[492]. Pausanias, vi. 13, 2. The text of the passage is unfortunately corrupt.
[493]. Strabo, vi. 12.
[494]. Out of fifteen such vases, one has two runners, three have three, three have five, and eight have four. The number four is more usual also in representations of the longer races.
[495]. Krause, Gym. p. 363. J.H.S. l.c. p. 262. In Vergil Nisus trips Salius, Aen. v. 335; in Statius, vi. 616, Idas seizes Parthenopaeus by the hair. More important is a passage in Lucian, Calumn. non temere cred. 12 ἄναθλος ἀνταγωνιστὴς ἀπογνοὺς τὴν ἐκ τοῦ τάχους ἐλπίδα ἐπὶ τὴν κακοτεχνίαν ἐτράπετο καὶ τοῦτο μόνον ἐξ ἅπαντος σκοπεῖ ὅπως τὸν τρέχοντα ἐπιοχὼν ἣ ἐμποδίσας ἐπιστομιεῖ. Cp. Cicero, de Officiis, iii. 10.
[496]. It is unnecessary to repeat here the arguments on which these conclusions are based. They are stated fully in J.H.S. xxiii. p. 267.
[497]. Gym. 32 οἷον πτερούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν χειρῶν. Winged figures are very frequent in early Greek art: a very beautiful later representation of a winged runner occurs on a r.-f. vase published in B.C.H., 1899, p. 158.
[498]. Practical Track and Field Athletics, by John Graham and Ellery H. Clark (D. Nutt), p. 24. A photograph of two runners (Pl. vi.) taken in an actual race bears a striking resemblance to the pictures on Greek vases.
[499]. C.R., 1876, Pl. i.
[500]. National Museum, 761.
[501]. Mon. d. I. X. 48 h, 15.