Copyright, 1905

BY

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

Published March, 1905

CONTENTS
VOL. II.

CHAPTER I.
THE GANOIDS.
PAGE
Subclass Actinopteri.—The Series Ganoidei.—Are the Ganoids a Natural Group?—Systematic Position of Lepidosteus.—Gill on the Ganoids as a Natural Group.[1]
CHAPTER II.
THE GANOIDS (Continued).
Classification of Ganoids.—Order Lysopteri.—The Palæoniscidæ.—The Platysomidæ.—The Dorypteridæ.—The Dictyopygidæ.—Order Chondrostei.—Order Selachostomi: the Paddle-fishes.—Order Pycnodonti.—Order Lepidostei.—Family Lepisosteidæ.—Embryology of the Garpike.—Fossil Garpikes.—Order Halecomorphi.—Pachycormidæ.—The Bowfins: Amiidæ.—The Oligopleuridæ.[13]
CHAPTER III.
ISOSPONDYLI.
The Subclass Teleostei, or Bony Fishes.—Order Isospondyli.—The Classification of the Bony Fishes.—Relationships of Isospondyli.—The Clupeoidea.—The Leptolepidæ.—The Elopidæ.—The Albulidæ.—The Chanidæ.—The Hiodontidæ.—The Pterothrissidæ.—The Ctenothrissidæ.—The Notopteridæ.—The Clupeidæ.—The Dorosomatidæ.—The Engraulididæ.—Gonorhynchidæ.—The Osteoglossidæ.—The Pantodontidæ.[37]
CHAPTER IV.
SALMONIDÆ.
The Salmon Family.—Coregonus, the Whitefish.—Argyrosomus, the Lake Herring.—Brachymystax and Stenodus, the Inconnus.—Oncorhynchus, the Quinnat Salmon.—The Parent-stream Theory.—The Jadgeska Hatchery.—Salmon-packing.[61]
CHAPTER V.
SALMONIDÆ (Continued).
Salmo, the Trout and Atlantic Salmon.—The Atlantic Salmon.—The Ouananiche.—The Black-spotted Trout.—The Trout of Western America.—Cutthroat or Red-throated Trout.—Hucho, the Huchen.—Salvelinus, the Charr.—Cristivomer, the Great Lake Trout.—The Ayu, or Sweetfish.—Cormorant-fishing.—Fossil Salmonidæ.[89]
CHAPTER VI.
THE GRAYLING AND THE SMELT.
The Grayling, or Thymallidæ.—The Argentinidæ.—The Microstomidæ.—The Salangidæ, or Icefishes.—The Haplochitonidæ.—Stomiatidæ.—Suborder Iniomi, the Lantern-fishes.—Aulopidæ.—The Lizard-fishes.—Ipnopidæ.—Rondeletiidæ.—Myctophidæ.—Chirothricidæ.—Maurolicidæ.—The Lancet-fishes.—The Sternoptychidæ.—Order Lyopomi.[120]
CHAPTER VII.
THE APODES, OR EEL-LIKE FISHES.
The Eels.—Order Symbranchia.—Order Apodes, or True Eels.—Suborder Archencheli.—Suborder Enchelycephali.—Family Anguillidæ.—Reproduction of the Eel.—Food of the Eel.—Larva of the Eel.—Species of Eels.—Pug-nosed Eels.—Conger-eels.—The Snake-eels.—Suborder Colocephali, or Morays.—Family Moringuidæ.—Order Carencheli, the Long-necked Eels.—Order Lyomeri or Gulpers.—Order Heteromi.[139]
CHAPTER VIII.
SERIES OSTARIOPHYSI.
Ostariophysi.—The Heterognathi.—The Eventognathi.—The Cyprinidæ.—Species of Dace and Shiner.—Chubs of the Pacific Slope.—The Carp and Goldfish.—The Catostomidæ.—Fossil Cyprinidæ.—The Loaches.[159]
CHAPTER IX.
THE NEMATOGNATHI, OR CATFISHES.
The Nematognathi.—Families of Nematognathi.—The Siluridæ.—The Sea Catfish.—The Channel Cats.—Horned Pout.—The Mad-toms.—The Old World Catfishes.—The Sisoridæ.—The Plotosidæ.—The Chlariidæ.—The Hypophthalmidæ or Pygidiidæ.—The Loricariidæ.—The Callichthyidæ.—Fossil Catfishes.—Order Gymnonoti.[177]
CHAPTER X.
THE SCYPHOPHORI, HAPLOMI, AND XENOMI.
Order Scyphophori.—The Mormyridæ.—The Haplomi.—The Pikes.—The Mud minnows.—The Killifishes.—Amblyopsidæ.—Kneriidæ, etc.—The Galaxiidæ.—Order Xenomi.[188]
CHAPTER XI.
ACANTHOPTERYGII; SYNENTOGNATHI.
Order Acanthopterygii, the Spiny-rayed Fishes.—Suborder Synentognathi.—The Garfishes: Belonidæ.—The Flying-fishes: Exocœtidæ.[208]
CHAPTER XII.
PERCESOCES AND RHEGNOPTERI.
