Copyright, 1905
BY
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
Published March, 1905
CONTENTS
VOL. II.
| CHAPTER I. | |
|---|---|
| THE GANOIDS. | |
| PAGE | |
| Subclass Actinopteri.—The Series Ganoidei.—Are the Ganoids a Natural Group?—Systematic Position of Lepidosteus.—Gill on the Ganoids as a Natural Group. | [1] |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| THE GANOIDS (Continued). | |
| Classification of Ganoids.—Order Lysopteri.—The Palæoniscidæ.—The Platysomidæ.—The Dorypteridæ.—The Dictyopygidæ.—Order Chondrostei.—Order Selachostomi: the Paddle-fishes.—Order Pycnodonti.—Order Lepidostei.—Family Lepisosteidæ.—Embryology of the Garpike.—Fossil Garpikes.—Order Halecomorphi.—Pachycormidæ.—The Bowfins: Amiidæ.—The Oligopleuridæ. | [13] |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| ISOSPONDYLI. | |
| The Subclass Teleostei, or Bony Fishes.—Order Isospondyli.—The Classification of the Bony Fishes.—Relationships of Isospondyli.—The Clupeoidea.—The Leptolepidæ.—The Elopidæ.—The Albulidæ.—The Chanidæ.—The Hiodontidæ.—The Pterothrissidæ.—The Ctenothrissidæ.—The Notopteridæ.—The Clupeidæ.—The Dorosomatidæ.—The Engraulididæ.—Gonorhynchidæ.—The Osteoglossidæ.—The Pantodontidæ. | [37] |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| SALMONIDÆ. | |
| The Salmon Family.—Coregonus, the Whitefish.—Argyrosomus, the Lake Herring.—Brachymystax and Stenodus, the Inconnus.—Oncorhynchus, the Quinnat Salmon.—The Parent-stream Theory.—The Jadgeska Hatchery.—Salmon-packing. | [61] |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| SALMONIDÆ (Continued). | |
| Salmo, the Trout and Atlantic Salmon.—The Atlantic Salmon.—The Ouananiche.—The Black-spotted Trout.—The Trout of Western America.—Cutthroat or Red-throated Trout.—Hucho, the Huchen.—Salvelinus, the Charr.—Cristivomer, the Great Lake Trout.—The Ayu, or Sweetfish.—Cormorant-fishing.—Fossil Salmonidæ. | [89] |
| CHAPTER VI. | |
| THE GRAYLING AND THE SMELT. | |
| The Grayling, or Thymallidæ.—The Argentinidæ.—The Microstomidæ.—The Salangidæ, or Icefishes.—The Haplochitonidæ.—Stomiatidæ.—Suborder Iniomi, the Lantern-fishes.—Aulopidæ.—The Lizard-fishes.—Ipnopidæ.—Rondeletiidæ.—Myctophidæ.—Chirothricidæ.—Maurolicidæ.—The Lancet-fishes.—The Sternoptychidæ.—Order Lyopomi. | [120] |
| CHAPTER VII. | |
| THE APODES, OR EEL-LIKE FISHES. | |
| The Eels.—Order Symbranchia.—Order Apodes, or True Eels.—Suborder Archencheli.—Suborder Enchelycephali.—Family Anguillidæ.—Reproduction of the Eel.—Food of the Eel.—Larva of the Eel.—Species of Eels.—Pug-nosed Eels.—Conger-eels.—The Snake-eels.—Suborder Colocephali, or Morays.—Family Moringuidæ.—Order Carencheli, the Long-necked Eels.—Order Lyomeri or Gulpers.—Order Heteromi. | [139] |
| CHAPTER VIII. | |
| SERIES OSTARIOPHYSI. | |
| Ostariophysi.—The Heterognathi.—The Eventognathi.—The Cyprinidæ.—Species of Dace and Shiner.—Chubs of the Pacific Slope.—The Carp and Goldfish.—The Catostomidæ.—Fossil Cyprinidæ.—The Loaches. | [159] |
| CHAPTER IX. | |
| THE NEMATOGNATHI, OR CATFISHES. | |
| The Nematognathi.—Families of Nematognathi.—The Siluridæ.—The Sea Catfish.—The Channel Cats.—Horned Pout.—The Mad-toms.—The Old World Catfishes.—The Sisoridæ.—The Plotosidæ.—The Chlariidæ.—The Hypophthalmidæ or Pygidiidæ.—The Loricariidæ.—The Callichthyidæ.—Fossil Catfishes.—Order Gymnonoti. | [177] |
| CHAPTER X. | |
| THE SCYPHOPHORI, HAPLOMI, AND XENOMI. | |
| Order Scyphophori.—The Mormyridæ.—The Haplomi.—The Pikes.—The Mud minnows.—The Killifishes.—Amblyopsidæ.—Kneriidæ, etc.—The Galaxiidæ.—Order Xenomi. | [188] |
| CHAPTER XI. | |
| ACANTHOPTERYGII; SYNENTOGNATHI. | |
| Order Acanthopterygii, the Spiny-rayed Fishes.—Suborder Synentognathi.—The Garfishes: Belonidæ.—The Flying-fishes: Exocœtidæ. | [208] |
| CHAPTER XII. | |
| PERCESOCES AND RHEGNOPTERI. | |
| Suborder Percesoces.—The Silversides: Atherinidæ.—The Mullets: Mugilidæ.—The Barracudas: Sphyrænidæ.—Stephanoberycidæ.—Crossognathidæ.—Cobitopsidæ.—Suborder Rhegnopteri. | [215] |
| CHAPTER XIII. | |
| PHTHINOBRANCHII: HEMIBRANCHII, LOPHOBRANCHII, AND | |
| HYPOSTOMIDES. | |
| Suborder Hemibranchii.—The Sticklebacks: Gasterosteidæ.—The Aulorhynchidæ.—Cornet-fishes: Fistulariidæ.—The Trumpet-fishes: Aulostomidæ.—The Snipefishes: Macrorhamphosidæ.—The Shrimp-fishes: Centriscidæ.—The Lophobranchs.—The Solenostomidæ.—The Pipefishes: Syngnathidæ.—The Sea-horses: Hippocampus.—Suborder Hypostomides, the Sea-moths: Pegasidæ. | [227] |
