CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
We have now traced the transmission of a particular type of Hellenistic culture through the Syrian Church, the Zoroastrians of Persia, and the pagans of Harran to the Islamic community, where it was rather compromised by the patronage of those whom the official Muslim teachers decided to regard as heretics. In spite of this censure it has left a very distinct and enduring impression on Muslim theology and on popular beliefs. After a chequered career in the East it passed over to the Western Muslim community in Spain, where it had a very specialised development, which finally made a deeper impression on Christian and Jewish thought than on that of the Muslims themselves, and attained its final evolution in North-East Italy, where, as an anti-ecclesiastical influence, it prepared the way for the Renascence. But this main line of development is not really the most important; all along that line it was branching off on one side or another, and its richest fruits must be sought in these side issues, in the scholasticism which, in Islam, in Judaism, and in Christianity, was a reaction from its teaching, and in the medical, chemical, and other scientific studies of the Middle Ages, which largely owed their inspiration to its influence. It is the most romantic history of culture drift which is known to us in detail.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
Years from the death of the Prophet Muhammad to the fall of the Muwahhid dynasty in Spain.
| A.H. | A.D. | Muslim year begins. | Leading events. |
| 11 | 632 | Mar. | 29 | d. of Muhammad. Abu Bakr Khalif. |
| 12 | 633 | " | 18 | |
| 13 | 634 | " | 7 | Umar Khalif. |
| 14 | 635 | Feb. | 25 | |
| 15 | 636 | " | 14 | |
| 16 | 637 | " | 2 | |
| 17 | 638 | Jan. | 23 | Syria and Mesopotamia conquered. |
| 18 | 639 | " | 12 | |
| 19 | 640 | " | 2 | |
| 20 | 640 | Dec. | 21 | Egypt conquered. |
| 21 | 641 | " | 10 | Persia conquered. |
| 22 | 642 | Nov. | 30 | |
| 23 | 643 | " | 19 | Uthman Khalif. |
| 24 | 644 | " | 7 | |
| 25 | 645 | Oct. | 28 | |
| 26 | 646 | " | 18 | |
| 27 | 647 | " | 7 | |
| 28 | 648 | Sept. | 25 | |
| 29 | 649 | " | 14 | |
| 30 | 650 | " | 4 | |
| 31 | 651 | Aug. | 24 | |
| 32 | 652 | " | 12 | |
| 33 | 653 | " | 2 | |
| 34 | 654 | July | 22 | |
| 35 | 655 | " | 11 | `Ali Khalif. |
| 36 | 656 | June | 30 | |
| 37 | 657 | " | 19 | |
| 38 | 658 | " | 9 | |
| 39 | 659 | May | 29 | |
| 40 | 660 | " | 17 | |
| 41 | 661 | " | 7 | Mu`awiya I. Khalif: Umayyads. |
| 42 | 662 | Apr. | 26 | |
| 43 | 663 | " | 15 | |
| 44 | 664 | " | 4 | |