Suborder Percesoces.—The Silversides: Atherinidæ.—The Mullets: Mugilidæ.—The Barracudas: Sphyrænidæ.—Stephanoberycidæ.—Crossognathidæ.—Cobitopsidæ.—Suborder Rhegnopteri.[215]
CHAPTER XIII.
PHTHINOBRANCHII: HEMIBRANCHII, LOPHOBRANCHII, AND
HYPOSTOMIDES.
Suborder Hemibranchii.—The Sticklebacks: Gasterosteidæ.—The Aulorhynchidæ.—Cornet-fishes: Fistulariidæ.—The Trumpet-fishes: Aulostomidæ.—The Snipefishes: Macrorhamphosidæ.—The Shrimp-fishes: Centriscidæ.—The Lophobranchs.—The Solenostomidæ.—The Pipefishes: Syngnathidæ.—The Sea-horses: Hippocampus.—Suborder Hypostomides, the Sea-moths: Pegasidæ.[227]
CHAPTER XIV.
SALMOPERCÆ AND OTHER TRANSITIONAL GROUPS.
Suborder Salmopercæ, the Trout-perches: Percopsidæ.—Erismatopteridæ.—Suborder Selenichthyes, the Opahs: Lamprididæ.—Suborder Zeoidea.—Amphistiidæ.—The John Dories: Zeidæ.—Grammicolepidæ.[241]
CHAPTER XV.
BERYCOIDEI.
The Berycoid Fishes.—The Alfonsinos: Berycidæ.—The Soldier-fishes: Holocentridæ.—The Polymixiidæ.—The Pine-cone Fishes: Monocentridæ.[250]
CHAPTER XVI.
PERCOMORPHI.
Suborder Percomorphi, the Mackerels and Perches.—The Mackerel Tribe: Scombroidea.—The True Mackerels: Scombridæ.—The Escolars: Gempylidæ.—Scabbard and Cutlass-fishes: Lepidopidæ and Trichiuridæ.—The Palæorhynchidæ.—The Sailfishes: Istiophoridæ.—The Swordfishes: Xiphiidæ.[258]
CHAPTER XVII.
CAVALLAS AND PAMPANOS.
The Pampanos: Carangidæ.—The Papagallos: Nematistiidæ.—The Bluefishes: Cheilodipteridæ.—The Sergeant-fishes: Rachycentridæ.—The Butter-fishes: Stromateidæ.—The Rag-fishes: Icosteidæ.—The Pomfrets: Bramidæ.—The Dolphins: Coryphænidæ.—The Menidæ.—The Pempheridæ.—Luvaridæ.—The Square-tails: Tetragonuridæ.—The Crested Bandfishes: Lophotidæ.[272]
CHAPTER XVIII.
PERCOIDEA, OR PERCH-LIKE FISHES.
Percoid Fishes.—The Pirate-perches: Aphredoderidæ.—The Pigmy Sunfishes: Elassomidæ.—The Sunfishes: Centrarchidæ.—Crappies and Rock Bass.—The Black Bass.—The Saleles: Kuhliidæ.—The True Perches: Percidæ.—Relations of Darters to Perches.—The Perches.—The Darters: Etheostominæ.[293]
CHAPTER XIX.
THE BASS AND THEIR RELATIVES.
The Cardinal-fishes: Apogonidæ.—The Anomalopidæ.—The Asineopidæ—The Robalos: Oxylabracidæ.—The Sea-bass: Serranidæ.—The Jewfishes.—The Groupers.—The Serranos.—The Flashers: Lobotidæ.—The Big eyes: Priacanthidæ.—The Pentacerotidæ.—The Snappers: Lutianidæ.—The Grunts: Hæmulidæ.—The Porgies: Sparidæ.—The Picarels: Mænidæ.—The Mojarras: Gerridæ.—The Rudder-fishes: Kyphosidæ.[316]
CHAPTER XX.
THE SURMULLETS, THE CROAKERS AND THEIR RELATIVES.
The Surmullets, or Goatfishes: Mullidæ.—The Croakers: Sciænidæ.—The Sillaginidæ, etc.—The Jawfishes: Opisthognathidæ, etc.—The Stone-wall Perch: Oplegnathidæ.—The Swallowers: Chiasmodontidæ.—The Malacanthidæ.—The Blanquillos: Latilidæ.—The Bandfishes: Cepolidæ.—The Cirrhitidæ.—The Sandfishes: Trichodontidæ.[351]
CHAPTER XXI.
LABYRINTHICI AND HOLCONOTI.
The Labyrinthine Fishes.—The Climbing-perches: Anabantidæ.—The Gouramis: Osphromenidæ.—The Snake-head Mullets: Ophicephalidæ.—Suborder Holconoti, the Surf-fishes.—The Embiotocidæ.[365]
CHAPTER XXII.
CHROMIDES AND PHARYNGOGNATHI.
Suborder Chromides.—The Cichlidæ.—The Damsel-fishes: Pomacentridæ.—Suborder Pharyngognathi.—The Wrasse Fishes: Labridæ.—The Parrot-fishes: Scaridæ.[380]
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE SQUAMIPINNES.
