisthomyzon, ii, [469]
  • Storms on, ii, [469]
• Opisthonema, ii, [51], [53]
• opisthure, i, 84
• Oplegnathus, i, 260
• Opsanus, ii, [525]
  • figure of, ii, [524]
• Opsariichthys, ii, [165]
• optic nerves,
  • of flounders, ii, [482]
• orbitophenoid, ii, [40]
• orca, i, 361, 536
• order,
  • defined, i, 373
• organs of the fish,
  • electric, i, 25
  • of hearing, i, 119-121
  • nutritive, i, 29
• Orectolobus, i, 533
• Orestias, ii, [200]
• Oregon lamprey,
  • figure of, i, 496
• Oregon sucker,
  • teeth of, figured, ii, [175]
• Ordovician deposits,
  • figure of, i, 435
• origin,
  • of air-bladder, i, 98
  • of fins, i, 62, 64, 67
  • of lungs, i, 98
• origin of lancelets,
  • Willey on, i, 484
• Orodontidæ, i, 65, 66, 447, 528
• Orr,
  • on external gill, i, 77
• Ortmann, i, 238, 256, 270
  • map of continents, i, 270
• Orthacanthus, i, 521
• Orthodon, ii, [165]
• Orthopristis, ii, [342]
• Orthopsetta, i, 206; ii, [489]
• Orthostœchus, i, 271
• Osbeck, i, 389
• Osbeckia, ii, [414]
  • figure of, ii, [414]
• Osborn,
  • on extinction of species, i, 239, 442
  • on law of radiation, i, 296
• Osmeroides, ii, [44], [134]
• Osmerus, i, 391; ii, [123], [127]
  • figure of, ii, [123]
• Osphromenidæ, ii, [368], [370]
• Osphromenus, ii, [368]
• ossicles,
  • Hasse on, i, 96
• Ostariophysi, i, 120; ii, [38], [40], [140], [209]
  • series of, ii, [159]-165
• Osteoglossidæ, ii, [56], [60], [160]
• Osteoglossum, ii, [11], [41], [42], [56], [57]
• Osteolepis, i, 602-604
• Osteostraci, i, 568, 571, 573, 590
  • order of, i, 575
• Ostichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [255]
• Ostraciidæ, i, 568
  • family of, ii, [415]
• Ostracion, i, 206, 373, 391; ii, [416]-418
  • figure of, i, 16, 376; ii, [416]
• Ostracodermi, i, 568; ii, [398], [411], [415]
• Ostracophores, i, 240, 242, 246, 444, 488, 568, 581, 582, 590, 603; ii, [3]
  • figure of, i, 444
  • nature of, i, 569
  • order of, i, 573
• Ostracophori, i, 462
  • class of, i, 568, 569
• Osurus, ii, [502]
• Otaki, i, 418, 422
• Otodus, i, 538
• otoliths, i, 119-121; 354
• Otsego bass, ii, [64]
• Ouananiche, ii, [92], [93]
• Overland Monthly,
  • reference to, ii, [69]
• oviducts, ii, [6]
• oviparous fishes, i, 125
• ovoviviparous fishes, i, 125, 550
• Owen, i, 88, 90, 424, 428
  • on swordfish, ii, [270], [271]
• Owsjannikow, i, 428
• Owston,
  • sharks taken by, i, 534
• Oxuderces, ii, [468]
• Oxudercidæ, ii, [468]
• Oxygnathus, ii, [14]
• Oxylabracidæ, ii, [320], [327]
  • family of, ii, [319]
• Oxylabrax, ii, [320], [355]
  • figure of, ii, [319]
• Oxylebius, ii, [440]
• Oxyjulis, ii, [388]
• Oxymonacanthus, ii, [415]
• Oxynotidæ, i, 546
• Oxynotus, i, 546
• Oxystomus, i, 259
• oyster-fish, ii, [525]
• Ozorthe, ii, [513]
  • figure of, i, 9; ii, [513]
• Pachycormidæ, ii, [34]
• Pachycormus, ii, [34]
• Pachylebias, ii, [201]
• Pachyrhizodontidæ, ii, [44]
• Pachyrhizodus, ii, [44]
• Pacific Creek, i, 308, 309
• paddle-fish, i, 199, 253, 290; ii, [20]
• Pagellus, i, 260, 267; ii, [344], [346]
• Pagrus, i, 94, 259, 263, 324; ii, [343], [344], [346]
  • figure of, ii, [342]
• paired fins,
  • in Acanthodei, i, 515
  • Balfour on, ii, [8]
  • migration of, i, 75
  • origin of, i, 64
  • Ryder on, i, 66
• paired limbs,
  • Dean on, i, 81
  • Mivart on, i, 70
  • relation of, i, 69
  • Thacker on, i, 70
  • Gill on, i, 85
• palæichthyologists, i, 424, 426, 427
• palæichthyology, i, 426
• Palæichthys, ii, [3]
• Palæobalistum, ii, [22]
• Palæoniscidæ, i, 452, 580; ii, [4], [14], [15], [23]
• Palæoniscum, i, 437, 622
  • Blainville on, ii, [14]
  • figure of, i, 453; ii, [14]
• palæontology, evidence of, i, 64
• Palæorhynchidæ,
  • family of, ii, [268]
• Palæorhynchus, ii, [268]
  • figure of, ii, [268]
• Palæospinax, i, 528
• Palæospondylidæ, i, 593
• Palæospondylus, i, 204, 437, 444, 593, 595, 596
  • figure of, i, 591
  • relationships of, i, 593
• palatines, i, 6
• palatopterygoid arch, ii, [152], [155]
• palato-quadrate apparatus, i, 508, 509, 523
• Palinurichthys, ii, [284]
• Pallas, ii, [67], [135], [428], [522]
• Pallasina, ii, [453]
  • figure of, i, 221; ii, [453]
• Palœaspis, i, 575
• palometa, i, 324; ii, [283]
• pampano, i, 210, 324; ii, [272]-292
  • gaff-topsail, ii, [277]
  • great, ii, [277]
  • round, ii, [277]
  • true, ii, [277]
• panai feri, ii, [367]
• Panama,
  • as barrier, i, 270
  • final hypothesis as to, i, 279
• pancreas, i, 32
• Pander, i, 427
• pan fish, ii, [355]
• Panicum, ii, [369]
• Pantodon, ii, [60]
• Pantodontidæ, ii, [57]
• Pantosteus, i, 304, 316; ii, [172]
• papagallo, ii, [278]
• papilla, i, 115
• Pappichthys, ii, [36]
• Parabatrachus, i, 604
• Paracentropogon, ii, [436]
• Paracentropristis, ii, [328]
• Paracirrhites, ii, [363]
• paraglenal, i, 90; ii, [12]
• Paragobiodon, ii, [466]
• Paralabrax, ii, [328]
• Paralepidæ, ii, [136]
• Paralichthys, i, 206; ii, [482], [486], [492]
  • figure of, ii, [493]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, [2]
  • tail of, figured, i, 83; ii, [486]
• Paraliparis, i, 202, 219; ii, [454], [455]
• Paramia, ii, [317]
• Paranguilla, ii, [150]
• Paranthias, ii, [328]
• Paraphyllodus, ii, [396]
• Parapristipoma, ii, [342]
• Parapegasus, ii, [240]
• Parapercis, ii, [502]
• Parasilurus, ii, [183]
• parasites of fishes,
  • crustaceans, i, 340
  • figures illustrating, i, 341-344
  • fungi, i, 353
  • Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
  • hosts of, i, 343
  • internal, i, 342
  • protozoans, i, 342
• parasitic diseases,
  • Gurley on, i, 342
  • Linton on, i, 343
  • Megnin on, i, 343
  • Railliet on, i, 343
  • Stiles on, i, 343
  • Ward on, i, 343
• parasitic fungi, i, 353
• parasitic worms,
  • acanthocephala, i, 344
  • cestodes, i, 344
  • an article of food, i, 351
  • nematodes, i, 344
  • trematodes, i, 344
• Paratrachichthys, i, 439; ii, [295]
  • figure of, ii, [253]
• Paraxus, i, 517
• Pareioplitæ, ii, [426]-458
• parental affection in fishes, i, 166, 167
• Parexocœtus, ii, [214]
• parent-stream theory, ii, [81]
• Parequula, ii, [287]
• pargo criollo, i, 324; ii, [335]
• pargo de lo alto, ii, [336]
• pargo guachinango, ii, [335]
• pargos, ii, [333]
• Park, i, 393
• Parker, i, 90, 428, 594; ii, [160], [482]
  • on Chimæras, i, 563
  • on hearing of fishes, i, 121, 122
  • optic nerve of flounder, ii, [482], [483]
  • on soles, ii, [483]
• Parnell, i, 410
• Parophrys, ii, [493]
• Parr, ii, [91]
• Parra, i, 396
• parrot-fish, i, 21; ii, [56], [360], [385], [390], [393]
  • figure of, i, 330; ii, [392], [394], [395]
  • jaws of, figured, i, 30; ii, [391]
  • pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, [393]
• parts of skeleton, i, 35
• paru, ii, [405]
• Patæcidæ, ii, [516]
• Patæcus, ii, [514]
• patao, ii, [348]
• Patten, i, 428
  • on Ostracophores, i, 569
• pesce re, ii, [218]
• peacock flounders, ii, [488]
• pearlfish, i, 84, 159; ii, [522]
  • figure of, i, 522, 523
• pêche prêtre, ii, [429]
• Peck, i, 419
• pecten, ii, [6]
• pectoral fin, i, 10, 521
  • of Chiloscyllium, i, 66
  • of codfish, i, 66
  • figure of, i, 57, 66
  • Gegenbaur on, i, 66, 67
  • of Heptranchias, i, 57
  • origin of, i, 67
• pectoral limb, i, 50
  • of Dipnoan, i, 60
  • figure of, i, 85
  • Kerr on, i, 61
  • in shark, i, 60
• peculiar,
  • jaws and teeth, i, 201
  • larval forms, i, 142
• pediculates, i, 51, 206, 207, 405; ii, [40], [499]
  • order of, ii, [542]-553
• Pegador,
  • figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
• pegapega, ii, [468]
• Pegasidæ, ii, [240]
  • family of, ii, [239]
• Pegasus, i, 393; ii, [240]
• peixe rey, ii, [216]
• pelagic fishes, i, 245
  • vertebræ in, i, 209
• Pelamis, i, 364
• Pelargorhynchus, ii, [136]
• Pelates, ii, [342]
• Pelecanus, i, 345
• Pelecopterus, ii, [34]
• pelican,
  • fish parasites in, i, 345
• pelican-eel, ii, [156]
• Pellegrin, i, 412
  • on poisonous fishes, i, 182-184
• Pelor, i, 180; ii, [434]
• Peltacephalata, i, 568
• pelvic girdle, i, 42
• Pempheridæ, ii, [288]
• Pempheris, ii, [289]
  • figure of, ii, [289], [290]
• penfishes, ii, [344]
• Penella, i, 242
• Pennant, i, 396
  • on parental affection in fishes, i, 166
• Pentacerotidæ,[^[14]] ii, [333]

[14]. This family should stand as Histiopteridæ, the name Pentaceros, Pentacerotidæ, being used earlier for starfishes.