| 45 | 665 | Mar. | 24 | |
| 46 | 666 | " | 13 | |
| 47 | 667 | " | 3 | |
| 48 | 668 | Feb. | 20 | |
| 49 | 669 | " | 9 | Al-Hasan died. (2nd Imam.) |
| 50 | 670 | Jan. | 29 | |
| 51 | 671 | " | 18 | |
| 52 | 672 | " | 8 | |
| 53 | 672 | Dec. | 27 | |
| 54 | 673 | " | 16 | |
| 55 | 674 | " | 6 | |
| 56 | 675 | Nov. | 25 | |
| 57 | 676 | " | 14 | |
| 58 | 677 | " | 3 | |
| 59 | 678 | Oct. | 23 | |
| 60 | 679 | " | 13 | Yazid Khalif. |
| 61 | 680 | " | 1 | Karbela and d. of al-Husayn. |
| 62 | 681 | Sept. | 20 | |
| 63 | 682 | " | 10 | |
| 64 | 683 | Aug. | 30 | Mu`awiya II. Khalif: Marwan Khalif. |
| 65 | 684 | " | 18 | Abdu l-Malik Khalif. |
| 66 | 685 | " | 8 | |
| 67 | 686 | July | 28 | |
| 68 | 687 | " | 18 | |
| 69 | 688 | " | 6 | |
| 70 | 689 | June | 25 | |
| 71 | 690 | " | 15 | |
| 72 | 691 | " | 4 | |
| 73 | 692 | May | 23 | |
| 74 | 693 | " | 13 | |
| 75 | 694 | " | 2 | |
| 76 | 695 | Apr. | 21 | |
| 77 | 696 | " | 10 | |
| 78 | 697 | Mar. | 30 | |
| 79 | 698 | " | 20 | |
| 80 | 699 | " | 9 | |
| 81 | 700 | Feb. | 26 | |
| 82 | 701 | " | 15 | |
| 83 | 702 | " | 4 | |
| 84 | 703 | Jan. | 24 | |
| 85 | 704 | " | 14 | |
| 86 | 705 | " | 2 | al-Walid Khalif. |
| 87 | 705 | Dec. | 23 | |
| 88 | 706 | " | 12 | |
| 89 | 707 | " | 1 | |
| 90 | 708 | Nov. | 20 | |
| 91 | 709 | " | 9 | |
| 92 | 710 | Oct. | 29 | |
| 93 | 711 | " | 19 | |
| 94 | 712 | " | 7 | |
| 95 | 713 | Sept. | 26 | |
| 96 | 714 | " | 16 | Sulayman Khalif. |
| 97 | 715 | " | 5 | |
| 98 | 716 | Aug. | 25 | |
| 99 | 717 | " | 14 | Umar II. Khalif. |
| 100 | 718 | " | 3 | |
| 101 | 719 | July | 24 | Yazif II. Khalif. |
| 102 | 720 | " | 12 | |
| 103 | 721 | " | 1 | |
| 104 | 722 | June | 21 | |
| 105 | 723 | " | 10 | |
| 106 | 724 | May | 29 | Hisham Khalif. |
| 107 | 725 | " | 19 | |
| 108 | 726 | " | 8 | |
| 109 | 727 | Apr. | 28 | |
| 110 | 728 | " | 16 | |
| 111 | 729 | " | 5 | |
| 112 | 730 | Mar. | 26 | |
| 113 | 731 | " | 15 | |
| 114 | 732 | " | 3 | |
| 115 | 733 | Feb. | 21 | |
| 116 | 734 | " | 10 | |
| 117 | 735 | Jan. | 31 | |
| 118 | 736 | " | 20 | |
| 119 | 737 | " | 8 | |
| 120 | 737 | Dec. | 29 | |
| 121 | 738 | " | 18 | |
| 122 | 739 | " | 7 | |
| 123 | 740 | Nov. | 26 | |
| 124 | 741 | " | 15 | |
| 125 | 742 | " | 4 | |
| 126 | 743 | Oct. | 25 | Al-Walid II. Khalif. |
| 127 | 744 | " | 15 | Yazid III.—Ibrahim Khalifs. |
| 128 | 745 | " | 3 | Marwan II. Khalif. |
| 129 | 746 | Sept. | 22 | |
| 130 | 747 | " | 11 | |
| 131 | 748 | Aug. | 31 | |
| 132 | 749 | " | 20 | End of Umayyad dyn.—As-Saffah Khalif. |
| 133 | 750 | " | 9 | |
| 134 | 751 | July | 30 | |
| 135 | 752 | " | 18 | |
