[18] Michel Accault, a companion of La Salle.
[19] See Prof. N. H. Winchell’s admirable map contained in Volume III, Memoirs of Explorations in the Basin of the Mississippi, St. Paul, 1900. This chart shows with great precision the geographical names and their dates, given prior to Nicollet’s map of 1841, and locates the Iowa on the west bank of the Mississippi, near the “Riviere de Aiounoues” according to Franquelin’s map of 1684, and also in a space bounded on the north and east by the St. Peter’s river (Minisoute Ouadeba or St. Peters river of Jefferys, 1762) and on the south and west by the Riviere aux Liards and Redwood river respectively, of Long. Franquelin’s map, Carte de la Louisiane, a facsimile of which is in the Library of Harvard University, (the original formerly in the Archives of the Marine, in Paris, has been lost), locates the Ai8u8e and the Paote on the Riviere des Ai8u8e (Iowa).
[20] In Thwaites’ edition of Lewis & Clark (Original Journals, VI, 91-92, 1905) the number is given as “200 warriors or 400 souls, eighteen leagues up Platte river on the S. E. side, although they formerly lived on the Missouri above the Platte.” When the traders first knew the Iowa the band consisted of about 800 souls. Their principal points of commerce were Robidoux’s Post at Black Hills, the present site of St. Joseph, Missouri, and at Council Bluffs, though not as extensively at the latter. See Chittenden, The American Fur Trade, p. 874, and also The Henry and Thompson Journals, Coues ed., for an account of Robidoux’s dealings. Maximilian’s Travels, Vol. 1, p. 257 note, has a valuable reference.
[21] Probably what was then known as the Big Platte in Nebraska.
[22] See F. J. Goodfellow, S. D. Hist. Coll., Vol. 2, also the original translation of a portion of Le Sueur’s Voyage in Wis. Hist. Coll., Vol. XVI. The Fort took its name from L’Huillier, one of the French farmer generals and Le Sueur’s patron. In September, 1700, Le Sueur reached the present site of Mankato, Minn., and built the Fort, which according to most authorities was completed Oct. 14 of that year. The post was abandoned in 1703.
[23] Rep. of Sec. of War, 1829.
[24] Pike’s Expedition, etc., etc., edited by Elliott Coues, 1895.
[25] Jesuit Relations, Vol. LX, also note 60.
[26] Buffalo hides. The earlier explorers referred to the buffalo (Bison americanus) under various cognomens. Boeuf sauvage, was the name given to it by Du Pratz; the Canadian voyageurs termed it simply le boeuf. See Allen, History of the American Bison, 1877.
[27] Red Pipestone, a fine grained argillaceous sediment, the analysis of which is as follows: Silica, 48:20, alumina, 28:20, ferric oxide, 5, carbonate of lime, 2:60, manganous oxide, 0:60, magnesia, 6, water 8:40, loss 1. First brought to the attention of mineralogists by George Catlin and named in his honor “catlinite.”