The Squamipinnes.—The Scorpididæ.—The Boarfishes: Antigoniidæ.—The Arches: Toxotidæ.—The Ephippidæ.—The Spadefishes: Ilarchidæ.—The Platacidæ.—The Butterfly-fishes: Chætodontidæ.—The Pygæidæ.—The Moorish Idols: Zanclidæ.—The Tangs: Acanthuridæ.—Suborder Amphacanthi, the Siganidæ.[397]
CHAPTER XXIV.
SERIES PLECTOGNATHI.
The Plectognaths.—The Scleroderms.—The Trigger-fishes: Balistidæ.—The File-fishes: Monacanthidæ.—The Spinacanthidæ.—The Trunkfishes: Ostraciidæ.—The Gymnodontes.—The Triodontidæ.—The Globefishes: Tetraodontidæ.—The Porcupine-fishes: Diodontidæ.—The Head-fishes: Molidæ.[411]
CHAPTER XXV.
PAREIOPLITÆ, OR MAILED-CHEEK FISHES.
The Mailed-cheek Fishes.—The Scorpion-fishes: Scorpænidæ.—The Skilfishes: Anoplopomidæ.—The Greenlings: Hexagrammidæ.—The Flatheads or Kochi: Platycephalidæ.—The Sculpins: Cottidæ.—The Sea-poachers: Agonidæ.—The Lump-suckers: Cyclopteridæ.—The Sea-snails: Liparididæ.—The Baikal Cods: Comephoridæ.—Suborder Craniomi: the Gurnards, Triglidæ.—The Peristediidæ.—The Flying Gurnards: Cephalacanthidæ.[426]
CHAPTER XXVI.
GOBIOIDEI, DISCOCEPHALI, AND TÆNIOSOMI.
Suborder Gobioidei, the Gobies: Gobiidæ.—Suborder Discocephali, the Shark-suckers: Echeneididæ.—Suborder Tæniosomi, the Ribbon-fishes.—The Oarfishes: Regalecidæ.—The Dealfishes: Trachypteridæ.[459]
CHAPTER XXVII.
SUBORDER HETEROSOMATA.
The Flatfishes.—Optic Nerves of Flounders.—Ancestry of Flounders.—The Flounders: Pleuronectidæ.—The Turbot Tribe: Bothinæ.—The Halibut Tribe: Hippoglossinæ.—The Plaice Tribe: Pleuronectinæ.—The Soles: Soleidæ.—The Broad Soles: Achirinæ.—The European Soles (Soleinæ).—The Tongue-fishes: Cynoglossinæ.[481]
CHAPTER XXVIII.
SUBORDER JUGULARES.
The Jugular-fishes.—The Weevers: Trachinidæ.—The Nototheniidæ.—The Leptoscopidæ.—The Star-gazers: Uranoscopidæ.—The Dragonets: Callionymidæ.—The Dactyloscopidæ.[499]
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE BLENNIES: BLENNIIDÆ.
The Northern Blennies: Xiphidiinæ, Stichæiniæ, etc.—The Quillfishes: Ptilichthyidæ.—The Blochiidæ.—The Patæcidæ, etc.—The Gadopsidæ, etc.—The Wolf-fishes: Anarhichadidæ.—The Eel-pouts: Zoarcidæ.—The Cusk-eels: Ophidiidæ.—Sand-lances: Ammodytidæ.—The Pearlfishes: Fierasferidæ.—The Brotulidæ.—Ateleopodidæ.—Suborder Haplodoci.—Suborder Xenopterygii.[507]
CHAPTER XXX.
OPISTHOMI AND ANACANTHINI.
Order Opisthomi.—Order Anacanthini.—The Codfishes: Gadidæ.—The Hakes: Merluciidæ.—The Grenadiers: Macrouridæ.[532]
CHAPTER XXXI.
ORDER PEDICULATI: THE ANGLERS.
The Angler-fishes.—The Fishing-frogs: Lophiidæ.—The Sea-devils: Ceratiidæ.—The Frogfishes: Antennariidæ.—The Batfishes: Ogcocephalidæ.[542]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
VOL. II.