| 136 | 753 | " | 7 | Al-Mansur Khalif. |
| 137 | 754 | June | 27 | |
| 138 | 755 | " | 16 | Umayyads established at Cordova. |
| 139 | 756 | " | 5 | |
| 140 | 757 | May | 25 | Ibn al-Muqaffa` killed. |
| 141 | 758 | " | 14 | |
| 142 | 759 | " | 4 | |
| 143 | 760 | Apr. | 22 | |
| 144 | 761 | " | 11 | |
| 145 | 762 | " | 1 | Baghdad founded. |
| 146 | 763 | Mar. | 21 | |
| 147 | 764 | " | 10 | |
| 148 | 765 | Feb. | 27 | Imam Ja`far as-Sadiq died. |
| 149 | 766 | " | 16 | |
| 150 | 767 | " | 6 | |
| 151 | 768 | Jan. | 26 | |
| 152 | 769 | " | 14 | |
| 153 | 770 | " | 4 | |
| 154 | 770 | Dec. | 24 | |
| 155 | 771 | " | 13 | |
| 156 | 772 | " | 2 | |
| 157 | 773 | Nov. | 21 | |
| 158 | 774 | " | 11 | Al-Mahdi Khalif. |
| 159 | 775 | Oct. | 31 | |
| 160 | 776 | " | 19 | |
| 161 | 777 | " | 9 | |
| 162 | 778 | Sept. | 28 | |
| 163 | 779 | " | 17 | |
| 164 | 780 | " | 6 | |
| 165 | 781 | Aug. | 26 | |
| 166 | 782 | " | 15 | |
| 167 | 783 | " | 5 | |
| 168 | 784 | July | 24 | |
| 169 | 785 | " | 14 | Al-Hadi Khalif. |
| 170 | 786 | " | 3 | Harunu r-Rashid Khalif. |
| 171 | 787 | June | 22 | |
| 172 | 788 | " | 11 | (Idrisids estab. in Morocco.) |
| 173 | 789 | May | 31 | |
| 174 | 790 | " | 20 | |
| 175 | 791 | " | 10 | |
| 176 | 792 | Apr. | 28 | |
| 177 | 793 | " | 18 | |
| 178 | 794 | " | 7 | |
| 179 | 795 | Mar. | 27 | |
| 180 | 796 | " | 16 | |
| 181 | 797 | " | 5 | |
| 182 | 798 | Feb. | 22 | |
| 183 | 799 | " | 12 | |
| 184 | 800 | " | 1 | |
| 185 | 801 | Jan. | 20 | |
| 186 | 802 | " | 10 | |
| 187 | 802 | Dec. | 30 | Fall of the Barmecides. |
| 188 | 803 | " | 20 | |
| 189 | 804 | " | 8 | |
| 190 | 805 | Nov. | 27 | |
| 191 | 806 | " | 17 | |
| 192 | 807 | " | 6 | |
| 193 | 808 | Oct. | 25 | Al-Amin Khalif. |
| 194 | 809 | " | 15 | |
| 195 | 810 | " | 4 | |
| 196 | 811 | Sept. | 23 | |
| 197 | 812 | " | 12 | |
| 198 | 813 | " | 1 | Al-Ma´mun Khalif. |
| 199 | 814 | Aug. | 22 | |
| 200 | 815 | " | 11 | |
| 201 | 816 | July | 30 | |
| 202 | 817 | " | 20 | |
| 203 | 818 | " | 9 | |
| 204 | 819 | June | 28 | Ash-Shafi`i died. |
| 205 | 820 | " | 17 | |
| 206 | 821 | " | 6 | |
| 207 | 822 | May | 27 | |
| 208 | 823 | " | 16 | |
| 209 | 824 | " | 4 | |
| 210 | 825 | Apr. | 24 | |
| 211 | 826 | " | 13 | |
| 212 | 827 | " | 2 | Decree that Qur´an was created. |
| 213 | 828 | Mar. | 22 | |
| 214 | 829 | " | 11 | |
| 215 | 830 | Feb. | 28 | |
| 216 | 831 | " | 18 | |
| 217 | 832 | " | 7 | Bayt al-Hikma founded (circ.) |
| 218 | 833 | Jan. | 27 | Al-Mu`tasim Khalif, orthodox reaction. |
| 219 | 834 | " | 16 | (Capital removed to Samarra.) |
| 220 | 835 | " | 5 | |
