[109] Grein, i. 278.
[110] Beowulf, 89, 499, 869, 1064, 1162, 2106, 2259, 2449.
[111] William of Malmesbury, de gestis Pontif. Angl. (R. S.), 336 ‘quasi artem cantitandi professum, ... sensim inter ludicra verbis scripturarum insertis.’
[112] Grein, ii. 294.
[113] Grein, i. 284. A similar poem is The Sea-farer (Grein, i. 290).
[114] Cynewulf, Elene, 1259 (Grein, ii. 135); Riddle lxxxix (Grein, iii. 1. 183). But A. S. Cook, The Christ (1900), lv, lxxxiii, thinks that Cynewulf was a thane, and denies him the Riddle.
[115] Cynewulf, Christ (ed. Gollancz), 668; Gifts of Men (Grein, iii. 1. 140); Fates of Men (Grein, iii. 1. 148).
[116] William of Malmesbury, Gesta Reg. Angl. (R. S.), i. 126, 143.
[117] Asserius, de rebus gestis Alfredi (Petrie-Sharp, Mon. Hist. Brit. i. 473). Alfred was slow to learn as a boy, but loved ‘Saxonica poemata,’ and remembered them. His first book was a ‘Saxonicum poematicae artis librum,’ and ‘Saxonicos libros recitare et maxime carmina Saxonica memoriter discere non desinebat.’
[118] Haddan-Stubbs, iii. 133 ‘Statuimus atque decernimus ut episcopi vel quicunque ecclesiastici ordinis religiosam vitam professi sunt ... nec citharoedas habeant, vel quaecunque symphoniaca, nec quoscunque iocos vel ludos ante se permittant, quia omnia haec disciplina sanctae ecclesiae sacerdotes fideles suos habere non sinit.’