| CHAPTER XIV. | |
| SALMOPERCÆ AND OTHER TRANSITIONAL GROUPS. | |
| Suborder Salmopercæ, the Trout-perches: Percopsidæ.—Erismatopteridæ.—Suborder Selenichthyes, the Opahs: Lamprididæ.—Suborder Zeoidea.—Amphistiidæ.—The John Dories: Zeidæ.—Grammicolepidæ. | [241] |
| CHAPTER XV. | |
| BERYCOIDEI. | |
| The Berycoid Fishes.—The Alfonsinos: Berycidæ.—The Soldier-fishes: Holocentridæ.—The Polymixiidæ.—The Pine-cone Fishes: Monocentridæ. | [250] |
| CHAPTER XVI. | |
| PERCOMORPHI. | |
| Suborder Percomorphi, the Mackerels and Perches.—The Mackerel Tribe: Scombroidea.—The True Mackerels: Scombridæ.—The Escolars: Gempylidæ.—Scabbard and Cutlass-fishes: Lepidopidæ and Trichiuridæ.—The Palæorhynchidæ.—The Sailfishes: Istiophoridæ.—The Swordfishes: Xiphiidæ. | [258] |
| CHAPTER XVII. | |
| CAVALLAS AND PAMPANOS. | |
| The Pampanos: Carangidæ.—The Papagallos: Nematistiidæ.—The Bluefishes: Cheilodipteridæ.—The Sergeant-fishes: Rachycentridæ.—The Butter-fishes: Stromateidæ.—The Rag-fishes: Icosteidæ.—The Pomfrets: Bramidæ.—The Dolphins: Coryphænidæ.—The Menidæ.—The Pempheridæ.—Luvaridæ.—The Square-tails: Tetragonuridæ.—The Crested Bandfishes: Lophotidæ. | [272] |
| CHAPTER XVIII. | |
| PERCOIDEA, OR PERCH-LIKE FISHES. | |
| Percoid Fishes.—The Pirate-perches: Aphredoderidæ.—The Pigmy Sunfishes: Elassomidæ.—The Sunfishes: Centrarchidæ.—Crappies and Rock Bass.—The Black Bass.—The Saleles: Kuhliidæ.—The True Perches: Percidæ.—Relations of Darters to Perches.—The Perches.—The Darters: Etheostominæ. | [293] |
| CHAPTER XIX. | |
| THE BASS AND THEIR RELATIVES. | |
| The Cardinal-fishes: Apogonidæ.—The Anomalopidæ.—The Asineopidæ—The Robalos: Oxylabracidæ.—The Sea-bass: Serranidæ.—The Jewfishes.—The Groupers.—The Serranos.—The Flashers: Lobotidæ.—The Big eyes: Priacanthidæ.—The Pentacerotidæ.—The Snappers: Lutianidæ.—The Grunts: Hæmulidæ.—The Porgies: Sparidæ.—The Picarels: Mænidæ.—The Mojarras: Gerridæ.—The Rudder-fishes: Kyphosidæ. | [316] |
| CHAPTER XX. | |
| THE SURMULLETS, THE CROAKERS AND THEIR RELATIVES. | |
| The Surmullets, or Goatfishes: Mullidæ.—The Croakers: Sciænidæ.—The Sillaginidæ, etc.—The Jawfishes: Opisthognathidæ, etc.—The Stone-wall Perch: Oplegnathidæ.—The Swallowers: Chiasmodontidæ.—The Malacanthidæ.—The Blanquillos: Latilidæ.—The Bandfishes: Cepolidæ.—The Cirrhitidæ.—The Sandfishes: Trichodontidæ. | [351] |
| CHAPTER XXI. | |
| LABYRINTHICI AND HOLCONOTI. | |
| The Labyrinthine Fishes.—The Climbing-perches: Anabantidæ.—The Gouramis: Osphromenidæ.—The Snake-head Mullets: Ophicephalidæ.—Suborder Holconoti, the Surf-fishes.—The Embiotocidæ. | [365] |
| CHAPTER XXII. | |
| CHROMIDES AND PHARYNGOGNATHI. | |
| Suborder Chromides.—The Cichlidæ.—The Damsel-fishes: Pomacentridæ.—Suborder Pharyngognathi.—The Wrasse Fishes: Labridæ.—The Parrot-fishes: Scaridæ. | [380] |
| CHAPTER XXIII. | |
| THE SQUAMIPINNES. | |
| The Squamipinnes.—The Scorpididæ.—The Boarfishes: Antigoniidæ.—The Arches: Toxotidæ.—The Ephippidæ.—The Spadefishes: Ilarchidæ.—The Platacidæ.—The Butterfly-fishes: Chætodontidæ.—The Pygæidæ.—The Moorish Idols: Zanclidæ.—The Tangs: Acanthuridæ.—Suborder Amphacanthi, the Siganidæ. | [397] |
| CHAPTER XXIV. | |
| SERIES PLECTOGNATHI. | |
| The Plectognaths.—The Scleroderms.—The Trigger-fishes: Balistidæ.—The File-fishes: Monacanthidæ.—The Spinacanthidæ.—The Trunkfishes: Ostraciidæ.—The Gymnodontes.—The Triodontidæ.—The Globefishes: Tetraodontidæ.—The Porcupine-fishes: Diodontidæ.—The Head-fishes: Molidæ. | [411] |
| CHAPTER XXV. | |
| PAREIOPLITÆ, OR MAILED-CHEEK FISHES. | |
| The Mailed-cheek Fishes.—The Scorpion-fishes: Scorpænidæ.—The Skilfishes: Anoplopomidæ.—The Greenlings: Hexagrammidæ.—The Flatheads or Kochi: Platycephalidæ.—The Sculpins: Cottidæ.—The Sea-poachers: Agonidæ.—The Lump-suckers: Cyclopteridæ.—The Sea-snails: Liparididæ.—The Baikal Cods: Comephoridæ.—Suborder Craniomi: the Gurnards, Triglidæ.—The Peristediidæ.—The Flying Gurnards: Cephalacanthidæ. | [426] |
| CHAPTER XXVI. | |
| GOBIOIDEI, DISCOCEPHALI, AND TÆNIOSOMI. | |
| Suborder Gobioidei, the Gobies: Gobiidæ.—Suborder Discocephali, the Shark-suckers: Echeneididæ.—Suborder Tæniosomi, the Ribbon-fishes.—The Oarfishes: Regalecidæ.—The Dealfishes: Trachypteridæ. | [459] |
| CHAPTER XXVII. | |
| SUBORDER HETEROSOMATA. | |