• pentadactyle limb, i, 79
• Pentapus, ii, [341]
• Peprilus, ii, [285]
  • figure of, i, 18; ii, [284]
• Perca, 391; ii, [307], [315], [367]
  • brain of, i, 111
  • figure of, ii, [308]
• Percalates, ii, [320]
• Percarina, ii, [310]
• Percesoces, ii, [157], [208], [228], [290], [360], [370], [521], [522]
  • order of, ii, [215]
• perches, i, 21, 209, 290, 304; ii, [168], [258], [304], [307], [310]
  • brain of, figured, i, 111
  • European, ii, [307]
  • everglade pigmy, figured, ii, [295]
  • white, ii, [304]
  • yellow, ii, [307], [308]
• Percichthys, ii, [320]
• Percidæ, i, 209, 248, 290, 406; ii, [171], [258], [294], [304], [309], [320]
  • family of, ii, [304]
• Percilia, ii, [320]
• Percina, ii, [306], [310]
  • figure of, ii, [311]
• Percis, ii, [453]
• Percoidea, ii, [293]-315
• Percoidei, ii, [398]
• percoid fishes, ii, [293]-315
• Percomorphi, ii, [258]-271, 365, 397, 398, 426
  • suborder of, ii, [258]
• Percophidæ, ii, [502]
• Percopsidæ, i, 290; ii, [241]
  • family of, ii, [241]
• Percopsis, i, 316; ii, [296]
  • figure of, ii, [241]
• periblast, i, 136
• Periophthalmus, i, 117; ii, [465], [510]
  • figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
• Peristediidæ, i, 208; ii, [457]
• Peristedion, i, 219
  • figure of, i, 299; ii, [457]
• peritoneum, i, 32
• Permian, ii, [14], [23]
  • sharks from, i, 517
• Perugia, i, 412
• pescado azul, ii, [382]
• pescadillo del red, ii, [354]
• pescado blanco, i, 328; ii, [216]
  • figure of, i, 217, 329
• pescado del rey, ii, [216]
• pesce rey, ii, [216]
• Petalodontidæ, i, 531
  • family of, i, 554
  • teeth of, figured, i, 555
• Petalodus, i, 554
• Petalopteryx, ii, [26], [458]
• Peters, i, 411
• peto, ii, [266]
• Petromyzon, i, 132, 142, 357, 372, 391, 490, 618
  • figure of, i, 491
  • mouth figured, i, 492
  • head of, figured, i, 111
• Petromyzonidæ, i, 290, 373, 490
• Petroscirtes, ii, [509]
• pez ciego, ii, [524]
• pez del rey,
  • figure of, ii, [218]
• pez de pluma, ii, [344]
• pez puerco, ii, [413]
• Phæbodus, i, 522
• Phanerodon, ii, [375]
• Phaneropleuron, i, 612
  • figure of, i, 613
• Phanerosteon, i, 580
• Phareodus, ii, [56], [57]
  • figures of, ii, [57]-59
  • fossils of, ii, [58], [59]
• pharyngeals, i, 5, 48
  • figure of, i, 47
  • of Italian parrot-fish, ii, [391]
  • of parrot-fish, figured, ii, [391]
  • use in voice, i, 121
• pharyngeal teeth,
  • figured, ii, [175]
• Pharyngognathi, i, 405; ii, [259], [380], [396]
  • suborder of, ii, [384]
• Philippi, i, 415
• Philypnus, ii, [459]
  • figure of, ii, [460]
• Pholidophoridæ, ii, [26], [29], [36], [41]
• Pholidophorus, ii, [28]
  • figure of, ii, [29]
• Pholidurus, ii, [22]
• Pholis, i, 209; ii, [512]
  • figure of, ii, [512]
• phosphorescent groups, i, 187
• phosphorescent organs,
  • artificial stimulation of, i, 191
  • chemical action in, i, 196
  • cross-section of, i, 193
  • Greene on, i, 194, 196, 197
  • Lendenfeld on, i, 194, 195
  • of Porichthys, i, 194
• photophores, i, 187, 189
• Phoxinus, ii, [167]
• Phractolamidæ, ii, [48]
• Phrynorhombus, ii, [488]
• Phtheirichthys, ii, [469]
• Phthinobranchii, i, 227-240
• Phyllodus, ii, [396]
• Phyllolepidæ, i, 584
• phylogeny, i, 63, 79
• Phylopteryx, ii, [238]
• Phylyctænaspis, i, 586
• Physoclysti, i, 405; ii, [39], [209]
• physostome, ii, [10]
• Physostomi, i, 405; ii, [39], [40]
• picarel, ii, [347]
• pickerel, i, 4; ii, [147]
• pigfish, ii, [342]
• pigmentation, i, 226
  • effect of spirits on, i, 235
• pigmy sunfishes, ii, [296]
• pike, i, 209, 239, 250, 290, 304, 328, 440; ii, [190]
  • figure of, i, 203, 328; ii, [191]
  • skeleton of, i, 203
• pike-perch, ii, [309]
• pilchard, ii, [50]
• pilot-fish, i, 63; ii, [272]
  • figure of, ii, [273]
• Pimelodus, ii, [183], [186]
• Pimelometopon, ii, [388], [389]
  • figure of, ii, [389]
• pineal organ, i, 111
  • Dean on, i, 112
  • figure of, i, 111
• pine-cone-fish,
  • figure of, i, 16; ii, [257]
• pinfish, ii, [344]
• ping, ii, [91]
• Pinguipedidæ, ii, [363], [499]
• pink, ii, [72]
• pintado, ii, [266]
• pipefish, i, 64, 128, 440
  • family of, ii, [236]
• pirate-perch, i, 290; ii, [294]
  • figure of, ii, [295]
• Pisces, i, 393, 588
  • characteristics of, i, 506
• Piso, i, 389
• placoderm, i, 462, 584, 590, 591, 593
• Placodermi, i, 568, 622, 623
• placoid scales, i, 21
• Placopharynx, ii, [174]
  • lower pharyngeal figured, ii, [171]
• Plagioscion, ii, [354]
• Plagiostomi, i, 507
• Plagiuri, i, 392
• Plagyodontidæ, ii, [134], [136]
• Plagyodus, ii, [136]
  • figure of, ii, [135]
• plaice, ii, [487], [493]
• plaice tribe, ii, [492]
• pla-kat, ii, [370]
• Platacidæ, ii, [398], [400], [401]
• Platax, i, 240, 268; ii, [243], [245], [398], [401]
• Platophrys,
  • figure of, i, 174, 175
  • larval form, i, 174
• Platichthys, ii, [482], [493]
  • figure of, ii, [495]
• Platophrys, ii, [481], [482], [488]
  • larval stages of, figured, ii, [484]
• Platycephalidæ, i, 267
  • family of, ii, [441]
• Platycephalus, ii, [441]
• Platycormus, ii, [283], [284], [485]
• Platyglossus, ii, [390]
• Platyptera, ii, [506]
• Platysomidæ, ii, [4], [14], [15]
• Platysomus, ii, [15]
  • figure of, i, 452
• Platystacus, i, 128; ii, [184]
• Platyurus, i, 364
• Playfair, i, 416
• Plecoglossus, i, 260; ii, [62], [115], [117]
  • figure of, i, 321; ii, [116]
• plectognath fishes, i, 206
• Plectognathi, ii, [9], [40]
  • series of, ii, [411]
• Plectognaths, ii, [291], [411]
• Plectorhynchus, ii, [341]
• Plectospondyli, ii, [40], [161], [162]
• plectospondylous, i, 48
• Plectromus, ii, [253]
• Plectropoma, ii, [323]
• Plesiops, ii, [330], [359]
• Plethodus, ii, [44]
• Pleuracanthus, i, 65, 66, 204, 437, 510, 511, 513
  • diphycercal tail of, i, 80
  • figures of, i, 74, 519, 520
  • headbones and teeth of, figured, i, 520
• Pleurocanthidæ, i, 519, 520, 522, 566
• Pleurogrammus, i, 209
  • figure of, i, 328; ii, [439]
• Pleuronectidæ, i, 290
  • family of, ii, [485]
• Pleuronectinæ, ii, [492]
• Pleuronectes, i, 391; ii, [493]
• Pleuronichthys, i, 206, 257; ii, [493]
  • figure of, i, 441
• Pleuropholis, ii, [29]
• Pleuropterygii, i, 513, 514, 518
• Plioplarchus, ii, [304]
• Plotosidæ, ii, [184]
• Plotosus, ii, [184]
• Plumier, i, 389
• Pneumatosteus, ii, [32]
• Podopteryx, ii, [457]
• Podothecus, ii, [453]
• pond-skipper,
  • figure of, i, 118; ii, [466]
• Pœcilia, ii, [199]
• Pœciliidæ, 22, 125; ii, [194], [198], [199], [201], [213]
  • figure of, i, 126
• Pœcilodus, i, 531
• Poey, i, 376, 415
  • portrait of, i, 413
• Pogonias, i, 595; ii, [354], [357]
  • figure of, ii, [358]
• Pogonichthys, ii, [169]
• poison fishes, i, 180-185, 236
  • figure of, i, 229; ii, [436]
• poison glands, ii, [177], [527]
  • in catfishes, ii, [182]
  • Günther on, ii, [527], [528], [529]
• poisonous fishes, ii, [325], [335]
  • diseases arising from, i, 183
  • varieties of, i, 180, 182, 183
• Polistotrema,
  • figure of, i, 489
• Pollachius, i, 209; ii, [537]
• pollack,
  • figure of, ii, [537]
• Pollard, i, 595, 600
• Polycentridæ, ii, [358]
• Polyclinidæ, i, 477
• Polydactylus,
  • figure of, ii, [225]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, [225]
• Polygnathus,
  • figure of, i, 486
• Polymixia, i, 122; ii, [257]
• Polymixiidæ,
  • family of, ii, [256]
• Polynemidæ, i, 122; 11, 215, 224
• Polynemus, i, 393
• Polyodon, i, 199, 253, 302, 452, 534, 566, 622, 623; ii, [22]
  • figure of, ii, [22]
• Polyodontidæ, i, 290; ii, [20], [21], [22]
• Polyospondyli, i, 509, 530, 561
• Polypteridæ, i, 602, 605
  • Boulenger on, i, 608
• Polypterus, i, 76, 79, 88, 89, 204, 450, 600, 601, 603, 606, 616; ii, [2]
  • figure of, i, 79, 602, 607
  • shoulder-girdle of, figured, i, 600
• Polyrhizodus, i, 555
• Polystylidæ, i, 476
• Pomacanthus, ii, [403], [405]
  • figure of, ii, [403]
• Pomacentridæ, i, 206, 209; ii, [380], [381], [382]
  • organs of smell in, i, 115
• Pomacentrus, i, 235; ii, [383]
  • figure of, ii, [382]
  • species of, ii, [383]
• Pomadasis, ii, [341], [342]
• Pomatomidæ, ii, [278]
• Pomatomus, ii, [278]
  • figure of, i, 324
• pomfret, ii, [286]
• Pomolobus, i, 300; ii, [49], [53]
  • figure of, i, 455; ii, [50]
• Pomotis, i, 302; ii, [379]
• Pomoxis, i, 302; ii, [297]
  • figure of, ii, [297], [298]
• pompon, ii, [341]
• pond-skipper,
  • figure of, i, 118
• pond-smelt, ii, [124]
• poolfishes, i, 159
• pope, ii, [309]
• poppy-fish, ii, [283]
• Popular Science Monthly,
  • reference to, ii, [69]
• porbeagle, i, 537
• porc des rivières, ii, [369]
• porcupine-fish, i, 19, 197; ii, [422], [423]
  • figure of, i, 17; ii, [422]
• porgy, i, 239; ii, [342]
  • varieties of, ii, [344]
• Porichthys, i, 121, 190, 191, 192; ii, [526]
  • figure of, i, 23; ii, [526]
  • Greene on, i, 190; ii, [526]
  • luminous organs of, i, 172
  • phosphorescent organs of, i, 191
• porkfish, ii, [341]
  • figure of, ii, [341]
• portal vein, i, 108
• Portheus, ii, [48]
  • skeleton of, ii, [47]
• Port Jackson shark,
  • eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
• portugais, ii, [405]
• Portuguese man-of-war,
  • figure of, i, 160
• Porcus, ii, [183]
• postembryonic development of fishes, i, 132
• posterior limbs, i, 53
• postero-temporal, i, 90
• post-temporal, i, 88, 90
• Potamorrhaphis, ii, [211]
• Powrie, i, 424
• predatory fishes, i, 116; ii, [164]
• premaxillary,
  • figure of, i, 55
• preopercle, i, 45
• preservation of fishes,
  • Günther on, i, 431
  • methods of, i, 431, 432
• Priacanthidæ, ii, [333]
• Priacanthus, ii, [333]
  • figure of, ii, [331]
• Pribilof sculpin,
  • figure of, ii, [446]
• Priem, i, 427
• priestfish,
  • figure of, ii, [430]
• Prime,
  • on crab-eater as game fish, ii, [282]
• primitive fishes,
  • brain of, i, 112
  • skeleton of, i, 54
• primitive herring-like fishes, i, 454
• primitive sharks, i, 511
  • orders of, i, 513
• Prionace, i, 542
• Prionodus, i, 488
• Prionodes, ii, [329]
• Prionotus, i, 246; ii, [283]
  • figure of, ii, [456]
• Prionurus, ii, [409]
• Priscacara, ii, [381]
• Pristipoma, i, 375
• Pristididæ, i, 549
• Pristodontidæ, i, 555
• Pristiophoridæ,
  • family of, i, 548, 549
• Pristiophorus, i, 199
  • figure of, i, 201, 548
• Pristis, i, 199, 548
  • figure of, i, 200
• Pristiurus, i, 70
• proach, ii, [445]
• Proantigonia, ii, [400]
• Proballostomus, ii, [201]
• problem of highest fishes,
  • Gill on, i, 383
• problem of Oatka Creek, i, 282
• process of natural selection, i, 297, 302
• Prochanos, ii, [45]
• Prognathodes, ii, [404]
• Progymnodon, ii, [423]
• Prolebias, ii, [201]
• Promethichthys, ii, [267]
• Promicrops, ii, [323]
• pronephros, i, 619; ii, [5], [8]
• Pronotocanthus, ii, [157]
• Propristis, i, 550
• propterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523
• Prosarthri, i, 509, 526
• proscapula, i, 89
• prosencephalon, i, 109
  • figure of, i, 111
• Protamia, ii, [36]
• Protaulopsis, ii, [233]
• protection,
  • through poisonous flesh, i, 182
  • of young, i, 128
• protective,
  • coloration, i, 226
  • markings, i, 228
• Proteus, i, 600
• Protocatostomus, ii, [56]
• protocercal tail, i, 81, 598
  • Wyman on, i, 81
• Protochordata, i, 460-466
• Protonotacanthidæ, ii, [157]
• Protopterus, i, 82, 85, 100, 204, 450, 613, 616, 617
  • figure of, i, 622
• Protoselachii, i, 523
• Protosphyræna, ii, [34]
• Protosphyrænidæ, ii, [34]
• Prostospondyli, ii, [23], [34]
• Protosyngnathus, ii, [233]
• Prototroctes, i, 252; ii, [128]
• protozoan parasites, i, 342
• Provençal i, 95
• Psammobatis, i, 553
• Psammodus, i, 558, 559
• Psammosteidæ, i, 574
• Psenes, ii, [285]
• Psenopsis, ii, [284]
• Psephodus, i, 531
• Psephurus, i, 199, 253, 452, 622, 623
  • figure of, ii, [21]
• Psettidæ, ii, [291]
• Psettus, ii, [398], [400]
  • figure of, ii, [399]
• Pseudecheneis, ii, [184]
• Pseudeleginus, ii, [502]
• Pseudobagrus, ii, [183]
• Pseudoberyx, ii, [52]
• Pseudoblennius, i, 260; ii, [448]
• pseudobranch, ii, [7]
• pseudobranchiæ, i, 92
• Pseudocheilinus, ii, [390]
• Pseudochromipidæ, ii, [359]
• Pseudogaleus, i, 533
• Pseudojulis, ii, [389]
• Pseudolabrus, ii, [390]
• Pseudomonacanthus, ii, [415]
• Pseudopleuronectes, i, 174; ii, [493]
  • larval figures of, i, 176; ii, [483]
• Pseudopriacanthus, ii, [332], [333]
  • figure of, ii, [332]
• Pseudorhombus, ii, [492]
• Pseudoscaphirhynchus, ii, [18], [20]
• Pseudoscarus, i, 329; ii, [394], [396]
  • figure of, i, 330
• Pseudosciæna, i, 169; ii, [355], [356]
• Pseudotriakidæ,
  • family of, i, 536
• Pseudotriakis, i, 536
• Pseudovomer, ii, [278], [286]
• Pseudogobio, i, 416
• Pseudupeneus, ii, [352]
  • figure of, i, 122, 329; ii, [351]
• Psychrolutes, i, 219; ii, [441], [447], [449]
  • figure of, i, 221; ii, [451]
• Psychromaster, ii, [315]
• Pteraclidæ, ii, [286], [291]
• Pteraclis, ii, [286]
• Pteraspidæ, i, 570
• Pteraspis, i, 569, 571, 591, 622
  • figure of, i, 575
• Pterichthyodes, i, 444, 622
  • figure of, i, 576
• Pterichthys, i, 581
• Pterogobius,
  • figure of, ii, [462]
• Pterois, i, 180, 202; ii, [434]
  • figure of, ii, [435]
• Pterophryne, ii, [550]
  • figure of, ii, [549]
  • species of, ii, [550]
• Pteroplatea, i, 556
• Pteropsaridæ, ii, [502]
• Pteropsaron,
  • figure of, ii, [502]
• Pterothrissidæ, ii, [46]
  • described, ii, [46]
• Pterothrissus, ii, [46]
• Pterophryne,
  • figure of, i, 52
• pterygials, ii, [1]
• Pterygocephalus, ii, [513]
• pterygoid, i, 606
• Ptilichthyidæ, ii, [513]
• Ptilichthys,
  • figure of, ii, [514]
• Ptychochelius, i, 164, 304; ii, [169]
  • figure of, i, 162
• Ptychoderidæ, i, 465
• Ptychodus, i, 557
• Ptycholepis, ii, [26]
  • figure of, ii, [28]
• ptychopterygium, i, 510, 512
• Ptychodus, i, 566
• pudding-wife, ii, [388]
• pudiano, ii, [388]
• puffer, inflated,
  • figure of, ii, [420]
• puffers, i, 206, 236;
  • figure of, ii, [419], [420]
  • silver, ii, [419]
  • tiger, ii, [423]
• pugnacity of fishes, i, 162
• pug-nosed eel, ii, [148]
  • figure of, ii, [149]
• Putnam, i, 405; ii, [522]
• Pycnodonti, ii, [13]
• Pycnodontidæ, ii, [22]
• Pycnodus, ii, [22]
• Pygæidæ, ii, [405]
• Pygæus, ii, [405], [410]
• Pygidiidæ, ii, [185], [186]
• Pygopterus, ii, [14]
• Pygosteus, ii, [231]
• pyloric cæca, i, 26, 32
• Pyrosoma, i, 477
• Pyrosomidæ, i, 477
• quadrate, i, 606
• Quassilabia, ii, [174]
• Quensel, i, 396
• Querimana, ii, [222]
• questions,
  • by Agassiz, i, 284
  • by Cope, i, 288
• quiescent fishes, i, 158
• quillfish,
  • the, ii, [513]
  • figure of, ii, [514]
• quinnat salmon, i, 150, 301; ii, [68], [73]-76
  • figure of, i, 354; ii, [69], [79]
  • young male figured, i, 355
• rabbit-fishes,
  • figure of, ii, [423]
• Rabirubia, ii, [337]
• Rachycentridæ,
  • family of, ii, [282]
• Rachycentron, ii, [470], [468]
  • figure of, ii, [282]
• Rafinesque, i, 395; ii, [315]
  • on imaginary garpike, i, 364, 366
• ragfishes, the, ii, [285]
  • Ogilby on, ii, [285]
• rainbow darter, ii, [315]
• rainbow trout, ii, [96]-98, 100
  • figure of, i, 326; ii, [98], [99]
• Raja, i, 72, 129, 391, 549
  • figure of, i, 448, 552
• Rajidæ, i, 551, 553
• Ranicipitidæ, ii, [539]
• Rangeley trout, ii, [109]
  • figure of, i, 326
• Raniceps, ii, [539]
• Ranzania, i, 84, 412
  • figure of, ii, [425]
• Rapp, i, 411
• Rascasio, ii, [433]
• ratfish, i, 564
• Rathke, i, 428; ii, [144]
• rat-tail, i, 209; ii, [441], [540]
• Ray, i, 390
• ray, i, 9, 24, 35, 117, 508, 509, 549
  • electric organs of, i, 186
• razor-back sucker, ii, [174]
  • figure of, ii, [175]
• razor-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [388]
• recognition marks, i, 7, 231, 232
• records of fishes, i, 433
• red charr, ii, [108]
• red drum,
  • figure of, ii, [356]
• redeye, ii, [168]
• Redfield, i, 423
• redfin, ii, [166]
• Redfieldius, ii, [16]
• redfish, ii, [68], [324], [355], [388]
  • figure of, ii, [389]
• red goatfish, ii, [35]
  • figure of, i, 329
• red grouper, ii, [324]
  • figure of, ii, [325]
• red hind, ii, [324]
  • figure of, ii, [326]
• red-mouth grunt, ii, [340]
• red mullet, ii, [352]
• red mumea, ii, [335]
• red parrot-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [393]
• red porgy, ii, [343]
• red rockfish, ii, [429]
• red rock-trout, ii, [440]
  • skeleton of, figured, i, 214
• red salmon, ii, [69], [71], [82]
  • figure of, ii, [70], [76]
• red snapper, ii, [330], [335]
• red tai, ii, [349]
  • figure of, ii, [342]
• red-throated trout, ii, [102]
• red voraz, ii, [338]
• red wrasse, ii, [387]
• Reed, ii, [112], [113]
  • on trout-fishing, ii, [112]
• Regalecidæ,
  • family of, i, 472
• Regalecus, i, 361; ii, [425], [472], [473], [479]
  • figure of, i, 362, 363
• Regan, ii, [291]
  • on Teleostomi, i, 622, 623
• Règnè Animal, i, 400
• Reighard, i, 428
  • on lampreys, i, 491
• Reinhardt, i, 410; ii, [127]
  • portrait of, i, 409
• Reinhardtius, ii, [491]
• Reis, i, 427, 428, 571
• relations of fish faunas,
  • Japan and Mediterranean, i, 270
• relationships,
  • of Chimæras, i, 563
  • of Palæspondylus, i, 593, 595
• relation of vertebræ to temperature, i, 202
• Remora, i, 197; ii, [468], [469]
• Remorina, ii, [469]
• Remoropsis, ii, [469]
• Remsberg,
  • photograph by, i, 362
• Renard, i, 396
• reproduction of lost parts, i, 150
• Requins, i, 540
• resemblances of fish faunas, i, 259, 260
• respiration, i, 91-108
• Retropinna, i, 252; ii, [123]
• Retzius, i, 428
• Rhabdofario, ii, [62], [118]
• Rhacochilus, ii, [375]
  • figure of, ii, [374]
• Rhacolepis, ii, [44]
• Rhadinichthys, ii, [14]
• Rhamphognathus, ii, [218]
• Rhamphocottidæ, ii, [449]
• Rhamphocottus, ii, [449]
  • figure of, ii, [451]
• Rhamphosidæ, ii, [234]
• Rhamphosus, ii, [234]
• Rhegnopteri,
  • order of, ii, [224]
• Rheopresbe, i, 256; ii, [445]
• Rhina, i, 551
• Rhinæ,
  • suborder of, i, 547
• Rhineastes, ii, [186]
• Rhinellidæ, ii, [134]
• Rhinellus, ii, [134]
  • figure of, ii, [134]
• Rhineodon, i, 540
• Rhineodontidæ, i, 540
• Rhinesomus, i, 377
• Rhinichthys, i, 283, 307
