CARLOTTA, The Infanta (1804-1844). Daughter of the King of the Two Sicilies and sister of Queen Marie Christina of Spain, wife of Don Francesco de Paulo, Infante of Spain.
CAROLINE, Queen (1781-1821). Daughter of the Duke of Brunswick; married in 1795 the Prince of Wales, who became Regent in 1810, and King of England in 1820 as George IV. Her husband publicly accused her of adultery, and the resulting case is famous. The inquiry only proved that her Majesty had been guilty of indiscretions.
CARRACI, Annibale (1560-1609). Considered the greatest of the painters of his family, the members of which were almost all distinguished artists.
CARREL, Armand (1800-1836). A celebrated French publicist. He was educated at Saint Cyr, and took an active part in the semi-Liberal, semi-Bonapartist conspiracies of the time of the Restoration. On the occasion of the Spanish Revolution he went in secret to fight for the Constitutionalists. He quitted the sword for the pen, and became editor in chief of the National, a newspaper founded by Messieurs Thiers and Mignet for the purpose of hastening the downfall of the Bourbons and the elevation of the House of Orleans to the throne. It was only in 1832 that the National adopted the principles of Republicanism. Carrel fought a duel with M. de Girardin, and died forty-eight hours later as the result of the wounds he received.
CASTELLANE, André, Marquis de (1758-1837). Deputy for the nobility in 1789, he joined the Tiers État, and was secretary of the Constituent Assembly. During the Terror he was thrown into prison and only escaped the guillotine owing to the death of Robespierre. In 1802 he was made Prefect of the Basses Pyrénées, and thereafter Maître des Requêtes to the Council of State. Louis XVIII. made him a Peer of France in 1815, and Lieutenant-General in the following year. He was the father of Marshal de Castellane.
CASTELLANE, Comtesse de (1796-1847). Cordelia Greffulhe married the Comte de Castellane, afterwards Marshal of France, in 1813.
CASTLEREAGH, Robert Stuart, Viscount, Marquess of Londonderry (1769-1822). He entered the House of Commons, where he supported the policy of Pitt. He was a fierce enemy of the French Revolution, and the life and soul of the coalitions against Napoleon I. While he was Secretary for War he furnished subsidies to the Powers fighting against the Emperor. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 he sacrificed Poland, Belgium, Saxony, and Genoa. He was vehemently attacked in Parliament, and killed himself in a fit of insanity.
CASTRIES, Armand Charles Augustin de la Croix, Duc de (1756-1842). A deputy to the States General, he had taken part as a Colonel in the American War of Independence. He was an energetic defender of the Royal prerogatives, and in a duel which sprang from a political discussion he wounded Charles de Lameth in the arm. As a result of this he was obliged to retire to Germany. In 1814 he was made a General of Division and a Peer of France. He afterwards rallied to the July monarchy.
CATHERINE of Aragon (1483-1536). Daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and of Isabella of Castille. Married successively Henry VII. and Henry VIII. of England. The latter repudiated her in order to marry Anne Boleyn, and this divorce was the origin of the English schism.
CATHERINE dei Medici (1519-1589). Queen of France, daughter of Lorenzo II. dei Medici, married Henry II. King of France, and was Regent during the minority of her second son, Charles IX. Catherine brought from Italy a taste for art. She built the palace of the Tuileries and continued the building of the Louvre.