| The Flatfishes.—Optic Nerves of Flounders.—Ancestry of Flounders.—The Flounders: Pleuronectidæ.—The Turbot Tribe: Bothinæ.—The Halibut Tribe: Hippoglossinæ.—The Plaice Tribe: Pleuronectinæ.—The Soles: Soleidæ.—The Broad Soles: Achirinæ.—The European Soles (Soleinæ).—The Tongue-fishes: Cynoglossinæ. | [481] |
| CHAPTER XXVIII. | |
| SUBORDER JUGULARES. | |
| The Jugular-fishes.—The Weevers: Trachinidæ.—The Nototheniidæ.—The Leptoscopidæ.—The Star-gazers: Uranoscopidæ.—The Dragonets: Callionymidæ.—The Dactyloscopidæ. | [499] |
| CHAPTER XXIX. | |
| THE BLENNIES: BLENNIIDÆ. | |
| The Northern Blennies: Xiphidiinæ, Stichæiniæ, etc.—The Quillfishes: Ptilichthyidæ.—The Blochiidæ.—The Patæcidæ, etc.—The Gadopsidæ, etc.—The Wolf-fishes: Anarhichadidæ.—The Eel-pouts: Zoarcidæ.—The Cusk-eels: Ophidiidæ.—Sand-lances: Ammodytidæ.—The Pearlfishes: Fierasferidæ.—The Brotulidæ.—Ateleopodidæ.—Suborder Haplodoci.—Suborder Xenopterygii. | [507] |
| CHAPTER XXX. | |
| OPISTHOMI AND ANACANTHINI. | |
| Order Opisthomi.—Order Anacanthini.—The Codfishes: Gadidæ.—The Hakes: Merluciidæ.—The Grenadiers: Macrouridæ. | [532] |
| CHAPTER XXXI. | |
| ORDER PEDICULATI: THE ANGLERS. | |
| The Angler-fishes.—The Fishing-frogs: Lophiidæ.—The Sea-devils: Ceratiidæ.—The Frogfishes: Antennariidæ.—The Batfishes: Ogcocephalidæ. | [542] |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
VOL. II.
| PAGE | |
|---|---|
| Shoulder-girdle of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus | [2] |
| Palæoniscum frieslebenense | [14] |
| Eurynotus crenatus | [15] |
| Dorypterus hoffmani | [16] |
| Chondrosteus acipenseroides | [18] |
| Acipenser sturio, Common Sturgeon | [19] |
| Acipenser rubicundus, Lake Sturgeon | [20] |
| Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus, Shovel-nosed Sturgeon | [20] |
| Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, side-view | [21] |
| Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, view from below | [21] |
| Psephurus gladius | [21] |
| Gyrodus hexagonus | [22] |
| Mesturus verrucosus | [23] |
| Semionotus kapffi | [24] |
| Dapedium politum | [25] |
| Tetragonolepis semicinctus | [26] |
| Isopholis orthostomus | [27] |
| Lepisosteus osseus, Long-nosed Garpike | [27] |
| Caturus elongatus | [28] |
| Notagogus pentlandi | [28] |
| Ptycholepis curtus | [28] |
| Pholidophorus crenulatus | [29] |
| Lepisosteus tristœchus, Alligator-gar | [31] |
| Lower Jaw of Amia calva, showing the gular plate | [33] |
| Amia calva, Bowfin (female) | [35] |
| Megalurus elegantissimus | [36] |
| Leptolepis dubius | [41] |
| Elops saurus, Ten-pounder | [42] |
| Holcolepis lewesiensis | [42] |
| Tarpon atlanticus, Tarpon or Grand Écaille | [43] |
| Albula vulpes, Lady-fish | [44] |
| Chanos chanos, Milkfish | [45] |
| Hiodon tergisus, Mooneye | [45] |
| Istieus grandis | [46] |
| Chirothrix libanicus | [46] |
| Skeleton of Portheus molossus | [47] |
| Ctenothrissa vexillifera | [48] |
| Clupea harengus, Herring | [49] |
| Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Alewife | [50] |
| Brevoortia tyrannus, Menhaden | [51] |
| Diplomystus humilis | [52] |
| Dorosoma cepedianum, Hickory-shad | [53] |
| Anchovia perthecata, Silver Anchovy | [54] |
| Notogoneus osculus | [55] |
| Phareodus testis | [57] |
| Deposits of Green River Shales, bearing Phareodus, at Fossil, Wyoming | [58] |
| A Day's Catch of fossil-fishes, Green River Eocene Shales | [59] |
| Alepocephalus agassizii | [60] |
| Coregonus williamsoni, Rocky Mountain Whitefish | [63] |
| Coregonus clupeiformis, Whitefish | [64] |
| Argyrosomus nigripinnis, Bluefin Cisco | [66] |
| Stenodus mackenziei, Inconnu | [67] |
| Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (female) | [69] |
| Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, King-salmon (grilse) | [70] |
| Oncorhynchus nerka, Male Red Salmon | [70] |
| Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Humpback Salmon (female) | [72] |
| Oncorhynchus masou, Masu | [72] |
| Oncorhynchus nerka, Red Salmon (mutilated dwarf male after spawning) | [76] |
| Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (dying after spawning) | [77] |
| Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon | [79] |
| Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (male) | [98] |
| Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (female) | [99] |
| Salmo rivularis, Steelhead Trout | [101] |
| Head of Adult Trout-worm, Dibothrium cordiceps. From intestine of white pelican | [103] |
| Median segments of Dibothrium cordiceps | [103] |
| Salmo henshawi, Tahoe Trout | [104] |
