After the outbreak of war the existing permanent and semi-permanent works were supplemented by a large number of batteries and closed infantry works, in some of which guns were emplaced. These were sited between the other works, or, in some cases, upon special points, and are called 'redoubts' and 'lunettes.' There were also a few open infantry works constructed for the special purpose of 'flanking' others, or for firing over ground in front of them not covered by their own fire. These are here called 'open caponiers,' and should not be confused with the masonry structures called 'caponiers,' placed at the bottom of the deep ditches of the larger works for the defence of those ditches.

Round, between, and behind the forts, fortifications, redoubts, lunettes, etc., a maze of trenches grew up for fire, shelter, and communication, and numerous bomb-proofs, magazines, dressing stations, were also built. In front were wire entanglements, live electric wires, land mines—every obstacle that ingenuity could suggest.

To assist in identification a table has been prepared in which the Russian and the other names (where available) of the localities mentioned are given. A chronological table of the principal events of the siege has been also added.

London, March, 1908.

TABLE OF NAMES

List of Principal Places mentioned, giving their Russian and in some Cases their Other Names.

Russian Names.Other Names.
Principal Works—'Forts.'
No. 1 Fort (S.E.).Paiyin-shan Fort; South Fort.
No. 2 " (N.E.).North Fort; Chi-kuan-shan; Fort Kitohadai.
No. 3 " (N.).Fort Erh-lung-shan; Fort Nirusan.
No. 4 " (N.W.).I-tzu-shan Fort.
No. 5 " (W.).Tayanko North.
No. 6 " (S.W.).
Subsidiary Works—'Fortifications.'
Fortification No. 1 (S.E.).South-east Chi-kuan-shan Battery.
" No. 2 (E.).Dangerous Mountain.
" No. 3 (N.).Sho-zu-shan Fort; Sung-su-shan Fort; Shoju-san.
" No. 4 (W.).South An-tzu-shan Fort.
" No. 5 (S.W.).Cha-kua-tzu.
Intermediate, Temporary, and Field Works.
Takhe Redoubt (S.E.).South-east Redoubt.
Rear Redoubt (E.).
Kuropatkin Lunette (N.E.).'Q' Work.
No. 1 Open Caponier (N.E.).
Redoubt No. 1 (N.E.).East Pan-lun-shan Redoubt; East Banrusan.
No. 2 Open Caponier (N.E.).'P' Work.
Redoubt No. 2 (N.E.).West Pan-lun-shan Redoubt; West Banrusan.
No. 3 Open Caponier (N.E.).'G' Work; Hachi-maki-yama.
Water Supply Redoubt (N.).Fort Kuropatkin.
Rocky Redoubt (N.).Railway Redoubt; Lung-yen.
Temple Redoubt (N.).
Pan-lun-shan Redoubt (N.W.).
Flat Hill, No. 1 Redoubt (N.W.).
" No. 2 " (N.W.).
" No. 3 " (N.W.).
" No. 4 " Stone-broken (N.W.).
Double Angle Lunette (N.W.).
New Lunette (N.W.).
Fougasse Lunette (N.W.).
No. 5 Redoubt (W.).Quarry Battery.
No. 4 " (W.).
Timber Redoubt (S.W.).
Salt Redoubt (S.W.).
Quail Hill (centre).
Land Batteries.
Cross (S.E.).
Dragon's Back (E.).
Dragon's Head (E.).
'A' (E.).
'B' (N.E.).
Zaliterny (N.E.).'R.'
Little Eagle's Nest (N.E.).'M.'
Eagle's Nest (N.E.).Bodai; Wang-tai.
Zaredoubt (N.).'H.'
Howitzer (N.).
Wolf's (N.).'I.'
Tumulus (N.).Sung-su-shan Auxiliary.
Cemetery (N.W.).Cemetery.
'C' (Sapper) (N.W.).
Jagged Hill (N.W.).
Howitzer (N.W.).
Obelisk Hill (N.W.).Obelisk Hill.
Tea (W.).Stonebroken.
Pigeon (W.).
'D' (W.).South Tayanko.
Salt, [? Redoubt] (S.W.).
Coast Batteries.
White Wolf.
No. 1.}On
Tiger's
Peninsula.
" 2.}Tiger's Head.
" 3.}
" 4.}
" 5.}
" 6.}}}Chi-kuan-shan.
" 7.}}
" 8.}Man-tzu-ying.
" 9.}
" 10.}
Lighthouse.}
No. 12 (S.).
" 13, Golden Hill (S.).
" 14 (S.)
" 15, Electric Cliff (S.)
" 16 (S.E.).Six-inch Gun.
" 17 (S.E.).
" 18 (S.E.).
" 19 (S.E.).
" 20 (S.E.).
" 21, Long Battery (S.E.).
" 22 (S.E.).
Other Places.
Kuen-san Hill (N.E.).Ken-san Hill.
Sia-gu-shan (E.).Shokozan; Hsiao-ku-shan.
Ta-ku-shan (E.).Ta-ku-shan.
High Hill (N.W.).203 Metre Hill; Royusan.
Angle Hill (N.W.).174 Metre Hill.
Long Hill (N.W.).Namakoyama.
Divisional Hill (N.).
Flat Hill (N.).Akasakayama.
Wolf's Hills (N.E.).Feng-huang-shen.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] One hundred and fifty-four days after the close investment.

[2] See Conclusion, p. 336.