PAGE
Shoulder-girdle of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus[2]
Palæoniscum frieslebenense[14]
Eurynotus crenatus[15]
Dorypterus hoffmani[16]
Chondrosteus acipenseroides[18]
Acipenser sturio, Common Sturgeon[19]
Acipenser rubicundus, Lake Sturgeon[20]
Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus, Shovel-nosed Sturgeon[20]
Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, side-view[21]
Polyodon spathula, Paddle-fish, view from below[21]
Psephurus gladius[21]
Gyrodus hexagonus[22]
Mesturus verrucosus[23]
Semionotus kapffi[24]
Dapedium politum[25]
Tetragonolepis semicinctus[26]
Isopholis orthostomus[27]
Lepisosteus osseus, Long-nosed Garpike[27]
Caturus elongatus[28]
Notagogus pentlandi[28]
Ptycholepis curtus[28]
Pholidophorus crenulatus[29]
Lepisosteus tristœchus, Alligator-gar[31]
Lower Jaw of Amia calva, showing the gular plate[33]
Amia calva, Bowfin (female)[35]
Megalurus elegantissimus[36]
Leptolepis dubius[41]
Elops saurus, Ten-pounder[42]
Holcolepis lewesiensis[42]
Tarpon atlanticus, Tarpon or Grand Écaille[43]
Albula vulpes, Lady-fish[44]
Chanos chanos, Milkfish[45]
Hiodon tergisus, Mooneye[45]
Istieus grandis[46]
Chirothrix libanicus[46]
Skeleton of Portheus molossus[47]
Ctenothrissa vexillifera[48]
Clupea harengus, Herring[49]
Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Alewife[50]
Brevoortia tyrannus, Menhaden[51]
Diplomystus humilis[52]
Dorosoma cepedianum, Hickory-shad[53]
Anchovia perthecata, Silver Anchovy[54]
Notogoneus osculus[55]
Phareodus testis[57]
Deposits of Green River Shales, bearing Phareodus, at Fossil, Wyoming[58]
A Day's Catch of fossil-fishes, Green River Eocene Shales[59]
Alepocephalus agassizii[60]
Coregonus williamsoni, Rocky Mountain Whitefish[63]
Coregonus clupeiformis, Whitefish[64]
Argyrosomus nigripinnis, Bluefin Cisco[66]
Stenodus mackenziei, Inconnu[67]
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (female)[69]
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, King-salmon (grilse)[70]
Oncorhynchus nerka, Male Red Salmon[70]
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Humpback Salmon (female)[72]
Oncorhynchus masou, Masu[72]
Oncorhynchus nerka, Red Salmon (mutilated dwarf male after spawning)[76]
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon (dying after spawning)[77]
Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Quinnat Salmon[79]
Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (male)[98]
Salmo irideus shasta, Rainbow Trout (female)[99]
Salmo rivularis, Steelhead Trout[101]
Head of Adult Trout-worm, Dibothrium cordiceps. From intestine of white pelican[103]
Median segments of Dibothrium cordiceps[103]
Salmo henshawi, Tahoe Trout[104]
Salmo stomias, Green-back Trout[105]
Salmo macdonaldi, Yellow-fin Trout of Twin Lakes[105]
Salmo clarkii spilurus, Rio Grande Trout[106]
Salmo clarkii pleuriticus, Colorado River Trout[106]
Hucho blackistoni, Ito[107]
Salvelinus oquassa, Rangeley Trout[108]
Salvelinus aureolus, Sunapee Trout[109]
Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout (male)[110]
Salvelinus fontinalis, Speckled Trout[111]
Salvelinus malma, Malma Trout[113]
Salvelinus malma, Dolly Varden Trout[114]
Cristivomer namaycush, Great Lake Trout[114]
Plecoglossus altivelis, Ayu, or Japanese Samlet[116]
Thymallus signifer, Alaska Grayling[120]
Thymallus tricolor, Michigan Grayling[122]
Osmerus mordax, Smelt[123]
Thaleichthys pretiosus, Eulachon or Ulchen[124]
Page of William Clark's Handwriting with Sketch of the Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus)[125]
Mallotus villosus, Capelin[126]
Salanx hyalocranius, Icefish[128]
Stomias ferox[128]
Chauliodus sloanei[129]
Synodus fætens, Lizard-fish[130]
Ipnops murrayi[131]
Cetomimus gillii[132]
Diaphus lucidus, Headlight-fish[132]
Myctophum opalinum, Lantern-fish[133]
Ceratoscopelus madeirensis, Lantern-fish[133]
Rhinellus furcatus[134]
Plagyodus ferox, Lancet-fish[135]
Eurypholis sulcidens[136]
Eurypholis freyeri[137]
Argyropelecus olfersi[137]
Aldrovandia gracilis[138]
Anguilla chrisypa, Common Eel[143]
Anguilla chrisypa, Larva of Common Eel[148]
Simenchelys parasiticus, Pug-nosed Eel[149]
Synaphobranchus pinnatus[149]
Leptocephalus conger, Conger-eel[150]
Larva of Conger-eel, Leptocephalus conger[150]
