It is possible that some readers of this book may wish to have their memories refreshed about the events which have crowded so rapidly on one another’s heels during the last half century, so I have ventured to set down a table of dates with notes, which can easily be skipped by those whose memories do not require it.
1876. First foreign treaty with Japan—unsuccessful attempts had previously been made by the Russians and Americans to obtain permission to trade.
1883. Trade relations opened with Great Britain, America, and Germany. Owing to internal factions, the Chinese, representing the conservative forces of government, got decided hold in Korea over the radical party, represented by Japanese factions.
1885. Treaty between China and Japan guaranteeing that neither country should send troops to Korea without previous consultation.
1890 (approximately). First Protestant missions sent to Korea—mainly American.
1894. China sent troops (without advising Japan) to put down the Tonghak rebellion; hence resulted the war with Japan, in which China was completely defeated.
1896. Russian influence became powerful. The Emperor took refuge in Russian legation. Lobanoff Yamaga agreement between Russians and Japanese to respect the independence of Korea, and not to send troops except by mutual agreement.
1903. Russian intrigue won large timber concessions on the Yalu, and demanded port on the N.W. coast opposite Antung-Yongampo, which they renamed Port Nicholas. This was applied for by Great Britain and United States of America as an open port, but Russian influence prevented this being granted.
1904. War declared between Russia and Japan; Korea made agreement with Japan to facilitate its campaign on the basis of Korea’s independence. Since then the Japanese have steadily increased their control over Korean affairs.
1907. The Emperor forced by the Japanese to abdicate in favour of his nephew.