[146] Payments on account of Robert Grene, a court fool, appear in the Privy Purse Accounts for 1559-69 (Nichols, i. 264). Apparently the post was hereditary; a warrant of 1567 for the clothes of 'Jack Grene our foole' is in Addl. MS. 35328. C. C. Stopes, Elizabeth's Fools and Dwarfs (Shakespeare's Environment, 269), adds from a Wardrobe book of 1577-1600 (Lord Chamb. Books, v. 36) 'Thomasina', a dwarf or muliercula, and from another (Lord Chamb. Books, v. 34) 'The Foole', 'William Shenton our Foole', 'Ipolyta the Tartarian', 'an Italian named Monarcho', 'a lytle Blackamore'. References to Monarcho, including L. L. L. IV. i. 101, are collected in Var. iv. 345, and McKerrow, Nashe, iv. 339. Dee, 7, records a visit from the Queen's dwarf 'Mʳˢ Thomasin' on 7 June 1580.
[147] Cf. Mediaeval Stage, i. 50.
[148] Lafontaine, 45. Numerous records of the musical establishment are collected by Lafontaine from the Lord Chamberlain's Records, and by W. Nagel, Annalen der englischen Hofmusik (Beilage zu den Monatsheften für Musikgeschichte, Bd. 26), and more completely in the Musical Antiquary (Oct. 1909-Apr. 1913) from the T. C. Accounts. The fee lists are not to be relied upon.
[149] This was Mathias Mason. The lutenists also include Robert Hales (1586-1603), Henry Porter (1603), also described in the same year as a sackbut, and Philip Rosseter (1604-23), on whom cf. ch. xv.
[150] John Heywood was certainly a Sewer of the chamber to Henry VIII (cf. ch. xii, s.v. Paul's), and Edward VI had a group of singers holding these posts (Lafontaine, 9), but there is no definite evidence of a similar arrangement under Elizabeth. On Alfonso Ferrabosco, cf. ch. xiv (Italians).
[151] On the relation of the Lord Chamberlain to the Revels in particular, cf. ch. iii. The issues from the Great Wardrobe were mainly upon his warrants.
[152] H. O. 37. The post of Clerk of Works is also called an 'office outward' (H. O. 54).
[153] Cf. ch. iii, especially Tilney's list of 'standing offices' c. 1607. The 'maisters of the standing offices' also appear in the description of James's coronation (Nichols, James, i. 325).
[154] Thus the curious fee of £11 8s. 1½d. a year represents 7½d. a day, the regular wages of esquires, serjeants, and many clerks under Edward II (Tout, 270).
[155] The £100 was 'from the King's privy coffers' c. 1478 (H. O. 41), but by 1508 it was from the Exchequer (Henry, Hist. of Great Britain, xii. 454), and here it was still paid in the seventeenth century (Sullivan, 252, from Pells Order Books).