| Salmo stomias, Green-back Trout | [105] |
| Salmo macdonaldi, Yellow-fin Trout of Twin Lakes | [105] |
| Salmo clarkii spilurus, Rio Grande Trout | [106] |
| Salmo clarkii pleuriticus, Colorado River Trout | [106] |
| Hucho blackistoni, Ito | [107] |
| Salvelinus oquassa, Rangeley Trout | [108] |
| Salvelinus aureolus, Sunapee Trout | [109] |
| Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout (male) | [110] |
| Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout | [111] |
| Salvelinus malma, Malma Trout | [113] |
| Salvelinus malma, Dolly Varden Trout | [114] |
| Cristivomer namaycush, Great Lake Trout | [114] |
| Plecoglossus altivelis, Ayu, or Japanese Samlet | [116] |
| Thymallus signifer, Alaska Grayling | [120] |
| Thymallus tricolor, Michigan Grayling | [122] |
| Osmerus mordax, Smelt | [123] |
| Thaleichthys pretiosus, Eulachon or Ulchen | [124] |
| Page of William Clark's Handwriting with Sketch of the Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) | [125] |
| Mallotus villosus, Capelin | [126] |
| Salanx hyalocranius, Icefish | [128] |
| Stomias ferox | [128] |
| Chauliodus sloanei | [129] |
| Synodus fætens, Lizard-fish | [130] |
| Ipnops murrayi | [131] |
| Cetomimus gillii | [132] |
| Diaphus lucidus, Headlight-fish | [132] |
| Myctophum opalinum, Lantern-fish | [133] |
| Ceratoscopelus madeirensis, Lantern-fish | [133] |
| Rhinellus furcatus | [134] |
| Plagyodus ferox, Lancet-fish | [135] |
| Eurypholis sulcidens | [136] |
| Eurypholis freyeri | [137] |
| Argyropelecus olfersi | [137] |
| Aldrovandia gracilis | [138] |
| Anguilla chrisypa, Common Eel | [143] |
| Anguilla chrisypa, Larva of Common Eel | [148] |
| Simenchelys parasiticus, Pug-nosed Eel | [149] |
| Synaphobranchus pinnatus | [149] |
| Leptocephalus conger, Conger-eel | [150] |
| Larva of Conger-eel, Leptocephalus conger | [150] |
| Xyrias revulsus | [151] |
| Myrichthys pantostigmius | [151] |
| Ophichthus ocellatus | [151] |
| Nemichthys avocetta, Thread-eel | [152] |
| Jaws of Nemichthys avocetta | [152] |
| Muræna retifera | [153] |
| Gymnothorax berndti | [154] |
| Gymnothorax jordani | [155] |
| Gymnothorax moringa, Moray | [155] |
| Derichthys serpentinus | [156] |
| Gastrostomus bairdi, Gulper-eel | [156] |
| Notacanthus phasganorus | [158] |
| Inner view of shoulder-girdle of Buffalo-fish (Ictiobus bubalus), showing the mesocoracoid | [160] |
| Weberian apparatus and air-bladder of Carp | [160] |
| Brycon dentex | [162] |
| Pharyngeal bones and teeth of European Chub, Leuciscus cephalus | [163] |
| Rhinichthys dulcis, Black-nosed Dace | [164] |
| Notropis hudsonius, White Chub | [165] |
| Ericymba buccata, Silver-jaw Minnow | [165] |
| Notropis whipplei, Silverfin | [166] |
| Campostoma anomalum, Stone-roller | [167] |
| Head of Day-chub, Exoglossum maxillingua | [167] |
| Semotilus atromaculatus, Horned Dace | [168] |
| Abramis chrysoleucus, Shiner | [168] |
| Ptychocheilus grandis, Squawfish | [169] |
| Leuciscus lineatus, Chub of the Great Basin | [169] |
| Lower Pharyngeal of Placopharynx duquesnii | [171] |
| Erimyzon sucetta, Creekfish or Chub-sucker | [172] |
| Ictiobus cyprinella, Buffalo-fish | [173] |
| Carpiodes cyprinus, Carp-sucker | [173] |
| Catostomus commersoni, Common Sucker | [174] |
| Catostomus occidentalis, California Sucker | [174] |
| Pharyngeal teeth of Oregon Sucker, Catostomus macrocheilus | [175] |
| Xyrauchen cypho, Razor-back Sucker | [175] |
| Felichthys felis, Gaff-topsail Cat | [179] |
| Galeichthys milberti, Sea Catfish | [179] |
| Ictalurus punctatus, Channel Catfish | [180] |
| Ameiurus nebulosus, Horned Pout | [181] |
| Schilbeodes furiosus, Mad-tom. Showing the poisoned pectoral spine | [182] |
| Torpedo electricus, Electric Catfish | [183] |
| Chlarias breviceps, African Catfish | [185] |
| Loricaria aurea, Mailed Catfish from Venezuela | [186] |
| Gnathonemus curvirostris | [189] |
| Esox lucius, Pike | [191] |
| Esox masquinongy, Muskallunge | [192] |
| Umbra pygmæa, Mud-minnow | [193] |
| Anableps dovii, Four-eyed Fish | [195] |
| Cyprinodon variegatus, Round Minnow | [196] |
| Jordanella floridæ, Everglade Minnow | [197] |
| Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (male) | [198] |
| Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (female) | [198] |
| Zygonectes notatus, Top-minnow | [198] |
| Empetrichthys merriami, Death Valley Fish | [199] |
| Xiphophorus helleri, Sword-tail Minnow (male) | [199] |
