Your Author in the continuation of his discourse concerning the Immaterial Soul of Man, demonstrating, that her seat is not bound up in a certain place of the body, but that she pervades all the body and every part thereof, takes, amongst the rest, an argument from Passions and Sympathies: Moreover, says he,[1] Passions and Sympathies, in my judgment, are more easily to be resolved into this hypothesis of the Soul's pervading the whole Body, then in restraining its essential presence to one part thereof.—But it is evident that they arise in us against both our will and appetite; For who would bear the tortures of fears and jelousies, if he could avoid it? Concerning Passions, Madam, I have given my opinion at large in my Book of Philosophy, and am of your Authors mind, that Passions are made in the Heart, but not by an Immaterial spirit, but by the Rational soul which is material; and there is no doubt, but that many Passions, as Fear, Jealousie &c. arise against our will and appetite; for so may forreign Nations invade any Kingdom without the will or desire of the Inhabitants, and yet they are corporeal men: The same may be said of Passions; and several parts of matter may invade each other, whereof one may be afraid of the other, yet all this is but according as corporeal matter moves, either Generally, or Particularly: Generally, that is, when many parts of Matter unite or joyn together, having the like appetites, wills, designs; as we may observe, that there are general agreements amongst several parts, in Plagues, as well as Wars, which Plagues are not onely amongst Men, but amongst Beasts; and sometimes but in one sort of animals, as a general Rot amongst Sheep, a general Mange amongst Dogs, a general Farcy amongst Horses, a general Plague amongst Men; all which could not be without a general Infection, one part infecting another, or rather one part imitating the motions of the other, that is next adjoyning to it; for such infections come by the neer adhesion of parts, as is observable, which immaterial and individable natural Spirits could not effect; that is, to make such a general infection in so many several parts of so many several Creatures, to the Creatures dissolution: Also there will be several Invasions at one time, as Plague, and War, amongst neighbouring and adjoining Creatures or Parts. But this is to be observed, That the sensitive corporeal motions make all diseases, and not the Rational, although the Rational are many times the occasion, that the sensitive do move into such or such a disease; for all those that are sick by conceit, their sicknesses are caused by the rational corporeal motions. But being loth to make tedious repetitions hereof, having discoursed of diseases, and passions in my mentioned Book of Philosophy, I will refer you thither, and rest,
Madam,
Your Faithful Friend
and Servant.
[1] Immort. of the Soul. Book 2. c. 10
[XXVIII.]
MADAM,
Concerning Dimness of Sight, which your Author will have to proceed from the deficiency of the Animal Spirits,[1] My meaning in short is, That when sight is dim, though the sensitive organs are perfect, this dimness is caused by the alteration onely of the sensitive motions in the organs, not moving to the nature of sight. And so is made Deafness, Dumbness, Lameness, and the like, as also Weariness; for the Relaxation of strength in several parts, is onely an alteration of such sorts of motions which make the nerves strong; and if a man be more dull at one time, then at another, it is that there are not so many changes of motions, nor so quick motions at that time, as at another; for Nature may use more or less force as she pleases: Also she can and doth often use opposite actions, and often sympathetical and agreeable actions, as she pleases; for Nature having a free power to move, may move as she will; but being wise, she moves as she thinks best, either in her separating or uniting motions, for continuance, as well as for variety. But if, according to your Author, the Immaterial Soul should determinate matter in motion, it would, in my opinion, make a confusion; for the motions of the Matter would often oppose and cross the motions of the Immaterial Soul, and so they would disagree, as a King and his Subjects, (except God had given the Soul an absolute power of command, and restrained matter to an irrisistible and necessitated obedience; which, in my opinion, is not probable:) By which disagreement, Nature, and all that is in Nature, would have been quite ruined at this time; for no kinds, sorts, or particulars, would keep any distinction, if Matter did not govern it self, and if all the parts did not know their own affairs, abilities, offices, and functions: Besides, it would, to my thinking, take up a great deal of time, to receive commands in every several action, at least so much, that for example, a man could not have so many several thoughts in so short a time, as he hath. But concerning the Animal Spirits, which your Author calls the Instruments, Organs and Engines of the Incorporeal Soul; I would fain know, whether they have no motion but what comes from the Soul, or whether they have their own motion of themselves? If the first, then the Soul must, in my opinion, be like a Deity, and have a divine Power, to give and impart Motion; if the second, then the spirits being material, it follows that Matter hath motion of it self, or is self-moving; But if the Immaterial natural Soul can transfer her gifts upon corporeal matter, then it must give numerous sorts of motions, with all their degrees; as also the faculty of figuring, or moving figuratively in all corporeal Matter: Which power, in my judgment, is too much for a Creature to give. If you say, the Immaterial Soul hath this power from God; I answer, Matter may have the same; and I cannot imagine why God should make an Immaterial Spirit to be the Proxy or Vice-gerent of his Power, or the Quarter-master General of his Divine Providence, as your Author is pleased to style it,[2] when he is able to effect it without any Under-Officers, and in a more easie and compendious way, as to impart immediately such self-moving power to Natural Matter, which man attributes to an Incorporeal Spirit. But to conclude, if the Animal Spirits be the Instruments of the Incorporeal Soul, then the Spirits of Wine are more powerful then the Animal Spirits, nay, then the Immaterial Soul her self; for they can put them and all their actions quite out of order: the same may be done by other material things, Vegetables, Minerals, and the like. And so leaving this discourse to your better consideration, I take my leave for this time, and rest,
Madam,