| 221 | 835 | Dec. | 26 | |
| 222 | 836 | " | 14 | |
| 223 | 837 | " | 3 | |
| 224 | 838 | Nov. | 23 | |
| 225 | 839 | " | 12 | |
| 226 | 840 | Oct. | 31 | Abu Hudhayl died. |
| 227 | 841 | " | 21 | Al-Wasiq Khalif. |
| 228 | 842 | " | 10 | |
| 229 | 843 | Sept. | 30 | |
| 230 | 844 | " | 18 | |
| 231 | 845 | " | 7 | An-Nazzam died. |
| 232 | 846 | Aug. | 28 | Al-Mutawakkil Khalif. |
| 233 | 847 | " | 17 | |
| 234 | 848 | " | 5 | |
| 235 | 849 | July | 26 | |
| 236 | 850 | " | 15 | |
| 237 | 851 | " | 5 | |
| 238 | 852 | June | 23 | |
| 239 | 853 | " | 12 | |
| 240 | 854 | " | 2 | |
| 241 | 855 | May | 22 | |
| 242 | 856 | " | 10 | |
| 243 | 857 | Apr. | 30 | |
| 244 | 858 | " | 19 | |
| 245 | 859 | " | 8 | |
| 246 | 860 | Mar. | 28 | |
| 247 | 861 | " | 17 | Al-Muntasir Khalif. |
| 248 | 862 | " | 7 | Al-Musta`in Khalif. |
| 249 | 863 | Feb. | 24 | |
| 250 | 864 | " | 13 | |
| 251 | 865 | " | 2 | |
| 252 | 866 | Jan. | 22 | Al-Mu`tazz Khalif. |
| 253 | 867 | " | 11 | |
| 254 | 868 | " | 1 | |
| 255 | 868 | Dec. | 20 | Al-Muhtadi Khalif. |
| 256 | 869 | " | 9 | Al-Mu`tamid Khalif returns to Baghdad. |
| 257 | 870 | Nov. | 29 | Al-Bukhari died. |
| 258 | 871 | " | 18 | |
| 259 | 872 | " | 7 | |
| 260 | 873 | Oct. | 27 | (circ) al-Kindi died. |
| 261 | 874 | " | 16 | |
| 262 | 875 | " | 6 | |
| 263 | 876 | Sept. | 24 | |
| 264 | 877 | " | 13 | |
| 265 | 878 | " | 3 | |
| 266 | 879 | Aug. | 23 | |
| 267 | 880 | " | 12 | |
| 268 | 881 | " | 1 | |
| 269 | 882 | July | 21 | |
| 270 | 883 | " | 11 | |
| 271 | 884 | June | 29 | |
| 272 | 885 | " | 18 | |
| 273 | 886 | " | 8 | |
| 274 | 887 | May | 28 | |
| 275 | 888 | " | 16 | |
| 276 | 889 | " | 6 | |
| 277 | 890 | Apr. | 25 | |
| 278 | 891 | " | 15 | |
| 279 | 892 | " | 3 | Mu`tadid Khalif. |
| 280 | 893 | Mar. | 23 | |
| 281 | 894 | " | 13 | |
| 282 | 895 | " | 2 | |
| 283 | 896 | Feb. | 19 | |
| 284 | 897 | " | 8 | |
| 285 | 898 | Jan. | 28 | |
| 286 | 899 | " | 17 | |
| 287 | 900 | " | 7 | |
| 288 | 900 | Dec. | 26 | |
| 289 | 901 | " | 16 | Al-Muktafi Khalif. |
| 290 | 902 | " | 5 | |
| 291 | 903 | Nov. | 24 | |
| 292 | 904 | " | 13 | |
| 293 | 905 | " | 2 | |
| 294 | 906 | Oct. | 22 | |
| 295 | 907 | " | 12 | Al Muqtadir Khalif. |
| 296 | 908 | Sept. | 30 | |
| 297 | 909 | " | 20 | Fatimite Khalif at Kairawan. |
| 298 | 910 | " | 9 | |
| 299 | 911 | Aug. | 28 | |
| 300 | 912 | " | 19 | Al-Ash`ari professes orthodoxy. |
| 301 | 913 | " | 7 | |
| 302 | 914 | July | 27 | |
| 303 | 915 | " | 17 | |
| 304 | 916 | " | 5 | |
| 305 | 917 | June | 24 | |
| 306 | 918 | " | 14 | |
| 307 | 919 | " | 3 | |
| 308 | 920 | May | 23 | |