| Goodea luitpoldi, a Viviparous Fish | [200] |
| Chologaster cornutus, Dismal Swamp Fish | [201] |
| Typhlichthys subterraneus, Blind Cave-fish | [202] |
| Amblyopsis spelæus, Blindfish of the Mammoth Cave | [203] |
| Dallia pectoralis, Alaska Blackfish | [206] |
| Tylosurus acus, Needle-fish | [210] |
| Scombresox saurus, Saury | [212] |
| Hyporhamphus unifasciatus, Halfbeak | [212] |
| Fodiator acutus, Sharp-nosed Flying-fish | [213] |
| Cypselurus californicus, Catalina Flying-fish | [214] |
| Chirostoma humboldtianum, Pescado blanco | [217] |
| Kirtlandia vagrans, Silverside or Brit | [217] |
| Atherinopsis californiensis, Blue Smelt or Pez del Rey | [218] |
| Iso flos-maris, Flower of the Waves | [218] |
| Mugil cephalus, Striped Mullet | [221] |
| Joturus pichardi, Joturo or Bobo | [222] |
| Sphyræna barracuda, Barracuda | [223] |
| Cobitopsis acuta | [224] |
| Shoulder-girdle of a Threadfin, Polydactylus approximans | [225] |
| Polydactylus octonemus, Threadfin | [225] |
| Shoulder-girdle of a Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus | [227] |
| Shoulder-girdle of Fistularia petimba, showing greatly extended interclavicle, the surface ossified | [227] |
| Gasterosteus aculeatus, Three-spined Stickleback | [232] |
| Apeltes quadracus, Four-spined Stickleback | [232] |
| Aulostomus chinensis, Trumpet-fish | [234] |
| Macrorhamphosus sagifue, Japanese Snipefish | [234] |
| Æoliscus strigatus, Shrimp-fish | [235] |
| Æoliscus heinrichi | [235] |
| Solenostomus cyanopterus | [237] |
| Hippocampus hudsonius, Sea-horse | [238] |
| Zalises umitengu, Sea-moth | [240] |
| Percopsis guttatus, Sand-roller | [241] |
| Erismatopterus endlicheri | [242] |
| Columbia transmontana, Oregon Trout-perch | [242] |
| Shoulder-girdle of the Opah, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich), showing the enlarged infraclavicle | [243] |
| LigaturesSemiophorus velifer | [246] |
| Amphistium paradoxum | [247] |
| Zeus faber, John Dory | [248] |
| Skull of a Berycoidfish, Beryx splendens, showing the orbitosphenoid | [250] |
| Beryx splendens | [251] |
| Hoplopteryx lewesiensis | [252] |
| Paratrachichthys prosthemius | [253] |
| Holocentrus ascenscionis, Soldier-fish | [254] |
| Holocentrus ittodai | [254] |
| Ostichthys japonicus | [255] |
| Monocentris japonicus, Pine-cone Fish | [256] |
| Scomber scombrus, Mackerel | [260] |
| Germo alalunga, Long-fin Albacore | [263] |
| Scomberomorus maculatus, Spanish Mackerel | [264] |
| Trichiurus lepturus, Cutlass-fish | [268] |
| Palæorhynchus glarisianus | [268] |
| Xiphias gladius, Young Swordfish | [269] |
| Xiphias gladius, Swordfish | [270] |
| Naucrates ductor, Pilot-fish | [273] |
| Seriola lalandi, Amber-fish | [273] |
| Trachurus trachurus, Saurel | [274] |
| Carangus chrysos, Yellow Mackerel | [275] |
| Trachinotus carolinus, the Pampano | [277] |
| Cheilodipterus saltatrix, Bluefish | [279] |
| Rachycentron canadum, Sergeant-fish | [282] |
| Peprilus paru, Harvest-fish | [284] |
| Gobiomorus gronovii, Portuguese Man-of-War Fish | [285] |
| Coryphæna hippurus, Dolphin or Dorado | [287] |
| Mene maculata | [288] |
| Gasteronemus rhombeus | [289] |
| Pempheris mulleri, Catalufa de lo Alto | [289] |
| Pempheris nyctereutes | [290] |
| Luvarus imperialis, Louvar | [290] |
| Aphredoderus sayanus, Pirate Perch | [295] |
| Elassoma evergladei, Everglade Pigmy Perch | [295] |
| Skull of the Rock Bass, Ambloplites rupestris | [296] |
| Pomoxis annularis, Crappie | [297] |
| Pomoxis annularis, Crappie (from life) | [298] |
| Ambloplites rupestris, Rock Bass | [299] |
| Mesogonistius chætodon, Banded Sunfish | [299] |
| Lepomis pallidus, Blue-gill | [300] |
| Lepomis megalotis, Long-eared Sunfish | [300] |
| Eupomotis gibbosus, Common Sunfish | [301] |
| Micropterus dolomieu, Small Mouth Black Bass | [303] |
| Micropterus salmoides, Large Mouth Black Bass | [305] |
| Perca flavescens, Yellow perch | [308] |
| Stizostedion canadense, Sauger | [309] |
| Aspro asper, Aspron | [309] |
| Zingel zingel, Zingel | [310] |
| Percina caprodes, Log-perch | [311] |
| Hadropterus aspro, Black-sided Darter | [311] |
| Diplesion blennioides, Green-sided Darter | [312] |
| Boleosoma olmstedi, Tessellated Darter | [312] |
| Crystallaria asprella, Crystal Darter | [313] |
| Ammocrypta clara, Sand-darter | [313] |
| Etheostoma jordani | [314] |
| Etheostoma camurum, Blue-breasted Darter | [314] |
| Apogon retrosella, Cardinal-fish | [316] |
