The letter s is pronounced as sç; e.g., susumuru, sçusçumuru.
The letter j is pronounced smoothly (blande), as in the Portuguese joaõ and judeo.
The letter x is also pronounced smoothly, as in the Portuguese (4 queixumes.
When there is the sign ˆ over the letter o it is pronounced ou with the lips almost closed and the mouth partly closed; e.g., buppô.
When there is the sign ˇ or ´ over the letter o it is pronounced with the mouth open as if there were two letters, oo; e.g., tenxó or gacuxǒ.[[44]]
If the signs we have just shown are over the letter u, it is pronounced long as if there were two letters, uu; e.g., taifú or aiaǔ.
When the sign ˜ is over the vowel, the sign should be pronounced like an n, not strongly but swiftly (cursim) and softly (leniter); e.g., vãga.[[45]]
Qe and Qi are written without u, because when u follows q or c both letters are pronounced as a sinalepha;[[46]] e.g., quódai or quainin.
When u follows g and immediately after the u is the letter e or i, it should be pronounced as in the Spanish word guenin; but if the letter e or i follows g immediately without the u, it should be pronounced as in the Italian word giorno; e.g., xitãgi.
The letter z is pronounced with the same strength as in the Spanish word zumbar; e.g., mizu.