| 309 | 921 | " | 12 | |
| 310 | 922 | " | 1 | |
| 311 | 923 | Apr. | 21 | |
| 312 | 924 | " | 9 | |
| 313 | 925 | Mar. | 29 | |
| 314 | 926 | " | 10 | |
| 315 | 927 | " | 8 | |
| 316 | 928 | Feb. | 25 | |
| 317 | 929 | " | 14 | |
| 318 | 930 | " | 3 | |
| 319 | 931 | Jan. | 24 | |
| 320 | 932 | " | 13 | Al-Qahir Khalif. |
| 321 | 933 | " | 1 | |
| 322 | 933 | Dec. | 22 | ar-Razi Khalif. |
| 323 | 934 | " | 11 | al-Mataridi d. |
| 324 | 935 | Nov. | 30 | Buwayhids seize Baghdad. |
| 325 | 936 | " | 10 | |
| 326 | 937 | " | 8 | |
| 327 | 938 | Oct. | 28 | |
| 328 | 939 | " | 18 | |
| 329 | 940 | " | 6 | al-Muttaqi Khalif. |
| 330 | 941 | Sept. | 26 | |
| 331 | 942 | " | 15 | |
| 332 | 943 | " | 4 | |
| 333 | 944 | Aug. | 24 | al-Mustakfi Khalif. |
| 334 | 945 | " | 13 | Al-Muti` Khalif. |
| 335 | 945 | " | 2 | |
| 336 | 947 | July | 23 | |
| 337 | 948 | " | 11 | |
| 338 | 949 | " | 1 | |
| 339 | 950 | June | 20 | al-Farabi d. |
| 340 | 951 | " | 9 | |
| 341 | 952 | May | 29 | |
| 342 | 953 | " | 18 | |
| 343 | 954 | " | 7 | |
| 344 | 955 | Apr. | 27 | |
| 345 | 956 | " | 15 | |
| 346 | 957 | " | 4 | |
| 347 | 958 | Mar. | 25 | |
| 348 | 959 | " | 14 | |
| 349 | 960 | " | 3 | |
| 350 | 961 | Feb. | 20 | |
| 351 | 962 | " | 9 | |
| 352 | 963 | Jan. | 30 | |
| 353 | 964 | " | 19 | |
| 354 | 965 | " | 7 | |
| 355 | 965 | Dec. | 28 | |
| 356 | 966 | " | 17 | Fatimites in Egypt: Cairo founded. |
| 357 | 967 | " | 7 | |
| 358 | 968 | Nov. | 25 | |
| 359 | 969 | " | 14 | |
| 360 | 970 | " | 4 | |
| 361 | 971 | Oct. | 24 | |
| 362 | 972 | " | 12 | |
| 363 | 973 | " | 2 | At-Tai` Khalif. |
| 364 | 974 | Sept. | 21 | |
| 365 | 975 | " | 10 | |
| 366 | 976 | Aug. | 30 | |
| 367 | 977 | " | 19 | |
| 368 | 978 | " | 9 | |
| 369 | 979 | July | 29 | |
| 370 | 980 | " | 17 | |
| 371 | 981 | " | 7 | |
| 372 | 982 | June | 26 | |
| 373 | 983 | " | 15 | |
| 374 | 984 | " | 4 | |
| 375 | 985 | May | 24 | |
| 376 | 986 | " | 13 | |
| 377 | 987 | " | 3 | |
| 378 | 988 | Apr. | 21 | |
| 379 | 989 | " | 11 | |
| 380 | 990 | Mar. | 31 | Al-Qadir Khalif. |
| 381 | 991 | " | 20 | |
| 382 | 992 | " | 9 | |
| 383 | 993 | Feb. | 26 | |
| 384 | 994 | " | 15 | |
| 385 | 995 | " | 5 | |
| 386 | 996 | Jan. | 25 | |
| 387 | 997 | " | 14 | |
| 388 | 998 | " | 3 | Rise of Mahmud of Ghazna. |
| 389 | 998 | Dec. | 23 | |
| 390 | 999 | " | 13 | |
| 391 | 1000 | " | 1 | |
| 392 | 1001 | Nov. | 20 | |
| 393 | 1002 | " | 10 | |
| 394 | 1003 | Oct. | 30 | |
| 395 | 1004 | " | 18 | |
| 396 | 1005 | " | 8 | |
| 397 | 1006 | Sept. | 27 | |
| 398 | 1007 | " | 17 | |
| 399 | 1008 | " | 5 | |
| 400 | 1009 | Aug. | 25 | |