| Telescopias gilberti, Kuromutsu | [318] |
| Apogon semilineatus | [319] |
| Oxylabrax undecimalis, Robalo | [319] |
| Morone americana, White Perch | [322] |
| Promicrops itaiara, Florida Jewfish | [323] |
| Epinephelus striatus, Nassau Grouper: Cherna criolla | [324] |
| Epinephelus drummond-hayi, John Paw or Speckled Hind | [325] |
| Epinephelus morio, Red Grouper | [325] |
| Epinephelus adscensionis, Red Hind | [326] |
| Mycteroperca venenosa, Yellow-fin Grouper | [327] |
| Hypoplectrus unicolor nigricans | [328] |
| Epinephelus niveatus, Snowy Grouper | [329] |
| Rypticus bistrispinus, Soapfish | [330] |
| Lobotes surinamensis, Flasher | [331] |
| Priacanthus arenatus, Catalufa | [331] |
| Pseudopriacanthus altus, Bigeye | [332] |
| Lutianus griseus, Gray Snapper | [334] |
| Lutianus apodus, Schoolmaster | [335] |
| Hoplopagrus guntheri | [336] |
| Lutianus synagris, Lane Snapper or Biajaiba | [336] |
| Ocyurus chrysurus, Yellow-tail Snapper | [337] |
| Etelis oculatus, Cachucho | [337] |
| Xenocys jessiæ | [338] |
| Aphareus furcatus | [339] |
| Hæmulon plumieri, Grunt | [340] |
| Anisotremus virginicus, Porkfish | [341] |
| Pagrus major, Red Tai of Japan | [342] |
| Ebisu, the Fish-god of Japan, bearing a Red Tai | [343] |
| Stenotomus chrysops, Scup | [344] |
| Calamus bajonado, Jolt-head Porgy | [345] |
| Calamus proridens, Little-head Porgy | [345] |
| Diplodus holbrooki | [346] |
| Archosargus unimaculatus, Salema, Striped Sheepshead | [347] |
| Xystæma cinereum, Mojarra | [348] |
| Gerres olisthostomus, Irish Pampano | [349] |
| Kyphosus sectatrix, Chopa or Rudder-fish | [349] |
| Apomotis cyanellus, Blue-green Sunfish | [350] |
| Pseudupeneus maculatus, Red Goatfish or Salmonete | [351] |
| Mullus auratus, Golden Surmullet | [352] |
| Cynoscion nebulosus, Spotted Weakfish | [353] |
| Bairdiella chrysura, Mademoiselle | [355] |
| Sciænops ocellata, Red Drum | [356] |
| Umbrina sinaloæ, Yellow-fin Roncador | [357] |
| Menticirrhus americanus, Kingfish | [357] |
| Pogonias chromis, Drum | [358] |
| Gnathypops evermanni | [359] |
| Opisthognathus macrognathus, Jawfish | [359] |
| Opisthognathus nigromarginatus | [360] |
| Chiasmodon niger, Black Swallower | [360] |
| Cirrhitus rivulatus | [364] |
| Trichodon trichodon, Sandfish | [364] |
| Anabas scandens, Climbing Perch | [366] |
| Channa formosana | [371] |
| Ophicephalus barca, Snake-headed China-fish | [371] |
| Cymatogaster aggregatus, White Surf-fish | [372] |
| Hysterocarpus traski, Fresh-water Viviparous Perch | [373] |
| Hypsurus caryi | [373] |
| Damalichthys argyrosomus, White Surf-fish | [374] |
| Rhacochilus toxotes, Thick-lipped Surf-fish | [374] |
| Hypocritichthys analis, Silver Surf-fish, Viviparous | [375] |
| Hysterocarpus traski, Viviparous Perch (male) | [379] |
| Hypsypops rubicunda, Garibaldi | [382] |
| Pomacentrus leucostictus, Damsel-fish | [382] |
| Glyphisodon marginatus, Cockeye Pilot | [383] |
| Microspathodon dorsalis, Indigo Damsel-fish | [384] |
| Tautoga onitis, Tautog | [384] |
| Tautoga onitis, Tautog | [386] |
| Lachnolaimus falcatus, Capitaine or Hogfish | [387] |
| Xyrichthys psittacus, Razor-fish | [388] |
| Pimelometopon pulcher, Redfish (male) | [389] |
| Lepidaplois perditio | [389] |
| Pharyngeals of Italian Parrot-fish, Sparisoma cretense. a, Upper; b, Lower | [391] |
| Jaws of Parrot-fish, Calotomus xenodon | [391] |
| Cryptotomus beryllinus | [391] |
| Sparisoma hoplomystax | [392] |
| Sparisoma abildgaardi, Red Parrot-fish | [392] |
| Jaws of Blue Parrot-fish, Scarus cæruleus | [393] |
| Upper pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus | [393] |
| Lower pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus | [393] |
| Scarus emblematicus | [394] |
| Scarus cæruleus, Blue Parrot-fish | [394] |
| Scarus vetula, Parrot-fish | [395] |
| Halichæres bivittatus, Slippery Dick or Doncella, a fish of the coral-reefs | [399] |
| Monodactylus argenteus | [397] |
| Psettus sebæ | [399] |
| Chætodipterus faber, Spadefish | [401] |
| Chætodon capistratus, Butterfly-fish | [402] |
| Pomacanthus arcuatus, Black Angel-fish | [403] |
| Holacanthus ciliaris, Angel-fish or Isabelita | [404] |
| Holacanthus tricolor, Rock Beauty | [405] |
| Zanclus canescens, Moorish Idol | [406] |
| Teuthis cæruleus, Blue Tang | [407] |
| Teuthis bahianus, Brown Tang | [408] |
| Balistes carolinensis, Trigger-fish | [412] |
| Osbeckia lævis, File-fish | [414] |
