The future can be formed in two ways. The first and more common way is to change I to ǒ, ǒzu, or ǒzuru; e.g., Yomi, yomǒ, yomǒzu, yomǒzuru; Yerabi, yerabǒ, etc.; Kiri, kirǒ; Xini, xinǒ; Auoghi, auogǒ.[[30]] Those ending in Chi change to Tǒ; e.g., Cachi, catǒ, etc.; machi, matǒ. Those ending in Xi change to Sǒ; e.g., Mǒxi, mǒsǒ; Nagaxi, nagasǒ; Mexi, mesǒ; Coxi, cosǒ, etc. The other way, which is easy too, is to change the final V of the present indicative to ǒ; e.g., Yomu, yomǒ; Kiku, kikǒ; Mǒsu, mǒsǒ; Mesu, mesǒ. Those ending in
çu change to Tǒ; e.g., Tatçu, tatǒ; Catçu, catǒ. Those ending in Nuru change to Nǒ; e.g., Xinuru, xinǒ; Ynuru, ynǒ. This second rule seems to be more naturally in accord with the rules for the Japanese language.
The imperative changes the final I of the root to E. Those ending in Chi change to Te; e.g., Yome; Kike; Tamochi, tamote; Vchi, ute; Machi, mate.
The present conjunctive is formed by adding Ba to the imperative; e.g., Yomeba; Tateba.[[31]] For the preterit, Reba is added to the preterit indicative; e.g., Yôdarebe.[[32]] For the future the final Ru of the future indicative is changed to Reba; e.g., Yomǒzureba. The conjunctive in Domo is formed in the same manner; e.g., Yomedomo, yôdaredomo, yomǒzuredomo.
The conditional is formed from the future indicative by changing the ǒ to Aba; e.g., Yomaba; Tataba.[[33]] The preterit is formed by adding Raba to the indicative preterit; e.g., Yôdaraba; Tattaraba.[[34]]
The preterit participle is formed from the preterit by changing the A to E; e.g., Yôde; Kite; Tatte. The present participle, in Te, is formed by adding Te ['hand'] to the root of any verb. This is properly a substantive and thus governs the genitive as do the other substantives. It does not indicate tense; e.g., Yomite; Cakite; Machite, etc.
The negative present can be formed in two ways. The first, and that which accords with the rules for Canadzucai, is formed by changing I of the root to Anu or Azu; e.g., Corobi, corobanu, corobazu; Yomi, yomanu, etc.; Coghi, coghanu; Caki, cacanu;[[35]] Kiri, kiranu; ini, inanu. Those ending in Chi change to Tanu; e.g., Tachi, tatanu. Those ending in Xi change to Sanu; e.g., Fanasanu. Another formation common to all is made with the future indicative by changing ǒ to Anu or Azu; e.g., Corobǒ, corobanu, corobazu; Yomǒ, yomanu, etc.; Coghǒ, coghanu; Cakǒ, cakanu; Kirǒ, kiranu; Inǒ, inanu; Tatǒ, tatanu; Matǒ, matanu; Fanasǒ, fanasanu. This rule is common to all three conjugations by changing the affirmative future indicative ǒ to Anu and the ô
and û to Nu or Zu;[[36]] e.g., Todomeô, todomenu, todomezu; Saxeô, saxenu, etc.; Tateô, tatenu; Miû, minu; Yomǒ, yomanu; Tatǒ, tatanu; Fanasǒ, fanasanu; Narauǒ, narananu; Vomouǒ, vomouanu; Furuuo, furuuanu. For the second conjugation preterit, those in Nu are changed to Nanda: e.g., Yomananda. For the preterit participle Da is changed to De; e.g., Yomanande. For the second form of the negative participle, the Nu is changed to Ide; e.g., Yomaide, Corobaide, Tataide, Totonouaide. For the future the particle majij[[37]] or mai is added to the affirmative present indicative; e.g., Yomumajij, yomumai; Matçumajij, matçumai.
Formation of the Third Conjugation and the Roots from Which the Tenses Are Formed
The final syllables of the third conjugation are the diphthongs Ai, Oi, Vi. By these syllables the verbs are known to belong to this conjugation, and from them the tenses are formed. The present indicative is formed by changing Ai to ǒ, Oi to ô, and Vi to û; e.g., Narai, narǒ; Vomoi, vomô; furui, furû. The preterit is formed by adding the syllable Ta to the present; e.g., Narǒta, Vomôta, Furûta. The future is formed by changing the final I of the root to Vǒ, vǒzu, vǒzuru; e.g., Narauǒ, narauǒzu, etc.; Vomouǒ, vomouǒzu, etc.; Furuuǒ, furuuǒzu, etc. The present imperative is formed by changing the final I to Ye; e.g., Naraye, Vomoye, Furuye.