Xyrias revulsus[151]
Myrichthys pantostigmius[151]
Ophichthus ocellatus[151]
Nemichthys avocetta, Thread-eel[152]
Jaws of Nemichthys avocetta[152]
Muræna retifera[153]
Gymnothorax berndti[154]
Gymnothorax jordani[155]
Gymnothorax moringa, Moray[155]
Derichthys serpentinus[156]
Gastrostomus bairdi, Gulper-eel[156]
Notacanthus phasganorus[158]
Inner view of shoulder-girdle of Buffalo-fish (Ictiobus bubalus), showing the mesocoracoid[160]
Weberian apparatus and air-bladder of Carp[160]
Brycon dentex[162]
Pharyngeal bones and teeth of European Chub, Leuciscus cephalus[163]
Rhinichthys dulcis, Black-nosed Dace[164]
Notropis hudsonius, White Chub[165]
Ericymba buccata, Silver-jaw Minnow[165]
Notropis whipplei, Silverfin[166]
Campostoma anomalum, Stone-roller[167]
Head of Day-chub, Exoglossum maxillingua[167]
Semotilus atromaculatus, Horned Dace[168]
Abramis chrysoleucus, Shiner[168]
Ptychocheilus grandis, Squawfish[169]
Leuciscus lineatus, Chub of the Great Basin[169]
Lower Pharyngeal of Placopharynx duquesnii[171]
Erimyzon sucetta, Creekfish or Chub-sucker[172]
Ictiobus cyprinella, Buffalo-fish[173]
Carpiodes cyprinus, Carp-sucker[173]
Catostomus commersoni, Common Sucker[174]
Catostomus occidentalis, California Sucker[174]
Pharyngeal teeth of Oregon Sucker, Catostomus macrocheilus[175]
Xyrauchen cypho, Razor-back Sucker[175]
Felichthys felis, Gaff-topsail Cat[179]
Galeichthys milberti, Sea Catfish[179]
Ictalurus punctatus, Channel Catfish[180]
Ameiurus nebulosus, Horned Pout[181]
Schilbeodes furiosus, Mad-tom. Showing the poisoned pectoral spine[182]
Torpedo electricus, Electric Catfish[183]
Chlarias breviceps, African Catfish[185]
Loricaria aurea, Mailed Catfish from Venezuela[186]
Gnathonemus curvirostris[189]
Esox lucius, Pike[191]
Esox masquinongy, Muskallunge[192]
Umbra pygmæa, Mud-minnow[193]
Anableps dovii, Four-eyed Fish[195]
Cyprinodon variegatus, Round Minnow[196]
Jordanella floridæ, Everglade Minnow[197]
Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (male)[198]
Fundulis majalis, Mayfish (female)[198]
Zygonectes notatus, Top-minnow[198]
Empetrichthys merriami, Death Valley Fish[199]
Xiphophorus helleri, Sword-tail Minnow (male)[199]
Goodea luitpoldi, a Viviparous Fish[200]
Chologaster cornutus, Dismal Swamp Fish[201]
Typhlichthys subterraneus, Blind Cave-fish[202]
Amblyopsis spelæus, Blindfish of the Mammoth Cave[203]
Dallia pectoralis, Alaska Blackfish[206]
Tylosurus acus, Needle-fish[210]
Scombresox saurus, Saury[212]
Hyporhamphus unifasciatus, Halfbeak[212]
Fodiator acutus, Sharp-nosed Flying-fish[213]
Cypselurus californicus, Catalina Flying-fish[214]
Chirostoma humboldtianum, Pescado blanco[217]
Kirtlandia vagrans, Silverside or Brit[217]
Atherinopsis californiensis, Blue Smelt or Pez del Rey[218]
Iso flos-maris, Flower of the Waves[218]
Mugil cephalus, Striped Mullet[221]
Joturus pichardi, Joturo or Bobo[222]
Sphyræna barracuda, Barracuda[223]
Cobitopsis acuta[224]
Shoulder-girdle of a Threadfin, Polydactylus approximans[225]
Polydactylus octonemus, Threadfin[225]
Shoulder-girdle of a Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus[227]
Shoulder-girdle of Fistularia petimba, showing greatly extended interclavicle, the surface ossified[227]
Gasterosteus aculeatus, Three-spined Stickleback[232]
Apeltes quadracus, Four-spined Stickleback[232]
Aulostomus chinensis, Trumpet-fish[234]
Macrorhamphosus sagifue, Japanese Snipefish[234]
Æoliscus strigatus, Shrimp-fish[235]
Æoliscus heinrichi[235]
Solenostomus cyanopterus[237]
Hippocampus hudsonius, Sea-horse[238]
Zalises umitengu, Sea-moth[240]
Percopsis guttatus, Sand-roller[241]
Erismatopterus endlicheri[242]
Columbia transmontana, Oregon Trout-perch[242]
Shoulder-girdle of the Opah, Lampris guttatus (Brünnich), showing the enlarged infraclavicle[243]
LigaturesSemiophorus velifer[246]
Amphistium paradoxum[247]
Zeus faber, John Dory[248]
Skull of a Berycoidfish, Beryx splendens, showing the orbitosphenoid[250]
Beryx splendens[251]
Hoplopteryx lewesiensis[252]
Paratrachichthys prosthemius[253]
Holocentrus ascenscionis, Soldier-fish[254]
Holocentrus ittodai[254]
Ostichthys japonicus[255]
Monocentris japonicus, Pine-cone Fish[256]
Scomber scombrus, Mackerel[260]
Germo alalunga, Long-fin Albacore[263]