  • figure of, i, 342; ii, [164]
• Rhinidæ, i, 551
• Rhinobatidæ, i, 551
  • family of, i, 550
• Rhinobatis, i, 553
  • figure of, i, 551
• Rhinochimæra, i, 199, 566
• Rhinochimæridæ, i, 565
• Rhinoptera, i, 557
• Rhinotriacis, i, 541
• Rhipidistia, i, 602
• Rhizodontidæ, i, 603
• Rhizodopsis, i, 603
• Rhodeus, i, 129; ii, [164]
• Rhombochirus,
  • figure of, ii, [469]
• Rhomboganoidea, ii, [24]
• Rhomboplites, ii, [337]
• Rhombus, ii, [486]
• Rhyacichthyidæ, ii, [504]
• Rhyacichthys, ii, [504]
• Rhynchias, ii, [522]
• Rhynchobdella, ii, [532]
• Rhynchodus, i, 566
• Rhynchorhinus, ii, [150]
• ribbon-fish, ii, [471], [475], [485]
  • Goode on, ii, [475]
• rice-field eels, ii, [141]
• Richardson, i, 408, 418; ii, [64]
  • on whitefish, i, 322
• Richardson's sculpin,
  • figure of, ii, [451]
• Rio Grande trout,
  • figure of, ii, [106]
• Risso, i, 395
• Rissola,
  • figure of, ii, [520]
• Ritter,
  • on ascidians, i, 474
  • on Enteropneusta, i, 464
• river-bullhead,
  • spawning of, i, 166
• river-drum, ii, [354], [355]
• river-fishes,
  • dispersion of, i, 297-319
• river-ruff, ii, [309]
• river-sculpin, ii, [445]
• river-sheepshead, ii, [354]
• river-trout, ii, [94]
• river-wolf, ii, [190]
• Rivulus, i, 314
• roach, ii, [163], [168]
• robalito, ii, [320]
• robalo, the, i, 320, 355
  • figure of, ii, [319], [324]
• Roccus, i, 291, 324; ii, [321], [330]
  • bones of, i, 35
  • cranium of, i, 36-39
  • figures of, i, 35-39, 46, 48
• Roche, i, 396
• rock-bass, i, 4; ii, [297]
  • figure of, ii, [299]
  • skull of, figured, ii, [296]
• rock-beauty, ii, [404]
  • figure of, ii, [405]
• rock-cod, i, 203; ii, [429]
• rock-cook, ii, [387]
• rockfish, i, 94, 125, 159; ii, [321], [429], [431]
  • figure of, i, 218
• rock-hind, i, 19; ii, [324]
  • figure of, i, 29
• rocklings, i, 209; ii, [520], [539]
• rock-pilots, the, ii, [381]
• rock-pool fishes,
  • figure of, i, 294
• rock-skipper, ii, [510]
  • figure of, ii, [509]
• Rocky Mountains,
  • barriers to dispersion, i, 305
• Rohon, i, 427, 428
• romero, ii, [272]
• roncador, ii, [353], [355], [356]
• ronco amarilla, ii, [340]
• ronco arará, ii, [340]
• Rondelet, i, 361, 388
  • on sea-monster, i, 360
• Rondeletiidæ, ii, [132]
• Ronquilus, ii, [502]
• ronquils, ii, [502]
• rosefishes, i, 125; ii, [428]
  • figure of, ii, [427]
• Rosenthal, i, 428
• rothfisch, ii, [106]
• rough-headed sea-robin, ii, [457]
• roundfish, ii, [63]
• round-herring, ii, [52]
• round-minnow,
  • figure of, ii, [196]
• round-robin, ii, [274]
• rousettes, i, 533
• Rudarius,
  • figure of, i, 241
• rudder-fish, ii, [273], [285], [349], [350]
  • figure of, ii, [349]
• runners, ii, [272]
• Rüppell, i, 411
• Rusconi,
  • on external gills, i, 77
• Russell, i, 396; ii, [473]
• rusty-dab, ii, [493]
• Rutilus, ii, [164], [168]
• Rutter, i, 422; ii, [69], [84]
  • photograph by, i, 355
• Ruvettus, ii, [267]
• Ryder, i, 408, 428
  • on embryos, i, 64
  • on nest-building, ii, [229]
  • on paired limbs, i, 66
  • on tail forms, i, 81, 84
• Rypticus,
  • figure of, ii, [330]
• saboti, ii, [304]
• Saccopharynx, ii, [136], [157]
• Sacramento perch, i, 179
  • figure of, i, 258
• Sagenodus, i, 613
• sailfish, ii, [268]
• sailor-fish, i, 199
• St. Ambrose, ii, [120]
  • on Thymallus, ii, [120]
• St. Hilaire, i, 396, 428
• St. John, i, 426
• Salangidæ, ii, [127]
• Salanx, i, 146; ii, [123], [127], [128]
  • figure of, i, 147; ii, [128]
• sälbling, ii, [108]
• Salar, ii, [90], [93]
• Salarias, i, 208, 271; ii, [510], [511]
• salema, ii, [346]
• Salmo, i, 291, 304, 305, 316-318, 332, 345, 346, 378, 391; ii, [62], [68], [89], [94]-96, 98
  • figure of, i, 326; ii, [98], [99], [101], [104]-106
  • general description, ii, [89]
  • tail of, figured, ii, [486]
• salmon, i, 21, 25, 28, 39, 53, 146, 204, 209, 249, 256, 290, 440; ii, [67]-69, 94, 107, 128, 159
  • artificial propagation of, ii, [88]
  • ascent of cascades, ii, [76]
  • Callbreath on, ii, [89]
  • colors of, ii, [78]
  • family of, i, 61-119
  • habits in ocean, ii, [73]
  • method of descent of stream, ii, [78]
  • mutilation of, ii, [75], [76]
  • nest of, ii, [78]
  • packing of, ii, [87]
  • scales of, i, 21
  • sexual distortion in, i, 129
  • spawning changes in, ii, [89]
  • spawning of, ii, [78]-80
  • spring running, ii, [73]
  • white-meated, ii, [78]
  • of Yukon, i, 73
• salmonete, i, 329
  • figure of, ii, [351]
• salmon fishery,
  • of Japan, ii, [81]
  • output of, ii, [87]
• salmon fry,
  • liberation of, ii, [84]
  • marking of, ii, [84]
• Salmonidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, [61]-119, 127, 130, 161, 190
• Salmonoidea, ii, [41], [61]
• salmonoids, ii, [94], [107]
• salmon pack,
  • estimate of, ii, [80]
• salmon roe, ii, [76]
• salmon shark, i, 447, 537
• salmon trout, ii, [94], [105], [114]
• Salmopercæ, ii, [241]-249
  • suborder of, ii, [241]
• Salpa, i, 477; ii, [348]
• Salpidæ, i, 477
• Salvelini, ii, [95], [106]
• Salvelinus, i, 282, 306, 307, 311; ii, [62], [95], [99], [107], [108]-110, 112-114
  • description of, ii, [107]
  • figure of, i, 326; ii, [110], [111]
• samarang, i, 408
• Samaris, ii, [489]
• samlet,
  • figure of, ii, [116]
• Sancassini, ii, [144]
• Sandalodus, i, 531
• sand-dab, ii, [491]
• sand-darter, ii, [313]
  • figure of, i, 158; ii, [313]
• sandfishes, ii, [364]
  • figure of, ii, [364]
• sand-lance,
  • figure of, ii, [521]
• sand-pike, ii, [308]
• sand-roller,
  • figure of, ii, [241]
• Sandroserrus, ii, [309]
• Sandrus, ii, [309]
• sandstone,
  • fragment figured, i, 435
• sand-sucker, ii, [357]
• sand-whiting, ii, [357]
• San Pedro fish, ii, [244]
• São Paulo, ii, [162]
• Saprolegnia, i, 353; ii, [76]
  • surface on, i, 354
• sarcastic blenny,
  • figure of, ii, [507]
• Sarda, i, 210; ii, [264]
• Sardinella, i, 204, 327, 332; ii, [50]
• sardines, i, 199, 268; ii, [50]
• Sardinia, i, 204
• Sardiniodes, ii, [134]
• Sardinius, ii, [44]
• Sargassum fish,
  • figure of, i, 52; ii, [549]
• sargo, ii, [345]
• Sars, ii, [535]
• saucer-eye porgy,
  • figure of, ii, [345]
• sauger,
  • figure of, ii, [309]
• Sauripterus, i, 603
• Saurocephalus, ii, [48]
• Saurodon, ii, [48]
• Saurodontidæ, ii, [48]
• Sauropsida, i, 601
• Sauropsis, ii, [34]
• Saurorhynchidæ, ii, [17]
• Saurorhynchus, ii, [17]
• saury,
  • figure of, ii, [212]
• sausolele,
  • figure of, ii, [435]
• Sauvage, i, 412, 427
• savalo, ii, [43]
• sawfish, i, 199, 548
  • figure of, i, 550
• saw-shark, i, 549
  • figure of, i, 201, 548
• scabbard-fishes, ii, [267]
• Scænidæ, i, 206
• scales of fish,
  • classification of, i, 20
  • figure of, i, 21, 22
• scamp, ii, [327]
• Scapanorhinus,
  • snout figured, i, 536
• Scaphirhynchus, i, 253, 452; ii, [18], [20]
• Scardinius, ii, [168]
• Scaridæ, ii, [390], [393], [396]
• Scaridea, ii, [391]
• Scartichthys,
  • figure of, i, 294; ii, [510]
• Scarus, ii, [352], [391], [393], [396]
  • figure of, ii, [394]
  • jaws of, figured, ii, [393]
  • pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, [393]
• Scatophagus, ii, [400]
• Scaumenacia, i, 612
• Schedophilus, ii, [285]
• Schilbiosus,
  • figure of, i, 179
• Schilbeodes, i, 180, 202; ii, [177], [182]
  • figure of, ii, [182]
  • structure of, ii, [177]
• Schizocardium, i, 465
• Schlegel, i, 414
• Schmidt, i, 411
• Schnäbel, ii, [63]
• Schnapper, ii, [343]
• Schneider, i, 398
• schoolmaster, ii, [336]
• schoolmaster-snapper,
  • figure of, i, 440
• Schomburgk, i, 415
• Schöpf, i, 395
• Sciæna, i, 391; ii, [356]-358
• Sciænidæ, i, 290; ii, [225], [353]-355, 358
• Sciænops, ii, [355]
  • figure of, ii, [356]
• Sclerodermi, ii, [398], [411], [412]
• scleroderms, ii, [412], [415]
• Scoliodon, i, 542
• Scolopsis, ii, [342]
• Scomber, i, 94, 210, 391; ii, [260], [262], [266]
  • figure of, i, 332; ii, [260]
• Scomberoides, ii, [272], [470]
• Scomberomorus, i, 210, 322; ii, [264], [266]
  • figure of, ii, [264]
• Scomberosomus,
  • figure of, i, 322
• Scomberidea, ii, [258], [271]
• Scombramphodon, ii, [266]
• Scombresox, ii, [211], [214]
  • figure of, i, 212
• Scombridæ, i, 210; ii, [258], [272], [470]
  • family of, ii, [259]
• scombriform fishes, i, 209
• Scombrinus, ii, [266]
• Scombroclupea, ii, [52]
• Scombroidea,
  • suborder of, ii, [258]
• Scombroidei, ii, [291], [484], [485]
• scombroids, ii, [485]
• Scombropidæ, ii, [317]
• Scombrops, ii, [317]
• scopeloid, ii, [474]
• Scopelus, ii, [133]
• Scophthalmus, ii, [486], [488]
• Scopoli, i, 396
• Scorpæna, i, 180, 211, 391; ii, [429], [432], [433], [438]
  • figure of, i, 433, 434
• Scorpænichthys, ii, [442]
  • skull of, figured, i, 427
• Scorpænidæ, i, 94, 207, 211; ii, [363], [426], [435], [441], [503]
  • family of, i, 426, 448
• Scorpænopsis, ii, [434]
• Scorpænopterus, ii, [436]
• Scorpididæ, ii, [397], [398], [400]
• Scorpis, ii, [398], [400]
• scorpion-fishes, i, 207, 429; ii, [426], [433]
• Scudder, i, 405
• sculpin, i, 21, 219, 257, 290, 429, 440; ii, [363], [441], [445], [447]-449
