ASSELINE, Adolphe (1806-1892). Private secretary to the Duchesse d'Orléans; he retired after 1848.
ASTON, Sir Arthur Ingram. Born in 1798. An English diplomatist, and Secretary to the Paris Embassy in 1833, and Minister at Madrid in 1840.
AUDIN, J. M. W. (1793-1851). Historian and founder of the famous collection of Guides Richard, which proved very lucrative.
AUERSPERG, Princess Gabrielle of (1793-1863). Née Princess Lobkowitz. She lost her husband, Prince Vincent of Auersperg in 1812.
AUGUSTENBERG, the Duchess of (1795-1867). Louise Countess of Daneskjold married in 1820 the Duke of Augustenberg. She was the mother of Queen Caroline of Denmark, wife of Christian VIII.
AUMALE, Henri d'Orléans, Duc d'** (1822-1897). Fourth son of Louis Philippe, and distinguished for his military talent.
AUMALE, Duchesse d'. Caroline, daughter of the Prince of Salerno, married the Duc d'Aumale in 1844 and died in 1869.
AUSTRIA, the Archduke John of (1782-1859). Son of the Emperor Leopold II. and of Princess Louise of Bourbon, daughter of Charles III., King of Spain. He was elected Vicar of the Empire in 1848 by the Frankfort Assembly, in which he played a somewhat insignificant part.
AUSTRIA, the Archduchess Sophia of* (1805-1872). Daughter of Maximilian I., King of Bavaria, and mother of the Emperor Francis Joseph I.
AUSTRIA, the Emperor Francis Joseph I. of. Born in 1830. Son of the Archduke Francis Charles (1802-1878), and of the Archduchess Sophia, and nephew of the Emperor Ferdinand I., who abdicated in 1848 at Olmütz. Francis Joseph I. ascended the throne before the abdication of his father, which took place immediately afterwards. In 1854 he married his cousin, Princess Elizabeth of Bavaria, who died in 1898.