| 401 | 1010 | " | 15 | |
| 402 | 1011 | " | 4 | |
| 403 | 1012 | July | 23 | |
| 404 | 1013 | " | 13 | |
| 405 | 1014 | " | 2 | |
| 406 | 1015 | June | 21 | |
| 407 | 1016 | " | 10 | |
| 408 | 1017 | May | 30 | |
| 409 | 1018 | " | 20 | |
| 410 | 1019 | " | 9 | |
| 411 | 1020 | Apr. | 27 | |
| 412 | 1021 | " | 17 | |
| 413 | 1022 | " | 6 | |
| 414 | 1023 | Mar. | 26 | |
| 415 | 1024 | " | 15 | |
| 416 | 1025 | " | 4 | |
| 417 | 1026 | Feb. | 22 | |
| 418 | 1027 | " | 11 | |
| 419 | 1028 | Jan. | 31 | |
| 420 | 1029 | " | 20 | |
| 421 | 1030 | " | 9 | |
| 422 | 1030 | Dec. | 29 | Al-Qa´im Khalif. |
| 423 | 1031 | " | 19 | |
| 424 | 1032 | " | 7 | |
| 425 | 1033 | Nov. | 26 | |
| 426 | 1034 | " | 16 | |
| 427 | 1035 | " | 5 | |
| 428 | 1036 | Oct. | 25 | Ibn Sina (Avicenna) d. |
| 429 | 1037 | " | 14 | |
| 430 | 1038 | " | 3 | |
| 431 | 1039 | Sept. | 23 | |
| 432 | 1040 | " | 11 | |
| 433 | 1041 | Aug. | 31 | |
| 434 | 1042 | " | 21 | |
| 435 | 1043 | " | 10 | |
| 436 | 1044 | July | 29 | |
| 437 | 1045 | " | 19 | |
| 438 | 1046 | " | 8 | |
| 439 | 1047 | June | 28 | |
| 440 | 1048 | " | 16 | |
| 441 | 1049 | " | 5 | |
| 442 | 1050 | May | 26 | |
| 443 | 1051 | " | 15 | |
| 444 | 1052 | " | 3 | |
| 445 | 1053 | Apr. | 23 | |
| 446 | 1054 | " | 12 | |
| 447 | 1055 | " | 2 | Saljuk Turks in Baghdad. |
| 448 | 1056 | Mar. | 21 | |
| 449 | 1057 | " | 10 | |
| 450 | 1058 | Feb. | 28 | |
| 451 | 1059 | " | 17 | |
| 452 | 1060 | " | 6 | |
| 453 | 1061 | Jan. | 26 | |
| 454 | 1062 | " | 15 | |
| 455 | 1063 | " | 4 | Ash`arites tolerated. |
| 456 | 1063 | Dec. | 25 | |
| 457 | 1064 | " | 13 | |
| 458 | 1065 | " | 3 | |
| 459 | 1066 | Nov. | 22 | |
| 460 | 1067 | " | 11 | |
| 461 | 1068 | Oct. | 31 | |
| 462 | 1069 | " | 20 | |
| 463 | 1070 | " | 9 | |
| 464 | 1071 | Sept. | 29 | |
| 465 | 1072 | " | 17 | |
| 466 | 1073 | " | 6 | |
| 467 | 1074 | Aug. | 27 | Al-Muqtadi Khalif. |
| 468 | 1075 | " | 16 | |
| 469 | 1076 | " | 5 | |
| 470 | 1077 | July | 25 | |
| 471 | 1078 | " | 14 | |
| 472 | 1079 | " | 4 | |
| 473 | 1080 | June | 22 | |
| 474 | 1081 | " | 11 | |
| 475 | 1082 | " | 1 | |
| 476 | 1083 | May | 21 | |
| 477 | 1084 | " | 10 | |
| 478 | 1085 | Apr. | 29 | |
| 479 | 1086 | " | 18 | |
| 480 | 1087 | " | 8 | |
| 481 | 1088 | Mar. | 27 | |
| 482 | 1089 | " | 16 | |
| 483 | 1090 | " | 6 | |
| 484 | 1091 | Feb. | 23 | |
| 485 | 1092 | " | 12 | |
| 486 | 1093 | " | 1 | |
| 487 | 1094 | Jan. | 21 | Al-Musta`dhir Khalif. |
| 488 | 1095 | " | 11 | |
| 489 | 1095 | Dec. | 31 | |
| 490 | 1096 | " | 19 | |
| 491 | 1097 | " | 9 | |
| 492 | 1098 | Nov. | 28 | |
