The negative of the preterit is formed in like manner by adding the particle nanda instead of nu; e.g., aguenanda 'I did not offer,' zonjenanda 'I did not know,' vorinanda 'I did not descend.'
The pluperfect is formed by changing the last a of the preterit to e and adding the verb gozaru in the present and gozatta in the preterit; e.g., aguenande gozaru or aguenande gozatta 'I have not offered.' It is also formed by adding ide gozaru or ide gozatta instead of (27 nande gozaru; e.g., agueide gozaru or agueide gozatta 'I had not offered,' zonzeide gozaru [zonjeide ... ][[88]] 'I had not known,' vochiide gozatta 'I had not fallen.'
The negative future is formed by adding mai or maji to the affirmative root or the affirmative present tense; e.g., ague mai or aguru maji 'you will not offer.'
The imperative is formed by placing na after the present indicative; aguru na 'do not offer.'
It is also formed by placing na before the root and so after it; e.g., na ague so 'do not offer.'
It is also formed by placing na after the root; e.g., ague na 'do not offer,' mixe na 'do not show,' mesare na 'do not do.' The roots which end in xi or ji, but are in the first conjugation,[[89]] change the i to e to form the negative imperative; e.g., sǒ xe na or só maraxe na 'do not do that,' sǒ zonze na [só zonje na] 'do not think that.'
The optative is formed by placing negavacuva or avare before the negative imperative and placing caxi or gana after it; e.g., avare aguru na caxi 'oh! if only you would not offer,' and negavacuva na ague so gana with the same meaning.
The preterit of the optative is formed by placing mono vo after the negative future; e.g., aguru mai mono vo 'oh! if only you would not have offered.'
The negative subjunctive is formed by changing the u which ends the negative present to eba; e.g., agueneba 'since he did not offer.'
The preterit of the subjunctive is formed by adding reba to the negative preterit of the indicative; e.g., aguenanda reba 'since he had not offered.'