SAILING.

BY
E. F. K N I G H T,
BARRISTER-AT-LAW,
AUTHOR OF “THE CRUISE OF THE ‘FALCON,’”
“THE ‘FALCON’ ON THE BALTIC,” ETC.
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET,
COVENT GARDEN.
1889.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

CONTENTS.

[CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.]
PAGE
The choice of a boat—Description of the various parts of acutter[1]
[CHAPTER II.
THE ROPES.]
Knots, bends, and hitches[6]
[CHAPTER III.
THE THEORY OF SAILING.]
Leeway and lateral resistance—Heeling—Balancing sails—Tacking—Action of rudder—Longitudinal resistance—Deepkeel or centre-board[15]
[CHAPTER IV.
ON SMALL BOATS.]
Open and half-decked boats—Ballast—The centre-board—False keels—Lee-boards—Counters, square and pointed
sterns—Battened sails
[22]
[CHAPTER V.
THE RIGS OF SMALL BOATS.]
Spritsails—Dipping lugs—Standing lugs—Leg of mutton sails—Thebalance lug—The Una rig—Balance reefs—The sloop—Rulesof open boat sailing[28]
[CHAPTER VI.
A CUTTER’S RIGGING.]
The bowsprit—Backstays—Main halyards—Tack tricing line—Lacingmainsail to boom—Maintack tackle—The gaff—Foresheets—Forehorse—Jibsheets—Mainsheet-horse—Topsail—Spinnaker—Stropsfor block, etc.—The Yawl—The
Ketch
[42]
[CHAPTER VII.
HOW TO SAIL A YACHT.]
To get under way from moorings or anchorage—Setting sail—Closehauled—Tacking—Missing stays—Waring—Squalls—Shiftingjibs—Jibing—Scandalizing mainsail—Hove to—Reefing—Returningto moorings—Running aground[56]
[CHAPTER VIII.
MISCELLANEOUS HINTS.]
Towing a dinghy—Berthon boats—To prevent a dinghy bumpingagainst an anchored yacht—Foul anchor—Mooring—Thedrogue—The management of open boats in a heavy sea—Managementof a yacht in a rough sea—Boarding[71]
[CHAPTER IX.
FITTING OUT.]
Ballasting a yacht—Lead on keel—The anchor—Setting uprigging—Ventilation and dry rot—Mildew in sails—Stretching
new sails—Laying up a boat for the winter—Inventory
[82]
[CHAPTER X.
THE ECONOMY BETWEEN DECKS.]
The well—Arrangement of cabin—Leaky decks—Cabin lights—Theforecastle—Cooking stoves[91]
[CHAPTER XI.
THE LAWS OF THE SEA.]
Board of Trade regulations concerning lights, fog signals,steering and sailing rules, pilot signals, etc.—CustomHouse clearance on returning from a foreign port—Explanationof the terms used in giving steering directions, etc.[97]
[CHAPTER XII.
INSTRUMENTS OF NAVIGATION NECESSARY FOR COASTING.]
Mercator’s chart—The mariner’s compass—The spirit compass—Variation—Deviation—Thelog ship and line—The leadline[109]
[CHAPTER XIII.
HOW TO FIND ONE’S WAY AT SEA.]
Cross bearings—Tacking across the sea—Leeway—How toallow for a current—To find the hour of high water[119]
[CHAPTER XIV.
WEATHER WISDOM.]
Use of the instruments—Forecasting weather from natural
phenomena, etc.
[129]
[CHAPTER XV.
YACHT RACING.]
The new Y.R.A. rule of measurement—Sail area—Time allowance—Rulesof racing—Methods of starting[134]
[CHAPTER XVI.]
Glossary of Nautical Terms[146]
Index[153]

SAILING.

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.

The choice of a boat—Description of the various parts of a cutter.