[168] Brooke, Eng. Lit. 305; Ten Brink, i. 149.
[169] Sophus Bugge, in Bidrag til den aeldste Skaldedigtnings Historie (1894; cf. L. Duvau in Rev. Celt. xvii. 113), holds that Skaldic poetry began in the Viking raids of the eighth and ninth centuries, under the influence of the Irish filid. The tenth-century skald as described in the Raven-Song of Hornklofi at the court of Harold Fair-hair is very like the scôp (C. P. B. i. 254), and here too tumblers and buffoons have found their way. Cf. Kögel, i. 1. 111; E. Mogk, in Paul, Grundriss2, iii. 248.
[170] Guy of Amiens, de Bello Hastingensi (†1068), 391, 399:
‘Histrio, cor audax nimium quem nobilitabat ...
... Incisor-ferri mimus cognomine dictus.’
Wace, Roman de Rou (†1170) (ed. Andresen, iii. 8035):
‘Taillefer, ki mult bien chantout,
Sor un cheval ki tost alout,
Devant le duc alout chantant
De Karlemaigne et de Rolant