This is a crucial point of the evolution of the human species. The brain builds an image model. This image model is translated to a symbolic model by the spoken language. For writing, there are two basic possibilities: to associate a symbolic writing to the image model, or to translate the symbolic model of the spoken language to another symbolic model of the writing.
The Asiatic people chose the first possibility. They built an iconographic writing. The second possibility generated the phonetic alphabet.
The impact of the appearance of the phonetic alphabet was huge. The writing is not connected anymore to an image model, but to another symbolic model- the spoken language. Thus, writing becomes independent from the image model to which it is indirectly associated. Later, writing was able to influence the spoken language, and this tandem led to the 'symbolic' Man in Europe.
The Asiatic populations, who have used the method of description of image models in writing, remained stuck in icons associated to image models from their minds. This had a huge drawback in the development of symbolic models. This is why in this history, reference is restricted only to the world based on phonetic writing.
The phonetic writing has been a decisive step in the evolution of symbolic models, due to its non-association with image models. On the other hand, the Chinese spoken language can be translated into a phonetic writing, but this mode could not be used as such, as it would produce a break from the image models, which constitute the basis of the thinking/writing of this people.
1300 BC: Monotheist religion appears in Egypt. This type of religion marks the moment, when the logical analysis applied to religion generates problems and contradictions, associated with the existence of several gods. The desire for logical order determines an evolution towards a monotheist religion. However the appearance of the monotheist religion in Egypt was not a result of the increase of the level of evolution of human society in those times, but was created by the leaders of the society (one of the first monotheist religions created by the people is the Christian religion).
600 BC: Poetry. A poem is a symbolic model, which uses image and symbolic elements and relations. The poet has an inner image model, translates it to a symbolic model with symbolic and image elements, which build up the poem. The reader/listener will translate the poem to an image model in his mind. This image model is supposed to be similar to the initial image model in the mind of the poet. Thus, a poem is a way of approximate transmission of an image model from one creator to a listener/reader, using symbolic models with symbolic and images elements as a 'vehicle'.
300 BC: Euclid's Geometry This is the first fundamental symbolic model ever created (a positive science). It marks a very important moment in the evolution of the brain. This symbolic model continues to be used up to date and it is not changed for 2300 years.
The second fundamental model will be created only after 2000 years and it will be Newton's Mechanics. The evolution of the brain was very chaotic.
There is another symbolic model created in this period: chess. This symbolic model is a game (it is not associated to external reality) and it is not changed (just unimportant small changes) up to now as well. This game can be used as a test of the intrinsic capacity of the brain to make and operate long-range symbolic models.