  • buffalo, ii, [443]
  • daddy, ii, [445]
  • eighteen-spined, ii, [446]
  • great, ii, [442]
  • little, ii, [446]
  • long-horned, ii, [447]
  • Pribilof, ii, [446]
  • red, ii, [443]
  • Richardson's, ii, [451]
  • river, ii, [445]
  • sleek, ii, [451]
  • stone, ii, [443]
• scup, ii, [344]
  • figure of, ii, [343]
• scutes, i, 570
• Scuticaria, ii, [153]
• Scymnorhinus, i, 546
• Scyliorhinidæ, i, 127, 532, 533
• Scyliorhinoid shark,
  • skull of, figured, i, 56
• Scyliorhinus, i, 447, 533
• Scyphophori, ii, [188], [207]
  • order of, ii, [188], [189]
• Scytalina,
  • figure of, ii, [519]
• Scytalinidæ, ii, [519]
• sea-bass, i, 135; ii, [320], [323]
  • figure of, i, 137
• sea-bat, ii, [552]
• sea-catfish, ii, [178]
  • eggs of, hatched in mouth, ii, [179]
  • figure of, ii, [179]
• sea-devil, i, 559; ii, [547]
• sea-drum, ii, [357]
• sea-horse, i, 19, 64, 128; ii, [449]
  • family of, i, 236
  • figure of, i, 17
• Seale, i, 422
• sea-mink, ii, [356]
• sea-moth, ii, [239]
  • figure of, ii, [240]
• sea-poacher, i, 208; ii, [449], [453]
• sea-raven,
  • figure of, i, 220; ii, [448]
• sea-robin, i, 246; ii, [457]
  • figure of, ii, [456]
  • rough-headed, ii, [457]
  • striped, ii, [457]
• sea-scorpion, ii, [363]
  • figure of, ii, [434]
• sea-serpent, i, 361; ii, [471], [473]
• sea-snail, i, 217; ii, [39], [454]
• sea-trout, ii, [94]
• sea-waifs, ii, [133]
• sea weed, ii, [512]
• sebago, ii, [92]
• Sebastapistes, ii, [434]
• Sebastes, i, 125, 211; ii, [428]
  • figure of, i, 218; ii, [427]
• Sebastichthys, ii, [428], [429], [433]
  • figure of, ii, [431], [432]
• Sebastiscus, ii, [432]
• Sebastodes, i, 125, 211, 219, 375; ii, [428], [429], [431]-433, 438
  • figure of, ii, [429]
  • skeleton of, figured, i, 214
• Sebastolobus, i, 52-55, 211
  • cranium of, i, 53
  • figure of, ii, [428]
  • lower jaw of, i, 54
  • maxillary of, i, 55
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 52
• Sebastopsis, i, 271; ii, [432]
• Sectator, i, 271; ii, [350]
• Seeley, i, 410
• Segemehl, i, 97
• segments of Dibothrium figured, ii, [103]
• selachians, i, 572, 592
• Selachii, i, 382, 507-509; ii, [9]
• Selachostomi, i, 623; ii, [13]
  • order of, ii, [20]
• Selenaspis,
  • clavicle of, i, 87
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 86
• Selene, ii, [276]
  • development of, figured, i, 148
  • Lütken on, i, 144
  • skeleton of, figured, i, 55
• Selenichthyes, ii, [241]-249
  • suborder of, ii, [243]
• Selenosteus, i, 588
• Selenosteidæ, i, 587
• Semicossyphus, ii, [390]
• Semionotidæ, ii, [23], [24], [26]
• Semionotus,
  • figure of, ii, [24]
• Semiophoridæ, ii, [245]
• Semiophorus, ii, [245]
  • figure of, ii, [246]
• Semon, i, 428
• Semotilus, i, 282; ii, [167]
  • figure of, i, 285; ii, [268]
• señorita, ii, [388]
• sense organs, i, 115-123
• sense of pain, i, 123
• sense of taste, i, 121
• sense of touch, i, 121
• sensorium, i, 153
• sensory nerves, i, 153
• Sergeant Baker, ii, [130]
• sergeant-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [282]
• Seriola, ii, [272], [278]
  • figure of, i, 459; ii, [273]
• Seriphus, ii, [354]
• serran, ii, [329]
• Serrana, ii, [357]
• Serranellus, ii, [329]
• Serranidæ, i, 206, 209, 259, 290; ii, [258], [293], [319], [320], [324], [327], [328], [330], [331], [333], [359], [363]
• serrano, ii, [327], [328]
• Serranus, ii, [328], [363]
• Serrasalmo, ii, [161], [162]
• Sertulariæ, ii, [544]
• sese de lo alto, ii, [336]
• sesele, ii, [304]
• Setarches, ii, [433]
• setiform, i, 30
• sexual coloration, i, 230
• sexual modification,
  • in colors, i, 129
  • in structure, i, 129
• shad, ii, [50], [53], [147]
• shad waiter, ii, [63]
• shagreen grains, i, 570
• sharks, i, 21, 23, 24, 28, 53, 75, 445, 446, 519, 523, 542, 543, 545, 546
  • air-bladder wanting in, i, 506
  • distribution of, i, 459
  • eggs of, i, 127, 433
  • fossil teeth of, i, 546
  • jaws of, i, 35
  • pectoral limbs of, i, 60, 66
  • phosphorescent, i, 189
  • primitive, i, 510, 511
  • shoulder-girdle in, i, 507
  • skull of, i, 56, 57
• shark-sucker, i, 197; ii, [468], [469]
• sharp-nosed flying-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [213]
• Shasta, ii, [97]
• Shaw, i, 398
• sheatfish, ii, [182], [183]
• sheepshead, i, 30, 324; ii, [345], [346]
  • figure of, i, 31; ii, [346]
• shibi, ii, [263]
• shiner, i, 283; ii, [163], [168]
  • figure of, ii, [168]
• shiro-uwo, ii, [127], [467]
• Shooter,
  • head-fish taken by, ii, [424]
• shore-fishes, i, 245
  • distribution of, i, 263-265
• short-nosed garpike,
  • figure of, i, 452
• shoulder girdle, i, 42, 50
  • of batfish, ii, [551]
  • of buffalo-fish, ii, [160]
  • figure of, i, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 86, 88, 89, 600; ii, [225], [227]
  • figure of fossil, i, 521
  • of flounder figured, i, 58; ii, [2]
  • of Ictiobus ii, [160]
  • inner view of, ii, [160]
  • of Neoceratodus, i, 609
  • of Opah figured, ii, [243]
  • of Polypterus, i, 70
  • of Sebastolobus figured, i, 52
  • in sharks, i, 507
  • in true eel, ii, [141]
• shovel-nosed sturgeon i, 253
• shrimp, ii, [147]
• shrimpfishes, ii, [234]
  • figure of, ii, [235]
• Shufeldt,
  • photographs by, i, 7, 13, 137; ii, [181], [305], [333]
• Siebold, i, 411, 414
• sierra, ii, [266]
• Siganidæ, ii, [409], [410]
• Siganus, ii, [410]
• sight organs, i, 116-118
• significance,
  • of resemblance, i, 259
  • of rare forms, i, 262
• Sillaginidæ, ii, [358]
• sillago, ii, [358]
• silk-snapper, ii, [336]
• Siluridæ, i, 149, 205, 280, 290, 293; ii, [60], [178], [182], [186]
• siluroid, i, 290; ii, [529]
• Silurus, i, 391; ii, [182]
• silverfin,
  • figure of, i, 457; ii, [166]
• silver-jaw minnow, ii, [165]
  • figure of, ii, [165]
• silver-jenny, ii, [348]
• silver-king, ii, [43]
• silver-perch, ii, [342]
• silver-salmon, ii, [68], [71], [73], [87]
• silversides, i, 290; ii, [215]
  • figure of, ii, [217]
• silver surf-fish,
  • figure of, i, 309; ii, [375]
• silver-tail, ii, [512]
• silvery anchovy,
  • figure of, ii, [54]
• silvery puffer,
  • figure of, ii, [419]
• Simenchelyidæ, ii, [148]
• Simenchelys, ii, [148]
  • figure of, ii, [149]
• Sindo, i, 418, 422
• singing-fish, i, 121
  • figure of, i, 23; ii, [526]
  • species of, ii, [526]
• Siniperca, ii, [320]
• sinus impar, i, 120
• sinus venosus, i, 108
• Siphonognathidæ, ii, [390]
• Siphonognathus, ii, [390]
• Siphonostoma, ii, [236]
• Sirembo, ii, [524]
• Sirenoidei, i, 612
  • order of, i, 613
• sisco, ii, [66], [67]
• siscowet, ii, [66], [115]
• Sisoridæ, ii, [184]
• skates, i, 28, 551, 552
• skeleton of cowfish,
  • figure of, ii, [418]
• skeleton of fish, i, 10, 34-61
  • of cowfish, i, 215
  • of Chimæra, i, 564
  • parts of, i, 35, 36
  • primitive, i, 54
  • of pike figured, i, 203
  • of red rockfish, i, 214
  • of Selene figured, i, 55
  • of shark, i, 57
  • of spiny-rayed fish, i, 214
• skilfishes, ii, [438]
  • figure of, ii, [438]
• skin-peeler, ii, [415]
• skipjack, ii, [50]
• skippers,
  • Couch on, ii, [211]
• skipping-goby, i, 117
• skittle-dogs, i, 545
• skull,
  • of Anarrhichthys, ii, [517]
  • autostylic, i, 57
  • figure of, ii, [296]
  • of haddock, ii, [536]
  • hyostylic, i, 56, 508
  • of rock-bass, ii, [296]
  • of Scorpænichthys figured, ii, [427]
  • of shark figured, i, 56
• sleek-sculpin,
  • figure of, i, 221; ii, [451]
• sleeper-shark, i, 547
• sleepy Argentine, ii, [134]
• slippery Dick, ii, [388]
  • figure of, i, 297; ii, [180], [396]
• Sloane, i, 389
• small-mouthed bass,
  • figure of, i, 325; ii, [303]
• smear-dab, ii, [494]
• smelt, ii, [66], [91], [120]-138
  • figure of, ii, [123]
• Smerdis, ii, [310], [330]
• Smith, i, 416, 419, 608
  • on Arctic species, i, 317
• Smitt, i, 410
• snailfish, ii, [455]
• snake-blennies, ii, [512]
• snake-eels, ii, [150]
  • figure of, i, 233
• snake-headed China-fish, ii, [371]
  • figure of, i, 150; ii, [371]
• snake-headed mullets, ii, [370]
• snapper, ii, [333], [335], [338]
  • diamond, ii, [337]
  • gray, ii, [334], [335]
  • lane, ii, [336]
  • mahogany, ii, [337]
  • mangrove, ii, [335]
  • mutton, ii, [335]
  • red, ii, [335]
  • silk, ii, [336]
  • true, ii, [337]
  • yellow-tail, ii, [337]
• snipe-eels, ii, [151]
• snipefishes, ii, [234]
• Snodgrass, i, 422; ii, [423]
• snooks, ii, [282], [320]
• snowy grouper,
  • figure of, ii, [329]
• Snyder, i, 418, 420
• Snyderina,
  • figure of, ii, [437]
• soapfishes, ii, [330]
  • figure of, ii, [330]
• sobaco, ii, [413]
• sockeye, ii, [69]
• soft-rayed fishes, i, 204; ii, [39]
• soi, ii, [429]
• soldados, ii, [253]
• Solander, i, 395
• soldier-fish, ii, [315]
  • family of, ii, [253]
  • figure of, ii, [254]
• Solea, i, 327; ii, [487], [496]
• Soleidæ, i, 290; ii, [495], 499
• Soleinæ, ii, [496]
• Solenostomidæ,
  • family of, ii, [236]
• Solenostomus, i, 128; ii, [236]
  • figure of, ii, [237]
• soles, ii, [495]
  • broad, ii, [495]
