Bean (a) with testa; (b) without testa.

Maize (a) with pericarp; (b) without pericarp.

Date cut through to show position of embryo.

Coffee cut through to show position of embryo.

Walnut to show cotyledons.

Dispersion of Seeds.

1.Wings.Scale attached to seed of pinus.
Wing attached to fruit of sycamore and ash.
Seed of Bignonia alba.
2.Hairs.E.g., silky hairs of seed of cotton and epilobium.
Pappus of compositæ (fruit).
Awns of clematis (fruit).
3.Hooks.Bristles of geum.

GEOGRAPHY.

By Margery Reid, B.Sc. (Lond.).

Aim in teaching.It is a vexed question how far the study of geography should be looked upon as a training for the mind, or whether its primary function be not to supply material on which the trained mind may work.