[432]. Only four foreigners’ names appear, Mommsen, op. cit. p. 295, n. 1; F. Mie in Ath. Mitth. xxxiv. p. 1. Mie distinguishes the term in ἐκ πάντων, which occurs in athletic and equestrian events, and denotes competitions open to all comers, and the term διὰ πάντων, which occurs only in musical competitions, and appears to denote a final competition in which all the competitors in different musical events took part.
[433]. Krause, Gym. pp. 131 ff.; J.H.S. xxiii. pp. 261 ff.
[434]. Paus. ii. 27. 5. The stadium of Epidaurus is στάδιον οἷα Ἕλλησι τὰ πολλὰ γῆς χῶμα. Cp. viii. 47. 4, ix. 23. 1, of the stadia of Tegea and Thebes. That at Corinth in contrast is described as λίθου λευκοῦ, ii. 1. 7; cp. Delphi x. 32. 1, and infra.
[435]. Ol. Text. ii. 63 ff.; Frazer, Pausanias, iv. 78.
[436]. Paus. vi. 20, 8.
[437]. The stadium of Pergamum was, however, 210 m. according to Dörpfeld, the standard settled by Philetaerus being higher than that on the mainland. Ath. Mitth. xxxiii. 341.
[438]. Πρακτικά. 1902, pp. 78-92, Pl. A-D; Frazer, Pausanius, v. 576.
[439]. Ditt. Syll. 2nd Ed., ii. 688.
[440]. A drawing from the Codex Ursinianus in the Vatican, published in Röm. Mitth. 1890, p. 156, Taf. vii., represents runners standing behind a wooden barrier.
[441]. B.C.H., 1899, pp. 601-615.