  • Day on, ii, [496], [497]
  • European, ii, [496]
  • Gill on, ii, [496]
  • habits of, ii, [496]
  • hog-choker, ii, [498]
  • Parker on, ii, [483]
• Sonnerat, i, 395
• Sörensen,
  • on elastic spring, i, 97
• sounds of fishes, i, 168-170
  • Bowring on, i, 168
• soup-fin sharks,
  • figure of, i, 541
• southern zone, i, 253
• spadefish, ii, [400]
  • figure of, i, 325; ii, [401]
• Spaniodon, ii, [43]
• Spaniodontidæ, ii, [47]
• Spanish-flag, ii, [323], [429]
• Spanish-mackerel, i, 64, 210, 322
  • figure of, i, 322; ii, [264]
  • Goode on, ii, [264], [265]
  • Mitchill on, ii, [264]
• Sparidæ, i, 206; ii, [342], [344], [346], [372]
  • family of, ii, [342]
• Sparisoma, i, 268; ii, [352], [391], [392], [396]
  • figure of, ii, [392]
  • jaws figured, i, 30
• Sparnodus, ii, [347]
• Sparus, i, 259, 263, 391; ii, [346]
• Spathiurus, ii, [36]
• Spaulding, ii, [84]
  • marking of fry by, ii, [84]
• spawning-grounds,
  • return to, ii, [82]
• spawning of salmon, i, 160
• special creation impossible, i, 295
• spearfish, i, 199; ii, [469]
• specialized fishes, i, 249
• species, i, 371
  • absent through barriers, i, 238
  • changed through natural
  • selection, ii, [239]
  • characters of, i, 292
  • conditions favorable to, i, 301
  • extinction of, i, 239
  • meaning of, i, 293, 379
  • special creation, i, 295
  • transfer of, i, 312
• speckled flounder, ii, [488]
• speckled hind, ii, [324]
  • figure of, ii, [325]
• speckled trout,
  • figure of, i, 326; ii, [110]
• Spengel,
  • on Enteropneusta, i, 464
• Spengelia, i, 465
• Spengeliidæ, i, 465
• sperling, ii, [123]
• Sphærodon, i, 268
• Sphagebranchus, ii, [151]
• Sphagepæa, i, 565
• sphenial, i, 606
• Sphenocephalus, ii, [252]
• Spheroides, i, 206; ii, [419]-421
  • figure of, i, 420
• Sphyrænidæ, i, 206
  • family of, ii, [222]
• Sphyræna, ii, [221]
  • figure of, ii, [223]
• Sphyrænodus, ii, [266]
• Sphyrna, i, 543
  • figure of, i, 544
• Sphyrnidæ, i, 543
• Spicara, i, 260; ii, [347]
• Spinacanthidæ, ii, [415]
• Spinacanthus, ii, [415]
• Spinachia, ii, [232]
• spinal cord, i, 112
• spineless trunkfish,
  • figure of, i, 378; ii, [417]
• spines of catfish, i, 179
• spiny eels, ii, [157]
• spiny-rayed fishes, i, 21, 206-208; ii, [39], [208], [307]
  • skeleton of, figured, i, 214
• spiracle, i, 92
• Spiraculis, i, 393
• spiral valve, i, 32
• splenial, i, 43
• split-tail, ii, [169]
• Spondyliosoma, i, 260, 267; ii, [348], [350]
• spookfishes, i, 564
• spot, ii, [356]
• spotted trout, ii, [105]
• spotted trunkfish, ii, [416]
  • figure of, i, 377; ii, [417]
• spotted weakfish,
  • figure of, ii, [353]
• sprat, i, 204; ii, [50], [123]
• spring salmon, ii, [80]
• Squalidæ, i, 531, 543, 545, 546, 566
• Squaloraja, i, 566
• Squalorajidæ, i, 566
• Squalus, i, 391
  • figure of, i, 545
• Squamipinnes, ii, [209], [411]
• Squamipinus, ii, [397]-410
• square-tails, ii, [291]
• Squatina, i, 548
  • brain of, figured, i, 547
  • pectoral fin figured, i, 56
• Squatinidæ, i, 549, 554
• squawfish,
  • figure of, i, 162; ii, [169]
  • spawning journey of, i, 164
• squeteague, ii, [353]
• squirrel-fish, ii, [253], [329]
• Stannius, i, 428
• star-gazer, ii, [364], [503]
  • figure of, i, 187, 504
• Starks, C. L.
  • drawings of fishes i, 36-39
• Starks, E. C., i, 420
  • on berycoid skull, ii, [250]
  • on fish skeleton, i, 39
• starry-flounder, ii, [493]
  • figure of, ii, [495]
• star-spined ray,
  • figure of, i, 448
• Stearns, i, 419
• steelhead, ii, [94], [96], [99], [100]
  • figure of, ii, [101]
• steelhead-trout,
  • figure of, i, 327
• Steenstrup, i, 410
• Stegocephali, i, 606
• Stegostoma, i, 533
• Stegothalami, i, 584
  • Dean on, i, 585
• Steindachnerella, ii, [541]
• Steindachner, i, 411, 414, 427
  • portrait of, i, 403
• Steindachneria,
  • figure of, ii, [541]
• Steinegeria, ii, [286]
• Steinegeriidæ, ii, [286]
• Stelgis,
  • figure of, ii, [451]
• Steller, i, 395; ii, [135]
  • on quinnat salmon, ii, [68]
• Stellifer, i, 271; ii, [355]
• Stenodus, ii, [62], [68]
  • figure of, ii, [67]
• Stenotomus, ii, [344]
  • figure of, ii, [343]
• Stephanoberycidæ,
  • family of, ii, [223]
• Stephanoberyx, ii, [223]
• Stephanolepis, ii, [414], [415]
  • figure of, i, 182, 415
• Stereobalanus, i, 465
• Stereolepis, ii, [321]
• Sternoptychidæ, ii, [137]
• Sternoptyx, i, 357; ii, [137]
• Stethojulis, ii, [390]
• Stichæiniæ, ii, [511]
• Stichæus, ii, [513]
  • figure of, ii, [513]
• stickleback, i, 51, 128, 250, 290; ii, [157], [215], [228], [229], [232]
  • fighting of, i, 165
  • figure of, ii, [232]
  • shoulder-girdle of, ii, [227]
  • spines of, i, 179
• Stieda, i, 428
• Stiles,
  • on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
• stingaree, i, 556
• sting-bull, ii, [501]
• stingfish, ii, [501]
• sting-rays, i, 84, 267, 549
  • figure of, i, 246, 555
  • spines of, i, 182
• Stizostedion, ii, [308]
  • figure of, ii, [309]
• Stolephorus, ii, [52]
• Stomias,
  • figure of, ii, [128]
• Stomiatidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, [128]
• Stone, ii, [80]
  • on rate of travel of salmon, ii, [80]
• stone-bass, ii, [323]
• stone-cats, ii, [182]
• stone-roller, i, 157; ii, [166]
  • figure of, i, 33; ii, [167]
• stone-sculpin, ii, [443]
• stonewall perch, ii, [359], [360]
• stony-flounder, ii, [482]
• Storer, i, 418
• Storms, i, 427
  • on fossil remora, ii, [469]
• Stratodontidæ, ii, [137]
• Stratodus, ii, [137]
• Strinsia, ii, [539]
• striped-bass, i, 48, 53; ii, [37], [321]
  • bones of, i, 39, 45
  • figure of, i, 35
  • tail of, i, 49
  • vertebral column of, i, 48
• striped-mullet,
  • figure of, i, 330
• striped sea-robin, ii, [457]
• Ström, i, 396
• Stromateidæ, i, 160; ii, [215], [259], [284], [291], [398], [485]
  • family of, ii, [283]
• Stromateus, i, 391; ii, [283], [291]
• sturgeon, i, 128, 204, 250, 257, 290; ii, [18]-21, 159, 160, 182, 186
  • child swallowed by, ii, [182]
  • of Danube, ii, [182]
  • figure of, ii, [19], [20]
  • larva of, figured, i, 141
• Styela,
  • figure of, i, 475, 476
• Stygicola, i, 314; ii, [524]
• Stylephoridæ, ii, [480]
• Stylephorus, ii, [480]
• subgenus, i, 373
• suborbital stay, i, 44
• subspecies, i, 294
• sucker, i, 156, 198, 290, 304; ii, [56], [171], [172], [174]
  • California, ii, [174]
  • carp, ii, [173]
  • common, ii, [174]
  • figure showing parasites, i, 348
  • Oregon, ii, [175]
  • razor-backed, figured, ii, [175]
• sucking-disks,
  • of clingfish, i, 198
• sucking-fish,
  • figure of, i, 197; ii, [468]
• Suckley, i, 419
• Sudis, ii, [9], [136]
• Suez Canal, i, 268
• sukkegh, ii, [69]
• Suletind watershed, i, 307
• Sulphur, the, i, 408
• summer herring,
  • figure of, i, 455
• Sunapee trout,
  • figure of, ii, [109]
• sunfish, i, 3-15, 28, 209, 290; ii, [37], [297], [424]
  • banded, ii, [299]
  • blue-green, i, 26
  • common figured, i, 7; ii, [301]
  • description of, i, 4
  • dwarf, ii, [467]
  • figure of, i, 2, 4, 27
  • food of, i, 11
  • long-eared, i, 3; ii, [300]
  • nine-spined, ii, [301]
  • photograph of, i, 13
  • pigmy, ii, [297]
• supraclavicle, i, 89
• Surface,
  • on destruction of fish, i, 357
  • on lampreys, i, 491-505
  • on Saprolegnia, i, 354-356
• surf-fish, i, 125, 207, 290; ii, [372], [373]
  • blue, ii, [375]
  • silver, ii, [375]
  • thick-lipped, ii, [374]
  • wall-eye, ii, [375]
  • white, ii, [374]
• surf-shiner, ii, [376]
• surf-smelt, ii, [123], [124], [127]
• surf-whiting, ii, [357]
• surgeon-fish, ii, [407]
  • lancet of, i, 181
• surmullets, i, 122, 198, 322; ii, [351]-379
• suspensorium of mandible, i, 43
• susuki, i, 324; ii, [320]
• Swain, i, 422
• Swainson, i, 410
• swallowers, ii, [360]
• Swammerdam, i, 390
• swampy watersheds, i, 314
• Swan, ii, [123]
  • on Mesopus, ii, [123]
• sweetfish, ii, [115]
• sweet-perch, ii, [363]
• swell-sharks, i, 197, 533
• swell-toad, ii, [420], [423]
• swim-bladder, ii, [95]
• swordfish, i, 169, 199, 210; ii, [269]
  • adult, figured, ii, [270]
  • Goode on, ii, [270]
  • Owen on, ii, [270], [271]
  • vessels struck by, ii, [270]
  • young, figured, ii, [269]
• swordtail-minnow,
  • figure of, i, 124; ii, [199]
• Syacium,
  • figure of, ii, [488]
• Syllæmus, ii, [224]
• Symbranchia, ii, [140]
  • order of, ii, [140]
• Symbranchidæ, ii, [141]
• Symbranchus, ii, [141]
• Symphodus, i, 268; ii, [387]
• Symphurus,
  • figure of, ii, [498]
• symplectic bone, ii, [156]
• Synagrops, ii, [317]
• Synanceia, i, 180; ii, [434]
  • figure of, i, 229
• Synaphobranchidæ, ii, [149]
• Synaphobranchus, ii, [149]
  • figure of, ii, [149]
• Synaptura, ii, [497]
• Synchiropus, ii, [506]
• Synechodus,
  • eggs of, i, 527
• Synentognathi, ii, [190], [208]-214
  • suborder of, ii, [209]
• Syngnathidæ,
  • family of, i, 236
• Syngnathus, i, 170, 391; ii, [236]
• Synodontidæ, ii, [130], [133]
• Synodontis, ii, [182]
• Synodus, ii, [190]
  • figure of, ii, [130]
• synonymy and priority,
  • Coues on, i, 374
• Syntegmodus, ii, [44]
• Syrski, ii, [144], [145]
  • on eels, ii, [145]
• Systema Naturæ, i, 373
• Tachysurus, ii, [178], [179], [86]
• Tænioides, ii, [467]
• Tæniosomi, ii, [292], [459]-480
  • suborder of, ii, [471], [472]
• Tæniotoca, ii, [375]
• Tæniura, i, 557
• tahanohadai, ii, [363]
• Tahoe trout,
  • figure of, i, 327; ii, [104]
• tai-fishing,
  • illustration of, i, 338
• tail forms, i, 49, 50, 80-85
• taiva, ii, [342]
• Talisman, i, 408; ii, [60]
• Talismania, ii, [60]
• Tamiobatidæ, i, 532
• Tamiobatis, i, 551
• tangs, ii, [407]
• Tantogolabrus, ii, [387]
• Tarpon, i, 157, 205; ii, [35], [51]
  • figure of, ii, [43]
• Tarrassiidæ, i, 602
• Tarrassius, i, 602
• tarwhine, ii, [344]
• tautog, ii, [387]
  • figure of, ii, [385], [386]
• Tautoga, i, 207; ii, [385]
• taxonomy, i, 367, 368
• Tectospondyli, i, 448, 510, 513, 519, 545, 549
  • order of, i, 543
  • Woodward on, i, 543
• tectospondylous, i, 49
• teeth, i, 29, 30, 201
  • of Ceratodus figured, i, 614
  • of Chimæra, i, 562
  • of Corax, i, 543
  • figured, i, 522, 524
  • of Janassa, i, 554
  • of sharks, i, 515, 527, 529, 537
• Teleocephali, i, 405; ii, [39], [40], [209]
• Teleosteans, i, 384
• Teleostei, i, 66, 204, 622, 624; ii, [2], [5], [37]
  • sympathetic system of, i, 114
• Teleostomes, i, 599
• Teleostomi, i, 462, 572, 583, 598, 599, 603
  • Regan on, i, 622
• teleosts, i, 35, 135, 139, 141, 204, 569; ii, [1], [3], [4], [159]
• Telepholis, ii, [133]
• Telescopias, ii, [317]
  • figure of, ii, [318]
• teleotemporal, i, 90
• Temnothoraci, i, 584, 586
• temperature,
  • affecting distribution, i, 242
• tenacity of life in fishes, i, 146, 147, 149
• tench, ii, [168]
• tengudai, ii, [333]
• tengusame, i, 534
• ten-pounder, ii, [35], [43]
  • figure of, i, 454; ii, [42]
• Terapon, ii, [342]
• Teraponidæ, ii, [342]
• Tertiary fishes, i, 440
• Tertiary ganoids, ii, [140]
• tessellated darter,
  • figure of, ii, [312]
• tessellated teeth, i, 30, 549
• Tetragonolepis, i, 24
  • figure of, ii, [26]
• Tetragonopterus, i, 314; ii, [161], [162], [381]
• Tetragonuridæ, ii, [215]
  • family of, ii, [291]
• Tetragonurus, ii, [291]
• Tetraodon, i, 169, 197, 206, 236, 393, 611; ii, [420]
  • figure of, i, 183, 244; ii, [421], [422]
• Tetraodontidæ, i, 182; ii, [421]
  • family of, ii, [419]
• Tetrapturus, i, 257; ii, [269]
• Tetrarhynchus, ii, [134]
• Tetronarce, i, 554
• Teuthidæ, ii, [291]
• Teuthididæ, ii, [407], [409]
• Teuthis, i, 268, 271, 293; ii, [407]
  • figure of, i, 181; ii, [407], [408]
• Thacher,
  • on paired limbs, i, 70
• thalamencephalon, ii, [6], [8]
• Thalassoma, i, 207, 267, 271; ii, [389]
• Thalassophryne, i, 180; ii, [526], [527]
  • poison organ of, ii, [528], [529]
  • structure of, ii, [527], [528]
• Thalassothia, ii, [526]
• Thaleichthys, ii, [124]
  • figure of, i, 320; ii, [19], [124]
  • sketch of, ii, [125]
• Thaliacea, i, 477
• Thaumaturus, ii, [119]
• Thelodontidæ, i, 574, 579
• Thelodus, i, 570, 573
• Theragra, i, 209
  • figure of, ii, [537]
• Therobromus, ii, [127]
• Thetis, the, i, 410
• thick-lipped surf-fish,
  • figure of, i, 374
• Tholichthys, i, 144; ii, [402]
• Thollière, i, 427
• Thompson, i, 410, 418
• Thoracici, i, 393; ii, [39]
• Thoracies, ii, [209]
• Thoreau, ii, [190], [308]
• thread-eel, ii, [151], [152]
  • figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, [152]
• threadfins, i, 122; ii, [215], [224]
  • figure of, ii, [225]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, [225]
• threadfish, ii, [276]
• threadhead worms, i, 351
• thread-herring, ii, [51], [53]
• three-forked hake, ii, [539]
• three-spined stickleback,
  • figure of, ii, [232]
• thresher-shark, i, 536
• Thrissopater, ii, [43]
• Thrissops, ii, [41]
• Thryptodontidæ, ii, [44]
• Thryptodus, ii, [44]
• Thunberg, i, 416
• thunder-pumper, ii, [354], [355]
• Thunnus, i, 210, 272; ii, [262]
• Thursius, i, 604
• Thwaite shad, ii, [50]
• Thyestes, i, 576
• Thymallidæ, ii, [120]
• Thymallus, i, 305; ii, [120], [121], [122]
  • figure of, i, 328; ii, [120], [122]
• Thyrsites, ii, [267]
• Thyrsitocephalus, ii, [267]
• tide pools of Misaki,
  • view of, i, 161
• tiger-puffer, ii, [423]
• tiger-sharks, i, 533
• Tilapia, ii, [380]
• tilefish, ii, [361]
  • catastrophe to, ii, [362]
  • Collins on, ii, [362]
  • Gill on, ii, [361], [362]
• Tilesius, i, 396, 416
• Tinca, i, 345; ii, [168], [175]
• tiñosa, ii, [276]
• Tiphle, ii, [236]
• Titanichthyidæ, i, 587
• Titanichthys, i, 583, 587, 589
• Titicaca Lake,
  • peculiar fish from, ii, [201]
• toadfish, ii, [525], [526]
  • Brazilian, ii, [526]
  • poison, ii, [526]
  • poison-organs of, i, 180
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
• tomcod, ii, [537]
  • figure of, ii, [538]
• tomtates, ii, [341]
• tongue-fish, ii, [488], [497]
• tooth,
  • of Hybodus, figured, i, 528
  • of Lamnidæ, i, 538
• topknot, ii, [488]
• top-minnow, i, 118; ii, [198], [199], [467]
  • figure of, ii, [198]
• toque, ii, [114]
• torabuku, ii, [423]
• tori, ii, [6]
• Tornaria,
  • figure of, i, 463
• torpedo, i, 268; ii, [183], [188]
  • figure of, i, 186; ii, [183]
  • fin rudiments in, i, 71
• torsk, ii, [539]
• toto, ii, [398]
• totuava, ii, [354]
• Townsend, ii, [502]
• Tower,
  • on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95, 96
  • on weakfish, i, 94
• Toxotes, i, 240, 268; ii, [400]
• Toxotidæ, ii, [400]
• Trachicephalus,
  • figure of, i, 456; ii, [438]
• Trachichthyidæ, ii, [253]
• Trachichthys, i, 263; ii, [252]
• Trachidermus, ii, [445]
• Trachinidæ, ii, [500], [501], [506], [525]
• Trachinotus, i, 322; ii, [276]
• Trachinus, i, 169, 180, 391; ii, [500], [501]
  • Boulenger on, ii, [501]
• Trachosteus, i, 583, 588, 589, 590
• Trachurops, ii, [275]
• Trachurus, i, 210, 274
  • figure of, ii, [274]
• Trachypteridæ,
  • family of, ii, [477]
  • Goode and Bean on, ii, [479]
• Trachypterus, i, 144; ii, [425], [477]
  • figure of, ii, [478]
  • Günther on, ii, [480]
• Trachyrhynchus, ii, [541]
• trahira, ii, [162]
• transportation of fishes, i, 150
• Trautschold, i, 427
• Traquair, i, 426, 428
  • on Gnasthome, i, 573
  • on high and low forms, i, 381, 382
  • on Ostracophores, i, 569-571
  • on Palæospondylus, i, 591
  • portrait of, i, 425
  • on sharks, i, 512
• Traquairia, i, 517
• Travailleur, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
• tree-climber of India,
  • Daldorf on, i, 163
• treefish, ii, [431]
• Tremataspidæ, i, 576
• trematodes, i, 344
• Triakis, i, 541
• Triacanthidæ, ii, [412]
• Triacanthodes, ii, [412]
• Triacanthus, ii, [412]
• Trichina, i, 352
• Trichiurichthys, ii, [268]
• Trichiuridæ, i, 210; ii, [472]
  • family of, ii, [267]
• Trichiurides, ii, [32]
• Trichiurus, ii, [268], [479]
  • figure of, ii, [268]
• Trichodon,
  • figure of, ii, [364]
• Trichodontidæ, ii, [364], [506]
• trinomial nomenclature, i, 378
• trigger-fishes, i, 440; ii, [412], [413]
  • figure of, i, 184, 412
• Trigla, i, 169, 391; ii, [456], [457]
  • air-bladder of, i, 97
• Triglidæ, i, 122, 208; ii, [455]
  • family of, ii, [455]
• Triglops, ii, [442]
  • figure of, ii, [443]
• Triglopsis, i, 317; ii, [447]
• Trigonodon, ii, [347]
• Triodon, ii, [419]
• Triodontidæ, ii, [418]
• Tripterygian, ii, [508]
• Tristichopterus, i, 603
• Trochocopus, ii, [388]
• Troglichthys, i, 220, 222; ii, [202], [203]
• tropical fishes,
  • species of, i, 271
  • variety among, i, 333
• Tropidichthyidæ, ii, [421]
• Tropidichthys, i, 115; ii, [422]
• Troschel, i, 415
• trout, i, 156, 250, 290, 304, 326, 327; ii, [38], [41], [61], [89], [90], [107], [121], [128], [147], [168]
  • tail figure of, ii, [486]
  • of Utah basin, ii, [104]
  • of Yellowstone, i, 345
• trout-perch, i, 241, 290; ii, [61]
  • figure of, ii, [242]
• trout-spotted darter, ii, [314]
• trout-worm, ii, [103]
  • figure of head, ii, [103]
  • segments of, figured, ii, [103]
• trucha, ii, [320]
• true eels, ii, [141]
  • shoulder-girdle in, ii, [141]
• true perches, ii, [304]
• true sharks, i, 523-560
• true snapper, ii, [337]
• trumpeter, ii, [363]
• trumpet-fish, i, 51, 440
  • family of, i, 233
  • figure of, i, 234
• truncate, i, 19
• truncus arteriosus, ii, [6]
• trunkfishes, i, 16, 19, 206, 373, 375, 378, 429; ii, [415]-417
  • figure of, i, 373, 376, 377
  • horned, ii, [416]
  • hornless, ii, [419]
  • spineless, ii, [417]
  • spotted, ii, [416]
• Trypauchen, ii, [467]
• tschawytscha, ii, [73]
• Tschudi, i, 415
• tsuzume, ii, [402]
• tullibee, ii, [67]
• tunicates, i, 460, 462, 467-481
  • adult, figured, i, 480
  • anatomy, figured, i, 472
  • Kingsley on, i, 467, 468, 469
  • larva, figured, i, 471
  • Ritter on, i, 474
• tunny, i, 19, 210
  • great, ii, [262]
• turbots, i, 206, 328; ii, [488], [489]
  • tribe, the, ii, [487]
• Turner,
  • on Dallia, ii, [207]
• Turton, i, 410
• Tutuila Island,
  • lizard skipper from, i, 230
• Twin Lakes,
  • trout of, i, 241
• Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307, 308, 309, 310