Scomberomorus maculatus, Spanish Mackerel[264]
Trichiurus lepturus, Cutlass-fish[268]
Palæorhynchus glarisianus[268]
Xiphias gladius, Young Swordfish[269]
Xiphias gladius, Swordfish[270]
Naucrates ductor, Pilot-fish[273]
Seriola lalandi, Amber-fish[273]
Trachurus trachurus, Saurel[274]
Carangus chrysos, Yellow Mackerel[275]
Trachinotus carolinus, the Pampano[277]
Cheilodipterus saltatrix, Bluefish[279]
Rachycentron canadum, Sergeant-fish[282]
Peprilus paru, Harvest-fish[284]
Gobiomorus gronovii, Portuguese Man-of-War Fish[285]
Coryphæna hippurus, Dolphin or Dorado[287]
Mene maculata[288]
Gasteronemus rhombeus[289]
Pempheris mulleri, Catalufa de lo Alto[289]
Pempheris nyctereutes[290]
Luvarus imperialis, Louvar[290]
Aphredoderus sayanus, Pirate Perch[295]
Elassoma evergladei, Everglade Pigmy Perch[295]
Skull of the Rock Bass, Ambloplites rupestris[296]
Pomoxis annularis, Crappie[297]
Pomoxis annularis, Crappie (from life)[298]
Ambloplites rupestris, Rock Bass[299]
Mesogonistius chætodon, Banded Sunfish[299]
Lepomis pallidus, Blue-gill[300]
Lepomis megalotis, Long-eared Sunfish[300]
Eupomotis gibbosus, Common Sunfish[301]
Micropterus dolomieu, Small Mouth Black Bass[303]
Micropterus salmoides, Large Mouth Black Bass[305]
Perca flavescens, Yellow perch[308]
Stizostedion canadense, Sauger[309]
Aspro asper, Aspron[309]
Zingel zingel, Zingel[310]
Percina caprodes, Log-perch[311]
Hadropterus aspro, Black-sided Darter[311]
Diplesion blennioides, Green-sided Darter[312]
Boleosoma olmstedi, Tessellated Darter[312]
Crystallaria asprella, Crystal Darter[313]
Ammocrypta clara, Sand-darter[313]
Etheostoma jordani[314]
Etheostoma camurum, Blue-breasted Darter[314]
Apogon retrosella, Cardinal-fish[316]
Telescopias gilberti, Kuromutsu[318]
Apogon semilineatus[319]
Oxylabrax undecimalis, Robalo[319]
Morone americana, White Perch[322]
Promicrops itaiara, Florida Jewfish[323]
Epinephelus striatus, Nassau Grouper: Cherna criolla[324]
Epinephelus drummond-hayi, John Paw or Speckled Hind[325]
Epinephelus morio, Red Grouper[325]
Epinephelus adscensionis, Red Hind[326]
Mycteroperca venenosa, Yellow-fin Grouper[327]
Hypoplectrus unicolor nigricans[328]
Epinephelus niveatus, Snowy Grouper[329]
Rypticus bistrispinus, Soapfish[330]
Lobotes surinamensis, Flasher[331]
Priacanthus arenatus, Catalufa[331]
Pseudopriacanthus altus, Bigeye[332]
Lutianus griseus, Gray Snapper[334]
Lutianus apodus, Schoolmaster[335]
Hoplopagrus guntheri[336]
Lutianus synagris, Lane Snapper or Biajaiba[336]
Ocyurus chrysurus, Yellow-tail Snapper[337]
Etelis oculatus, Cachucho[337]
Xenocys jessiæ[338]
Aphareus furcatus[339]
Hæmulon plumieri, Grunt[340]
Anisotremus virginicus, Porkfish[341]
Pagrus major, Red Tai of Japan[342]
Ebisu, the Fish-god of Japan, bearing a Red Tai[343]
Stenotomus chrysops, Scup[344]
Calamus bajonado, Jolt-head Porgy[345]
Calamus proridens, Little-head Porgy[345]
Diplodus holbrooki[346]
Archosargus unimaculatus, Salema, Striped Sheepshead[347]
Xystæma cinereum, Mojarra[348]
Gerres olisthostomus, Irish Pampano[349]
Kyphosus sectatrix, Chopa or Rudder-fish[349]
Apomotis cyanellus, Blue-green Sunfish[350]
Pseudupeneus maculatus, Red Goatfish or Salmonete[351]
Mullus auratus, Golden Surmullet[352]
Cynoscion nebulosus, Spotted Weakfish[353]
Bairdiella chrysura, Mademoiselle[355]
Sciænops ocellata, Red Drum[356]
Umbrina sinaloæ, Yellow-fin Roncador[357]
Menticirrhus americanus, Kingfish[357]
Pogonias chromis, Drum[358]
Gnathypops evermanni[359]
Opisthognathus macrognathus, Jawfish[359]
Opisthognathus nigromarginatus[360]
Chiasmodon niger, Black Swallower[360]
Cirrhitus rivulatus[364]
Trichodon trichodon, Sandfish[364]
Anabas scandens, Climbing Perch[366]
Channa formosana[371]
Ophicephalus barca, Snake-headed China-fish[371]
Cymatogaster aggregatus, White Surf-fish[372]
Hysterocarpus traski, Fresh-water Viviparous Perch[373]
Hypsurus caryi[373]
Damalichthys argyrosomus, White Surf-fish[374]
Rhacochilus toxotes, Thick-lipped Surf-fish[374]
Hypocritichthys analis, Silver Surf-fish, Viviparous[375]
Hysterocarpus traski, Viviparous Perch (male)[379]
Hypsypops rubicunda, Garibaldi[382]
Pomacentrus leucostictus, Damsel-fish[382]
Glyphisodon marginatus, Cockeye Pilot[383]
Microspathodon dorsalis, Indigo Damsel-fish[384]
Tautoga onitis, Tautog[384]