| 493 | 1099 | " | 17 | |
| 494 | 1100 | " | 6 | |
| 495 | 1101 | Oct. | 26 | |
| 496 | 1102 | " | 15 | |
| 497 | 1103 | " | 5 | |
| 498 | 1104 | Sept. | 23 | |
| 499 | 1105 | " | 13 | |
| 500 | 1106 | " | 2 | |
| 501 | 1107 | Aug. | 22 | |
| 502 | 1108 | " | 11 | |
| 503 | 1109 | July | 31 | |
| 504 | 1110 | " | 20 | |
| 505 | 1111 | " | 10 | Al-Ghazali died. |
| 506 | 1112 | June | 28 | |
| 507 | 1113 | " | 18 | |
| 508 | 1114 | " | 7 | |
| 509 | 1115 | May | 27 | |
| 510 | 1116 | " | 16 | |
| 511 | 1117 | " | 5 | |
| 512 | 1118 | Apr. | 24 | Al-Mustarshid Khalif. |
| 513 | 1119 | " | 14 | |
| 514 | 1120 | " | 2 | |
| 515 | 1121 | Mar. | 22 | |
| 516 | 1122 | " | 12 | |
| 517 | 1123 | " | 1 | |
| 518 | 1124 | Feb. | 19 | |
| 519 | 1125 | " | 7 | |
| 520 | 1126 | Jan. | 27 | |
| 521 | 1127 | " | 17 | |
| 522 | 1128 | " | 6 | |
| 523 | 1128 | Dec. | 25 | |
| 524 | 1129 | " | 15 | Ibn Tumart the Mahdi died. |
| 525 | 1130 | " | 4 | |
| 526 | 1131 | Nov. | 23 | |
| 527 | 1132 | " | 12 | |
| 528 | 1133 | " | 1 | |
| 529 | 1134 | Oct. | 22 | Ar-Rashid Khalif |
| 530 | 1135 | " | 11 | Al-Muktafi II. Khalif. |
| 531 | 1136 | Sept. | 29 | |
| 532 | 1137 | " | 19 | |
| 533 | 1138 | " | 8 | Ibn Bajja (Avempace) died. |
| 534 | 1139 | Aug. | 28 | |
| 535 | 1140 | " | 17 | |
| 536 | 1141 | " | 6 | |
| 537 | 1142 | July | 27 | |
| 538 | 1143 | " | 16 | |
| 539 | 1144 | " | 4 | |
| 540 | 1145 | June | 24 | Jehuda hal-Levi died. |
| 541 | 1146 | " | 13 | |
| 542 | 1147 | " | 2 | |
| 543 | 1148 | May | 22 | |
| 544 | 1149 | " | 11 | |
| 545 | 1150 | Apr. | 30 | |
| 546 | 1151 | " | 20 | |
| 547 | 1152 | " | 8 | |
| 548 | 1153 | Mar. | 29 | |
| 549 | 1154 | " | 18 | |
| 550 | 1155 | " | 7 | |
| 551 | 1156 | Feb. | 25 | |
| 552 | 1157 | " | 13 | |
| 553 | 1158 | " | 2 | |
| 554 | 1159 | Jan. | 23 | |
| 555 | 1160 | " | 12 | |
| 556 | 1160 | Dec. | 31 | |
| 557 | 1161 | " | 21 | |
| 558 | 1162 | " | 10 | |
| 559 | 1163 | Nov. | 30 | |
| 560 | 1164 | " | 18 | |
| 561 | 1165 | " | 7 | |
| 562 | 1166 | Oct. | 28 | |
| 563 | 1167 | " | 17 | |
| 564 | 1168 | " | 5 | |
| 565 | 1169 | Sept. | 25 | |
| 566 | 1170 | " | 14 | Saladin in Egypt: end of the Fatimites. |
| 567 | 1171 | " | 4 | |
| 568 | 1172 | Aug. | 23 | |
| 569 | 1173 | " | 12 | |
| 570 | 1174 | " | 2 | |
| 571 | 1175 | July | 22 | |
| 572 | 1176 | " | 10 | |
| 573 | 1177 | June | 30 | |
| 574 | 1178 | " | 19 | |
| 575 | 1179 | " | 8 | An-Nasir Khalif. |
| 576 | 1180 | May | 28 | |
| 577 | 1181 | " | 17 | |
| 578 | 1182 | " | 7 | |
| 579 | 1183 | Apr. | 26 | |
| 580 | 1184 | " | 14 | |
| 581 | 1185 | " | 4 | Ibn Tufayl died. |