  • Evermann on, i, 307
• tyee, ii, [69]
• Tylosurus, i, 128
  • figure of, ii, [210]
  • shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
• Typhlichthys, i, 220, 314; ii, [201], [202]
  • figure of, i, 116; ii, [202]
• Typhlogobius, i, 198; ii, [467]
• Typodus, ii, [222]
• uku, i, 325; ii, [338]
• Ulæma, i, 271
• ulchen, ii, [124]
  • figure of, i, 320; ii, [124]
• Umbra, i, 253; ii, [35]
  • figure of, ii, [193]
• Umbridæ, i, 290; ii, [193], [194]
• Umbrina, ii, [356], [357]
  • figure of, ii, [357]
• umiuma, i, 429
• uncertain conclusions, i, 79
• Undina, i, 204, 605
• unicorn-fish, ii, [409], [415]
• U. S. Fish Commission, ii, [69]
• Upeneus, ii, [353]
• Upham,
  • on glacial effects, i, 275
• upland fishes, i, 311
• Uranidea, ii, [443], [445]
  • figure of, ii, [445]
• Uranoplosus, ii, [22]
• Uranoscopus, i, 259, 260, 393; ii, [361], [364], [503], [504]
• Uranoscopidæ, ii, [503], [504], [506], [525]
• Urenchelyidæ, ii, [142]
• Urenchelys, ii, [142]
• ureters, ii, [6]
• Urochordata, i, 460
• Urodela, i, 76
• Urolophus, i, 555-557
• Uronemidæ, i, 612
• Uronemus, i, 612
• Urophycis, i, 187; ii, [538]
• Uropterygius, ii, [153]
• urosome, i, 84, 85
• Urosphen, ii, [234]
• Urosphenidæ, ii, [234]
• urostyle, i, 84
• Usinosita, ii, [498]
• uu, i, 162
• vaca, i, 235; ii, [327]
• Vahl, i, 396
• Vaillant, i, 412
  • portrait of, i, 413
• Valenciennellus, ii, [134]
• Valenciennes, i, 401, 404
• Valenciennesia, ii, [460]
• Valentyn, i, 396
• Valisneri, ii, [144]
• Valisneria, ii, [144]
• Van Dyke, ii, [93]
  • on Ouananiche, ii, [93]
• vaqueta de dos colores, ii, [404]
• variability of instinct,
  • Whitman on, i, 156
• variation in colors, i, 235
• variation in fin-rays, i, 211
• Variola, ii, [327]
• vasa efferentia, ii, [6]
• vas deferens, i, 28
• Velifer, ii, [286]
• Vellitor, i, 260; ii, [448]
• vendace, ii, [67]
• venomous spines,
  • of catfish, i, 179
  • of scorpion-fish, i, 180
• ventral fins, i, 10
• Venustodus, i, 531
• Verasper, ii, [492]
• ver blanc, i, 351
• Verilus, ii, [338]
• vertebræ, i, 203, 205
• vertebræ in fishes, i, 212
  • Boulenger on, i, 213
  • figure of, i, 510
• vertebral column, i, 46-48
  • figure of, i, 48
• vertebral column,
  • of lancelet, i, 55
  • of Roccus, i, 48
• verrugato, ii, [356]
• vessels engaged in fish-collecting, i, 408, 410
• villiform teeth, i, 29
• Vinciguerra, ii, [408]
  • portrait of, i, 413
• Vinciguerria, ii, [134]
• Vinson,
  • on Gourami, ii, [369]
• Violante, the, i, 408; ii, [60]
• viper-fish, ii, [129]
• Vireosa, ii, [460]
  • figure of, ii, [461]
• viscera of fish, i, 26, 28
• viviparous fishes,
  • figure of, i, 125, 126, 222; ii, [200]
• viviparous perch,
  • figure of, ii, [379]
• voices of fishes, i, 121
• Vogmar, ii, [477]
• Vogt, i, 428
• Volador, ii, [458]
• Vomer, ii, [276]
• vomer, i, 6
• Vomeropsis, ii, [278]
• wachna cod, ii, [537]
• Wagner, i, 427
• Waha Lake, ii, [104]
• Waite, i, 408, 416
  • portrait of, i, 409
• Walbaum, i, 397; ii, [68]
• Walcott, i, 428, 603
  • on fossil chimæroids, i, 565
  • on oldest forms, i, 435
• walking-fish, i, 167
• wall-eye, ii, [307]
• wall-eyed surf-fish, ii, [375]
• Walton, i, 336, 337
• Ward,
  • on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
• Wardichthys, ii, [15]
• water-beetle, ii, [144]
• water-pig, ii, [369]
• watersheds, i, 305
  • the Cassiquiare, i, 307
  • how fishes cross, i, 306
  • the Suletind, i, 306
  • swampy, i, 314
  • Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307
• weakfish, ii, [353]
• Weber, i, 428
  • on swim-bladder, i, 96
• Weberian apparatus, i, 93, 96, 97; ii, [160]
  • figure of, i, 93; ii, [160]
• weevers, ii, [500]
  • Gill on, i, 500
• weissfelchen, ii, [65]
• weissfisch, ii, [65]
• wels, ii, [182]
• welshmen, ii, [253]
• West Indian fish, i, 235
• whale-shark, i, 540
• whiff, ii, [488], [489]
• whips, i, 206
• whiptail rays, i, 549
• Whiteaves, i, 427
• whitebait, ii, [123], [127], [216]
• white bass, ii, [321]
• white bullhead, ii, [180]
• white catfish,
  • figure of, i, 344
• white channel-cat, ii, [180]
• white chub,
  • figure of, ii, [165]
• whitefish, i, 62-64, 305, 322; ii, [115], [362], [467]
  • figure of, i, 321
• white-mouthed drummers, ii, [356]
• white perch, ii, [321]
  • figure of, ii, [322]
• white sea-bass, ii, [354]
• white sharks, i, 534
• white shiner,
  • figure showing parasites, i, 343
• white surf-fish,
  • figure of, ii, [374]
  • with young figured, i, 125; ii, [372]
• whiting, ii, [537]
• Whitman, i, 428
  • on instincts, i, 156
• Whitmee,
  • on aquarium fishes, i, 165
• Whitney, ii, [116]
• wide-eyed flounder,
  • figure of, ii, [488]
• wide-gape, ii, [545]
• wide-mouthed flounder,
  • figure of, ii, [493]
• Wiedersheim, i, 513
• Williams,
  • on eye of flounder, i, 174-178
• Williamson, i, 423
• Williston, i, 427
• willow-cat, ii, [180]
• Willughby, i, 390
• Winckler, i, 427
• window-pane fish, ii, [488]
  • figure of, ii, [487]
• wine-colored eel, ii, [153]
• wolf-eel, ii, [517]
• wolf-fish, ii, [517]
  • figure of, ii, [517]
• Wolffian duct, i, 28
• Woodward, i, 426, 428, 519, 543, 554, 582, 584, 591, 594, 602; ii, [4], [13], [24], [26], [34], [36], [43], [48], [140], [425], [514], [522]
  • on Acanthodei, i, 514, 516
  • on Chondrostei, ii, [17]
  • on Dorypterus, ii, [16]
  • on eels, ii, [140]
  • on fossil fishes, i, 439
  • on fossil garpike, ii, [32]
  • on Isospondyli, ii, [38]
  • portrait of, i, 425
  • on Pycnodonti, ii, [23]
• Woolman, i, 422
• worm-like eels, ii, [150]
• worm of the Yellowstone, i, 345
• Worthen, i, 426
• wrasse, i, 203; ii, [385], [387]
• wreckfish, ii, [323]
• Wright, i, 427, 428
  • on fishes of Panama, i, 275
• wrymouths,
  • figure of, ii, [516]
• Wyman,
  • on month gestation, i, 170
  • on protocercal tail, i, 81
• Xanthichthys, ii, [413]
• Xererpes, ii, [512]
  • figure of, ii, [511]
• Xenichthys, i, 271; ii, [338]
• Xenistius, i, 271; ii, [338]
  • figure of, ii, [338]
• Xenocephalidæ, ii, [520]
• Xenocephalus, ii, [520]
• Xenocys, i, 271; ii, [338]
• Xenomi, i, 405; ii, [157]
  • order of, ii, [206]
• Xenopterygii, ii, [499]
  • suborder of, ii, [529]
• Xesurus, ii, [409]
• Xiphasia,
  • figure of, ii, [515]
• Xiphasiidæ, ii, [513]
• Xiphias, i, 210, 329, 391; ii, [269]
  • figure of, ii, [270]
• Xiphidiinæ, ii, [511]
• Xiphidion, ii, [512]
• Xiphiidæ,
  • family of, ii, [269]
• Xiphiorhynchus, ii, [269]
• Xiphorphorus,
  • figure of, i, 124; ii, [199]
• Xiphistes,
  • figure of, ii, [512]
• Xyrauchen, ii, [172], [174]
  • figure of, ii, [175]
• Xyrias,
  • figure of, ii, [151]
• Xyrichthys, i, 207; ii, [388]-390
  • figure of, ii, [388]
• Xystæma, ii, [348]
  • figure of, ii, [347]
• Xystreurys, ii, [492]
• Xystrodus, i, 531
• yamabe, i, 327; ii, [95]
• yamanokami, ii, [445]
• Yarrell, i, 410
  • on fishing-frog, i, 169
  • on sounds, i, 168
• yellowback rockfish,
  • figure of, i, 218
• yellow bass, ii, [321]
• yellow catfish, ii, [182]
• yellow-fin grouper, ii, [325]
  • figure of, ii, [327]
• yellow-fin trout, ii, [105]
  • figure of, ii, [105]
• yellow-fish, ii, [324]
• yellow goatfish, ii, [352]
• yellow grunt, ii, [340]
• yellow mackerel, ii, [276]
• yellow perch, ii, [307]
• Yellowstone Lake,
  • trout of, i, 310, 345-347
• Yellowstone Miller's Thumb,
  • figure of, ii, [444]
• yellow-tail, ii, [273]
• yellow-tail roncador, ii, [356]
  • figure of, ii, [357]
• yellow-tail snapper,
  • figure of, ii, [337]
• yezomasu, ii, [71], [72]
• Young, i, 426
  • on angling, i, 337-339
• Zacalles,
  • figure of, ii, [511]
• Zacco, ii, [164]
• zakko, ii, [117], [120]
• Zalarges, ii, [134]
• Zalembrius, ii, [374], [376]
• Zalieutes, ii, [552]
• Zalises,
  • figure of, ii, [240]
• Zanclidæ, ii, [406]
  • family of, ii, [406]
• Zanclus, i, 240, 268; ii, [406]
  • figure of, ii, [406]
• Zaniolepis, ii, [440]
• Zander, ii, [309]
• Zaprora, ii, [286]
• Zaproridæ, ii, [286]
• Zebrasoma, ii, [408], [409]
• Zebrias, ii, [497]
• Zeidæ, ii, [398]
  • family of, ii, [247]
• Zenarchopterus, ii, [212]
• Zenion, ii, [249]
• Zenopsis, ii, [249]
• Zeoidea, i, 241-249
  • suborder of, ii, [245]
• Zeoidei, ii, [484]
• zeoid fishes, ii, [245]
• Zeorhombi, ii, [245]
• Zesticelus, ii, [447]
• Zeugopterus, ii, [488]
• Zeus, i, 259, 263, 267, 391; ii, [243], [249], [398]
  • figure of, ii, [248]
• Zigno, i, 427
• Zingel, ii, [307]
  • figure of, ii, [310]
• Zittel, i, 427; ii, [13], [514]
  • on Lepidostei, ii, [23]
  • on Ostracophores, i, 569
  • portrait of, i, 425
• Zoarces, ii, [144], [518]
  • figure of, ii, [518]
• Zoarcidæ, ii, [518], [522]
• zoogeography, i, 237
• zooids, i, 479
• zootomists, i, 90
• Zostera, i, 476
• Zuieuw, i, 396
• Zygonectes, ii, [199]
  • figure of, ii, [198]

FERNS

A MANUAL FOR THE NORTHEASTERN STATES

WITH ANALYTICAL KEYS BASED ON THE

STALKS AND ON THE FRUCTIFICATION

With over two hundred illustrations from original drawings and photographs

By CAMPBELL E. WATERS