| Amanses scopas, Needle-bearing File-fish | [414] |
| Stephanolepis hispidus, Common File-fish | [415] |
| Lactophrys tricornis, Horned Trunkfish, Cowfish, or Cuckold | [416] |
| Ostracion cornutum, Horned Trunkfish | [416] |
| Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish | [416] |
| Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish (face view) | [417] |
| Lactophrys triqueter, Spineless Trunkfish | [417] |
| Lactophrys trigonus, Hornless Trunkfish | [418] |
| Skeleton of the Cowfish, Lactophrys tricornis | [418] |
| Lagocephalus lævigatus, Silvery Puffer | [419] |
| Spheroides spengleri, Puffer, Inflated | [420] |
| Spheroides maculatus, Puffer | [420] |
| Tetraodon meleagris | [421] |
| Tetraodon setosus, Bristly Globefish | [422] |
| Diodon hystrix, Porcupine-fish | [422] |
| Chilomycterus schœpfi, Rabbit-fish | [423] |
| Mola mola, Headfish (adult) | [424] |
| Ranzania makua, King of the Mackerel, from Honolulu | [425] |
| Sebastes marinus, Rosefish | [427] |
| Skull of Scorpænichthys marmoratus | [427] |
| Sebastolobus altivelis | [428] |
| Sebastodes mystinus, Priest-fish | [430] |
| Sebastichthys serriceps | [431] |
| Sebastichthys nigrocinctus, Banded Rockfish | [432] |
| Scorpæna grandicornis, Lion-fish | [433] |
| Scorpæna mystes, Sea-scorpion | [434] |
| Pterois volitans, Lion-fish or Sausolele | [435] |
| Emmydrichthys vulcanus, Black Nohu or Poison-fish | [436] |
| Snyderina yamanokami | [437] |
| Trachicephalus uranoscopus | [438] |
| Anoplopoma fimbria, Skilfish | [438] |
| Pleurogrammus monopterygius, Atka-fish | [439] |
| Hexagrammos decagrammus, Greenling | [440] |
| Ophiodon elongatus, Cultus Cod | [440] |
| Jordania zonope | [442] |
| Astrolytes notospilotus | [442] |
| Hemilepidotus jordani, Irish Lord | [443] |
| Triglops pingeli | [443] |
| Enophrys bison, Buffalo Sculpin | [443] |
| Ceratocottus diceraus | [444] |
| Elanura forficata | [444] |
| Cottus punctulatus, Yellowstone Miller's Thumb | [444] |
| Uranidea tenuis, Miller's Thumb | [445] |
| Cottus evermanni | [445] |
| Cottus gulosus, California Miller's Thumb | [446] |
| Myxocephalus niger, Pribilof Sculpin | [446] |
| Myxocephalus octodecimspinosus, 18-spined Sculpin | [447] |
| Oncocottus quadricornis | [447] |
| Blepsias cirrhosus | [448] |
| Hemitripterus americanus, Sea-raven | [448] |
| Oligocottus maculosus | [449] |
| Ereunias grallator | [450] |
| Psychrolutes paradoxus, Sleek Sculpin | [451] |
| Gilbertidia sigolutes | [451] |
| Rhamphocottus richardsoni, Richardson's Sculpin | [451] |
| Stelgis vulsus | [451] |
| Draciscus sachi | [452] |
| Pallasina barbata, Agonoid-fish | [453] |
| Aspidophoroides monopterygius | [453] |
| Cyclopterus lumpus, Lumpfish | [454] |
| Crystallias matsushimæ, Liparid | [454] |
| Neoliparis mucosus, Snailfish | [455] |
| Prionotus evolans, Sea-robin | [456] |
| Cephalacanthus volitans, Flying Gurnard | [457] |
| Peristedion miniatum | [457] |
| Philypnus dormitor, Guavina de Rio | [460] |
| Eleotris pisonis, Dormeur | [460] |
| Dormitator maculatus, Guavina mapo | [461] |
| Vireosa hanæ | [461] |
| Gobionellus oceanicus, Esmeralda de Mar | [461] |
| Pterogobius daimio | [462] |
| Aboma etheostoma, Darter Goby | [462] |
| Gillichthys mirabilis, Long-jawed Goby | [463] |
| Boleophthalmus chinensis, Pond-skipper | [466] |
| Periophthalmus barbarus, Mud-skippy | [466] |
| Eutæniichthys gillii | [467] |
| Leptecheneis naucrates, Sucking-fish or Pegador | [468] |
| Rhombochirus osteochir | [469] |
| Regalecus russelli, Glesnæs Oarfish | [476] |
| Trachypterus rex-salmonorum, Dealfish or King of the Salmon | [478] |
| Young Flounder just hatched | [482] |
| Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Larval Flounder | [483] |
| Larval Stages of Platophrys podas, a Flounder | [484] |
| Platophrys lunatus, Peacock Flounder | [485] |
| Heterocercal Tail of Young Trout, Salmo fario | [486] |
| Homocercal Tail of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus | [486] |
| Lophopsetta maculata, Window-pane | [487] |
| Syacium papillosum, Wide-eyed Flounder | [488] |
| Etropus crossotus | [489] |
| Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Halibut | [492] |
| Paralichthys dentatus, Wide-mouthed Flounder | [493] |
| Liopsetta putnami, Eel-back Flounder | [494] |
| Platichthys stellatus, Starry Flounder | [495] |
| Achirus lineatus, Hog-choker Sole | [496] |
| Symphurus plagiusa | [498] |