Tautoga onitis, Tautog[386]
Lachnolaimus falcatus, Capitaine or Hogfish[387]
Xyrichthys psittacus, Razor-fish[388]
Pimelometopon pulcher, Redfish (male)[389]
Lepidaplois perditio[389]
Pharyngeals of Italian Parrot-fish, Sparisoma cretense. a, Upper; b, Lower[391]
Jaws of Parrot-fish, Calotomus xenodon[391]
Cryptotomus beryllinus[391]
Sparisoma hoplomystax[392]
Sparisoma abildgaardi, Red Parrot-fish[392]
Jaws of Blue Parrot-fish, Scarus cæruleus[393]
Upper pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus[393]
Lower pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, Scarus strongylocephalus[393]
Scarus emblematicus[394]
Scarus cæruleus, Blue Parrot-fish[394]
Scarus vetula, Parrot-fish[395]
Halichæres bivittatus, Slippery Dick or Doncella, a fish of the coral-reefs[399]
Monodactylus argenteus[397]
Psettus sebæ[399]
Chætodipterus faber, Spadefish[401]
Chætodon capistratus, Butterfly-fish[402]
Pomacanthus arcuatus, Black Angel-fish[403]
Holacanthus ciliaris, Angel-fish or Isabelita[404]
Holacanthus tricolor, Rock Beauty[405]
Zanclus canescens, Moorish Idol[406]
Teuthis cæruleus, Blue Tang[407]
Teuthis bahianus, Brown Tang[408]
Balistes carolinensis, Trigger-fish[412]
Osbeckia lævis, File-fish[414]
Amanses scopas, Needle-bearing File-fish[414]
Stephanolepis hispidus, Common File-fish[415]
Lactophrys tricornis, Horned Trunkfish, Cowfish, or Cuckold[416]
Ostracion cornutum, Horned Trunkfish[416]
Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish[416]
Lactophrys bicaudalis, Spotted Trunkfish (face view)[417]
Lactophrys triqueter, Spineless Trunkfish[417]
Lactophrys trigonus, Hornless Trunkfish[418]
Skeleton of the Cowfish, Lactophrys tricornis[418]
Lagocephalus lævigatus, Silvery Puffer[419]
Spheroides spengleri, Puffer, Inflated[420]
Spheroides maculatus, Puffer[420]
Tetraodon meleagris[421]
Tetraodon setosus, Bristly Globefish[422]
Diodon hystrix, Porcupine-fish[422]
Chilomycterus schœpfi, Rabbit-fish[423]
Mola mola, Headfish (adult)[424]
Ranzania makua, King of the Mackerel, from Honolulu[425]
Sebastes marinus, Rosefish[427]
Skull of Scorpænichthys marmoratus[427]
Sebastolobus altivelis[428]
Sebastodes mystinus, Priest-fish[430]
Sebastichthys serriceps[431]
Sebastichthys nigrocinctus, Banded Rockfish[432]
Scorpæna grandicornis, Lion-fish[433]
Scorpæna mystes, Sea-scorpion[434]
Pterois volitans, Lion-fish or Sausolele[435]
Emmydrichthys vulcanus, Black Nohu or Poison-fish[436]
Snyderina yamanokami[437]
Trachicephalus uranoscopus[438]
Anoplopoma fimbria, Skilfish[438]
Pleurogrammus monopterygius, Atka-fish[439]
Hexagrammos decagrammus, Greenling[440]
Ophiodon elongatus, Cultus Cod[440]
Jordania zonope[442]
Astrolytes notospilotus[442]
Hemilepidotus jordani, Irish Lord[443]
Triglops pingeli[443]
Enophrys bison, Buffalo Sculpin[443]
Ceratocottus diceraus[444]
Elanura forficata[444]
Cottus punctulatus, Yellowstone Miller's Thumb[444]
Uranidea tenuis, Miller's Thumb[445]
Cottus evermanni[445]
Cottus gulosus, California Miller's Thumb[446]
Myxocephalus niger, Pribilof Sculpin[446]
Myxocephalus octodecimspinosus, 18-spined Sculpin[447]
Oncocottus quadricornis[447]
Blepsias cirrhosus[448]
Hemitripterus americanus, Sea-raven[448]
Oligocottus maculosus[449]
Ereunias grallator[450]
Psychrolutes paradoxus, Sleek Sculpin[451]
Gilbertidia sigolutes[451]
Rhamphocottus richardsoni, Richardson's Sculpin[451]
Stelgis vulsus[451]
Draciscus sachi[452]
Pallasina barbata, Agonoid-fish[453]
Aspidophoroides monopterygius[453]
Cyclopterus lumpus, Lumpfish[454]
Crystallias matsushimæ, Liparid[454]
Neoliparis mucosus, Snailfish[455]
Prionotus evolans, Sea-robin[456]
Cephalacanthus volitans, Flying Gurnard[457]
Peristedion miniatum[457]
Philypnus dormitor, Guavina de Rio[460]
Eleotris pisonis, Dormeur[460]
Dormitator maculatus, Guavina mapo[461]
Vireosa hanæ[461]
Gobionellus oceanicus, Esmeralda de Mar[461]
Pterogobius daimio[462]
Aboma etheostoma, Darter Goby[462]
Gillichthys mirabilis, Long-jawed Goby[463]
Boleophthalmus chinensis, Pond-skipper[466]
Periophthalmus barbarus, Mud-skippy[466]
Eutæniichthys gillii[467]
Leptecheneis naucrates, Sucking-fish or Pegador[468]
Rhombochirus osteochir[469]
Regalecus russelli, Glesnæs Oarfish[476]
Trachypterus rex-salmonorum, Dealfish or King of the Salmon[478]
