This case has been illustrated for the eyes, but NULL models exist for all senses.
ETA 6: Time
Excepting when specified otherwise, the subject is the same for human and animal beings.
Based on MDT, time is not a parameter for the functions of the brain. This is a basic deficiency.
But there is a problem: as the brain predicts on and on the evolution of the external reality, how often is this activity done?
Of course, this problem is associated to the technological implementation of every type of brain, so it is outside the field covered by MDT. Even so, based on MDT, we can make some assumptions.
Because the brain is an optimized device as to its energy consumption, we assume that the predictions about the evolution of the external reality are done at a speed which depends on the changing speed of the external reality.
That is, the brain time flows with variable speed. This is also our feeling based on our own experience. For instance, when we are involved in a complex activity, time seems to flow too fast and when we have nothing to do, time seems to flow very slowly.
This is a big design drawback. Without time, the long-range models could be inefficient or unusable. So, the brain is forced to compensate, somehow, this drawback.
One method is to use story-type models. They are not able to keep the control of time, but they are able to record the order of occurence of some information. Even so, this method is not very efficient. A story-type model could fragment. Once it is fragmented, the correlation between the primary information is lost.