| Pteropsaron evolans | [502] |
| Bathymaster signatus | [503] |
| Ariscopus iburius | [504] |
| Astroscopus guttatus, Star-gazer | [505] |
| Neoclinus satiricus, Sarcastic Blenny | [507] |
| Gibbonsia evides, Kelp Blenny | [508] |
| Blennius cristatus | [508] |
| Alticus atlanticus, Rock-skipper | [509] |
| Alticus saliens, Lizard-skipper | [509] |
| Emblemaria atlantica | [510] |
| Scartichthys enosimæ, Fish of the rock-pools of the sacred island of Enoshima, Japan | [510] |
| Zacalles bryope | [511] |
| Bryostemma tarsodes | [511] |
| Exerpes asper | [511] |
| Pholis gunnellus, Gunnel | [512] |
| Xiphistes chirus | [512] |
| Ozorthe dictyogramma | [513] |
| Stichæus punctatus | [513] |
| Bryostemma otohime | [514] |
| Ptilichthys goodei, Quillfish | [514] |
| Blochius longirostris | [514] |
| Xiphasia setifera | [515] |
| Cryptacanthodes maculatus, Wrymouth | [516] |
| Anarhichas lupus, Wolf-fish | [517] |
| Skull of Anarrhichthys ocellatus | [517] |
| Zoarces anguillaris, Eel-pout | [518] |
| Lycodes reticulatus, Eel-pout | [519] |
| Lycenchelys verrilli | [519] |
| Scytalina cerdale | [519] |
| Rissola marginata, Cusk-eel | [520] |
| Lycodapus dermatinus | [520] |
| Ammodytes americanus, Sand-lance | [521] |
| Embolichthys mitsukurii | [521] |
| Fierasfer dubius, Pearlfish, Embedded in Pearl | [522] |
| Fierasfer acus, Pearlfish | [523] |
| Brotula barbata | [524] |
| Lucifuga subterranea, Blind Brotula | [524] |
| Opsanus pardus, Leopard Toadfish | [525] |
| Porichthys porosissimus, Singing Fish (with Many Lateral Lines) | [526] |
| Aspasma ciconiæ | [530] |
| Caularchus mæandricus, Clingfish | [531] |
| Mastacembelus ellipsifer | [532] |
| Gadus callarias, Codfish | [533] |
| Skull of Haddock, Melanogrammus æglifinus | [536] |
| Melanogrammus æglifinus, Haddock | [536] |
| Theragra chalcogramma, Pollock | [537] |
| Microgadus tomcod, Tomcod | [538] |
| Lota maculosa, Burbot | [539] |
| Enchelyopus cimbrius, Four-bearded Rockling | [539] |
| Merluccius productus, California Hake | [540] |
| Coryphænoides carapinus, showing leptocercal tail | [540] |
| Cælorhynchus carminatus, Grenadier | [541] |
| Steindachnerella argentea | [541] |
| Lophius litulon, Anko or Fishing-frog | [545] |
| Cryptopsaras couesi | [547] |
| Ceratias holbolli, Deep-sea Angler | [548] |
| Caulophryne jordani | [548] |
| Pterophryne tumida, Sargassum-fish, one of the Anglers | [549] |
| Antennarius nox, Fishing-frog | [550] |
| Shoulder-girdle of a Batfish, Ogcocephalus radiatus | [551] |
| Antennarius scaber, Frogfish | [551] |
| Ogcocephalus vespertilio | [552] |
| Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish | [553] |
| Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish | [553] |
ERRATA[[1]]
Vol. II
| Page | [xviii], | line | 7, | for Ophicæphalus read Ophicephalus |
| [xviii], | " | 37, | for Mononactylus read Monodactylus | |
| [xix], | " | 33, | for Trachicephales read Trachicephalus | |
| [xx], | " | 37, | for Regaleaus glesneacsanius read Regalecus russelli | |
| [xxi], | " | 2, | for Etopus read Etropus | |
| [xxi], | " | 35, | for Zoacres read Zoarces | |
| [1], | " | 7, | for jaws read jaw | |
| [14], | " | 9, | for hetercoercal read heterocercal | |
| [136], | " | 3, | for Evermannellus read Evermannella | |
| [170], | " | 11, | for the fin read the dorsal fin | |
| [171], | " | 10, | for have read has | |
| [303], | legend, | for Lacepède read Lacépède | ||
| [307], | line | 14, | for vertebrate read vertebral | |
| [311], | " | 12, | not clearly stated. The air-bladder is least developed in those species which cling closest to the bottom of the stream | |
| [350], | legend, | for Apomotes read Apomotis | ||
| [355], | line | 18, | for ours read our | |
| [357], | " | 14, | for chætodon read Chætodon | |
| [358], | " | 17, | for Scriænidæ read Sciænidæ | |
| [360], | " | 14, | for Percesoces read Percesoces | |
| [409], | " | 16, | for naseus read Naseus | |
| [419], | " | 23, | for of the generic of this group read separating the group into genera | |
| [440], | " | 17, | for Chinnook read Chinook | |
| [459], | " | 24, | for but the most read but most | |
| [459], | " | 25, | for thme read them | |
| [467], | " | 14, | for Typhogobius read Typhlogobius | |
| [472], | lines | 34, 35, | omit "but never in the United States". Specimens of Regalecus have been taken at Anclote Key, Florida, and at the Tortugas. | |
| [580], | col. | 3, | line 17, for 165 read 105 |