Young Flounder just hatched[482]
Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Larval Flounder[483]
Larval Stages of Platophrys podas, a Flounder[484]
Platophrys lunatus, Peacock Flounder[485]
Heterocercal Tail of Young Trout, Salmo fario[486]
Homocercal Tail of a Flounder, Paralichthys californicus[486]
Lophopsetta maculata, Window-pane[487]
Syacium papillosum, Wide-eyed Flounder[488]
Etropus crossotus[489]
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Halibut[492]
Paralichthys dentatus, Wide-mouthed Flounder[493]
Liopsetta putnami, Eel-back Flounder[494]
Platichthys stellatus, Starry Flounder[495]
Achirus lineatus, Hog-choker Sole[496]
Symphurus plagiusa[498]
Pteropsaron evolans[502]
Bathymaster signatus[503]
Ariscopus iburius[504]
Astroscopus guttatus, Star-gazer[505]
Neoclinus satiricus, Sarcastic Blenny[507]
Gibbonsia evides, Kelp Blenny[508]
Blennius cristatus[508]
Alticus atlanticus, Rock-skipper[509]
Alticus saliens, Lizard-skipper[509]
Emblemaria atlantica[510]
Scartichthys enosimæ, Fish of the rock-pools of the sacred island of Enoshima, Japan[510]
Zacalles bryope[511]
Bryostemma tarsodes[511]
Exerpes asper[511]
Pholis gunnellus, Gunnel[512]
Xiphistes chirus[512]
Ozorthe dictyogramma[513]
Stichæus punctatus[513]
Bryostemma otohime[514]
Ptilichthys goodei, Quillfish[514]
Blochius longirostris[514]
Xiphasia setifera[515]
Cryptacanthodes maculatus, Wrymouth[516]
Anarhichas lupus, Wolf-fish[517]
Skull of Anarrhichthys ocellatus[517]
Zoarces anguillaris, Eel-pout[518]
Lycodes reticulatus, Eel-pout[519]
Lycenchelys verrilli[519]
Scytalina cerdale[519]
Rissola marginata, Cusk-eel[520]
Lycodapus dermatinus[520]
Ammodytes americanus, Sand-lance[521]
Embolichthys mitsukurii[521]
Fierasfer dubius, Pearlfish, Embedded in Pearl[522]
Fierasfer acus, Pearlfish[523]
Brotula barbata[524]
Lucifuga subterranea, Blind Brotula[524]
Opsanus pardus, Leopard Toadfish[525]
Porichthys porosissimus, Singing Fish (with Many Lateral Lines)[526]
Aspasma ciconiæ[530]
Caularchus mæandricus, Clingfish[531]
Mastacembelus ellipsifer[532]
Gadus callarias, Codfish[533]
Skull of Haddock, Melanogrammus æglifinus[536]
Melanogrammus æglifinus, Haddock[536]
Theragra chalcogramma, Pollock[537]
Microgadus tomcod, Tomcod[538]
Lota maculosa, Burbot[539]
Enchelyopus cimbrius, Four-bearded Rockling[539]
Merluccius productus, California Hake[540]
Coryphænoides carapinus, showing leptocercal tail[540]
Cælorhynchus carminatus, Grenadier[541]
Steindachnerella argentea[541]
Lophius litulon, Anko or Fishing-frog[545]
Cryptopsaras couesi[547]
Ceratias holbolli, Deep-sea Angler[548]
Caulophryne jordani[548]
Pterophryne tumida, Sargassum-fish, one of the Anglers[549]
Antennarius nox, Fishing-frog[550]
Shoulder-girdle of a Batfish, Ogcocephalus radiatus[551]
Antennarius scaber, Frogfish[551]
Ogcocephalus vespertilio[552]
Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish[553]
Ogcocephalus vespertilio, Batfish[553]

ERRATA[[1]]
Vol. II

Page[xviii],line7,for Ophicæphalus read Ophicephalus
[xviii],"37,for Mononactylus read Monodactylus
[xix],"33,for Trachicephales read Trachicephalus
[xx],"37,for Regaleaus glesneacsanius read Regalecus russelli
[xxi],"2,for Etopus read Etropus
[xxi],"35,for Zoacres read Zoarces
[1],"7,for jaws read jaw
[14],"9,for hetercoercal read heterocercal
[136],"3,for Evermannellus read Evermannella
[170],"11,for the fin read the dorsal fin
[171],"10,for have read has
[303],legend, for Lacepède read Lacépède
[307],line14,for vertebrate read vertebral
[311],"12,not clearly stated. The air-bladder is least developed in those species which cling closest to the bottom of the stream
[350],legend, for Apomotes read Apomotis
[355],line18,for ours read our
[357],"14,for chætodon read Chætodon
[358],"17,for Scriænidæ read Sciænidæ
[360],"14,for Percesoces read Percesoces
[409],"16,for naseus read Naseus
[419],"23,for of the generic of this group read separating the group into genera
[440],"17,for Chinnook read Chinook
[459],"24,for but the most read but most
[459],"25,for thme read them
[467],"14,for Typhogobius read Typhlogobius
[472],lines34, 35,omit "but never in the United States". Specimens of Regalecus have been taken at Anclote Key, Florida, and at the Tortugas.
[580],col.3,line 17, for 165 read 105