Modern Copper Smelting / being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

by Donald M. Levy

---

MODERN COPPER SMELTING.

---

The Colour of the Converter Flame during the
Bessemerising of Copper Matte.

Fig. 1. Flame at commencement of blow.

---

Fig. 2. Flame during the first or “slagging” stage.