| 582 | 1186 | Mar. | 24 | |
| 583 | 1187 | " | 13 | |
| 584 | 1188 | " | 2 | |
| 585 | 1189 | Feb. | 19 | |
| 586 | 1190 | " | 8 | |
| 587 | 1191 | Jan. | 29 | |
| 588 | 1192 | " | 18 | |
| 589 | 1193 | " | 7 | |
| 590 | 1193 | Dec. | 27 | |
| 591 | 1194 | " | 16 | |
| 592 | 1195 | " | 6 | |
| 593 | 1196 | Nov. | 24 | |
| 594 | 1197 | " | 13 | |
| 595 | 1198 | " | 3 | Ibn Rushd (Averroes) d. |
| 596 | 1199 | Oct. | 23 | |
| 597 | 1200 | " | 12 | |
| 598 | 1201 | " | 12 | |
| 599 | 1202 | Sept. | 20 | |
| 600 | 1203 | " | 10 | |
| 601 | 1204 | Aug. | 29 | Maimonides died. |
| 602 | 1205 | " | 18 | |
| 603 | 1206 | " | 8 | |
| 604 | 1207 | July | 28 | |
| 605 | 1208 | " | 16 | |
| 606 | 1209 | " | 6 | |
| 607 | 1210 | June | 25 | |
| 608 | 1211 | " | 15 | |
| 609 | 1212 | " | 3 | |
| 610 | 1213 | May | 23 | |
| 611 | 1214 | " | 13 | |
| 612 | 1215 | " | 2 | |
| 613 | 1216 | Apr. | 20 | |
| 614 | 1217 | " | 10 | |
| 615 | 1218 | Mar. | 30 | |
| 616 | 1219 | " | 19 | |
| 617 | 1220 | " | 8 | |
| 618 | 1221 | Feb. | 25 | |
| 619 | 1222 | " | 15 | |
| 620 | 1223 | " | 4 | Ibn Tumlus died. |
| 621 | 1224 | Jan. | 24 | |
| 622 | 1225 | " | 13 | Az-Zahir Khalif. |
| 623 | 1226 | " | 2 | Al-Mustansir Khalif. |
| 624 | 1226 | Dec. | 22 | |
| 625 | 1227 | " | 12 | |
| 626 | 1228 | Nov. | 30 | |
| 627 | 1229 | " | 20 | |
| 628 | 1230 | " | 9 | |
| 629 | 1231 | Oct. | 29 | |
| 630 | 1232 | " | 18 | |
| 631 | 1233 | " | 7 | |
| 632 | 1234 | Sept. | 26 | |
| 633 | 1235 | " | 16 | |
| 634 | 1236 | " | 4 | |
| 635 | 1237 | Aug. | 24 | |
| 636 | 1238 | " | 14 | |
| 637 | 1239 | " | 3 | |
| 638 | 1240 | July | 23 | Ibn `Arabi died. |
| 639 | 1241 | " | 12 | |
| 640 | 1242 | " | 1 | Al-Musta´sim Khalif. |
| 641 | 1243 | June | 21 | |
| 642 | 1244 | " | 9 | |
| 643 | 1245 | May | 29 | |
| 644 | 1246 | " | 19 | |
| 645 | 1247 | " | 8 | |
| 646 | 1248 | Apr. | 26 | |
| 647 | 1249 | " | 16 | |
| 648 | 1250 | " | 5 | |
| 649 | 1251 | Mar. | 26 | |
| 650 | 1252 | " | 14 | |
| 651 | 1253 | " | 3 | |
| 652 | 1254 | Feb. | 21 | |
| 653 | 1255 | " | 10 | |
| 654 | 1256 | Jan. | 30 | |
| 655 | 1257 | " | 19 | |
| 656 | 1258 | " | 8 | Halagu takes Baghdad: end of Khalifate. |
| 657 | 1258 | Dec. | 29 | |
| 658 | 1259 | " | 18 | |
| 659 | 1260 | " | 6 | |
| 660 | 1261 | Nov. | 26 | |
| 661 | 1262 | " | 15 | |
| 662 | 1263 | " | 4 | |
| 663 | 1264 | Oct. | 24 | |
| 664 | 1265 | " | 13 | |
| 665 | 1266 | " | 2 | |
| 666 | 1267 | Sept. | 22 | |
| 667 | 1268 | " | 10 | Fall of the Muwahhids. |
Printed in England by The Clarendon Press, Ltd., Cheltenham.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE